Yellow fever vaccination

Yellow fever is common in tropical regions of Africa and South America. Since 1985, 15 major outbreaks of the disease have been recorded, 11 of them in Africa. Since 1991, vaccination against yellow fever (in 24 countries in Africa and 9 in South America) has been included in the Expanded Program on Immunization. In Ukraine and Russia, vaccination against yellow fever is given to people traveling to endemic countries.

Yellow fever is caused by the arbovirus group B, the source is monkeys, the carrier is mosquitoes. Yellow fever affects the kidneys, liver, spleen, bone marrow. The course is severe, often accompanied by hemorrhagic manifestations and acute renal failure with the development of uremic coma and toxic encephalitis.

Characteristics of the drug

Yellow fever vaccine live dry (Russia) is a purified suspension of chicken embryo tissue infected with attenuated strain 17D of yellow fever virus. The preparation contains traces of monomycin and polymyxin, meets WHO requirements. Release form: ampoules of 2 and 5 doses, 10 per package. Store at a temperature not exceeding minus 20°. Shelf life is 2 years.

This vaccine is the only one that is included in the International Certificate and is required when travelling to endemic regions.

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Application and dosage

The yellow fever vaccine is intended for immunization of children (from the age of 9 months) and adults. Vaccination of children 4-9 months is carried out at a high risk of infection. After a course of immunosuppressive therapy, the vaccine is administered no earlier than 1 year later.

Yellow fever vaccine (0.5 ml) is administered once subcutaneously in the subscapular region no later than 10 days before departure to an endemic area. A single vaccination after 10 days causes the development of immunity lasting 10-15 years in almost 100% of those immunized. Revaccination is carried out after 10 years.

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Reactions, complications and contraindications to yellow fever vaccination

12-24 hours after vaccination, hyperemia and edema (up to 2.5 cm) may develop at the injection site for 2-3 days. After 4-10 days, 5-10% of vaccinated people develop a temperature of 38.5°, chills, malaise, headache, and dizziness for 2-3 days. In rare cases, allergic complications are possible; isolated cases of encephalitis have been described in children.

Contraindications, in addition to those common to other live vaccines, include allergies to chicken eggs and antibiotics. Those predisposed to such reactions are prescribed oral antihistamines for 6 days on the day of vaccination.

For persons over 15 years of age, yellow fever vaccination may be combined with cholera vaccination if necessary, but the immune response may be reduced. For children under 14 years of age, the interval after the previous cholera vaccination should be at least 3 weeks, after other vaccines - at least 2 months. When the vaccine is administered to a woman with an undiagnosed pregnancy, it is not terminated (out of 81 known cases, fetal infection was detected in 1, fetal development was not affected in any case).

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