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The use of adjuvants in the treatment of back pain
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Baclofen (Baclofen)
Pills
Pharmachologic effect
Miorelaxant of central action, a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAb-stimulant). Reducing the excitability of the end sections of the afferent sensitive fibers and suppressing the intermediate neurons, inhibits the mono- and polysynaptic transmission of nerve impulses; reduces the preliminary stress of the muscle spindles. Has no effect on neuromuscular transmission. With neurological diseases accompanied by spasticity of skeletal muscles, it alleviates painful spasms and clonic convulsions; increases the amount of movement in the joints, facilitates passive and active kinesitherapy (physical exercises, massage, manual therapy).
Indications for use
Spasticity in multiple sclerosis, stroke, TBI, meningitis, spinal diseases (infectious, degenerative, tumor and traumatic genesis), in children's cerebral palsy; alcoholism (affective disorders).
Diazepam (Diazepam)
Pills
Pharmachologic effect
Anxiolytic agent (tranquilizer) of benzodiazepine series. Has a sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant and central muscle relaxant effect.
The mechanism of action of diazepam is due to the stimulation of the benzodiazepine receptors of the supramolecular GABA-benzodiazepine-chloronophore receptor complex, leading to an increase in the inhibitory effect of GABA (a mediator of pre- and postsynaptic inhibition in all parts of the central nervous system) on the transmission of nerve impulses. Stimulates benzodiazepine receptors located in the allosteric center of postsynaptic GABA receptors of the ascending activating reticular formation of the brainstem and intercalary neurons of the lateral horns of the spinal cord; reduces the excitability of the subcortical structures of the brain (limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus), inhibits polysynaptic spinal reflexes.
Anxiolytic action is due to the influence on the amygdala complex of the limbic system and is manifested in a decrease in emotional tension, easing anxiety, fear, anxiety.
The sedative effect is due to the influence on the reticular formation of the brainstem and the nonspecific nuclei of the thalamus and is manifested by a decrease in the symptomatology of neurotic origin (anxiety, fear).
The main mechanism of hypnotic action is the inhibition of cells of the reticular formation of the brain stem.
Anticonvulsant action is realized by strengthening presynaptic inhibition. The spread of epileptogenic activity is suppressed, but the excited state of the focus is not removed.
Central miorelaksiruyuschee effect due to inhibition of the polysynaptic spinal afferent inhibitory pathways (to a lesser extent, monosynaptic). Perhaps a direct inhibition of the motor nerves and muscle functions.
Possessing moderate sympatholytic activity, can cause a decrease in blood pressure and an expansion of coronary vessels. Increases the threshold of pain sensitivity. It suppresses sympathoadrenal and parasympathetic (including vestibular) paroxysms. Reduces night secretion of gastric juice.
The effect of the drug is observed on the 2nd-7th day of treatment.
The productive symptomatology of psychotic genesis (acute delusional, hallucinatory, affective disorders) is practically unaffected, there is rarely a decrease in affective tension, delusional disorders
With abstinence syndrome with chronic alcoholism, weaken agitation, tremor, negativism, as well as alcoholic delirium and hallucinations.
The therapeutic effect in patients with cardialgia, arrhythmias and rasteresias is observed at the end of 1 week.
Indications for use
Anxiety disorders.
Dysphoria (as part of combination therapy as an additional drug).
Insomnia (difficulty falling asleep)
Spasm of skeletal muscles with local trauma; spastic conditions associated with the defeat of the brain or spinal cord (cerebral palsy, athetosis, tetanus); myositis, bursitis, arthritis, rheumatic pelviscandiloarthritis, progressive chronic polyarthritis; Arthrosis, accompanied by the tension of skeletal muscles; retebral syndrome, angina pectoris, tension headache.
An abstinent alcoholic syndrome: anxiety, tension, agitation, tremor, transient reactive conditions.
As part of complex therapy: hypertension, peptic ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer; psychosomatic disorders in obstetrics and gynecology: menopausal and menstrual disorders, gestosis; status epilepticus; eczema and other diseases, accompanied by itching, irritability.
Ménière's disease.
Poisoning with medicines.
Premedication before surgical interventions and endoscopic manipulations, general anesthesia.
For parenteral administration: premedication before general anesthesia; as a component of combined general anesthesia; myocardial infarction (as part of complex therapy); motor excitation of various etiologies in neurology and psychiatry: paranoid-hallucinatory states; epileptic seizures (cupping); facilitating labor activity; premature birth (only at the end of the third trimester of pregnancy); premature detachment of the placenta.
[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]
Tizanidine (Tizanidine)
Tablets, modified-release capsules
Pharmachologic effect
Miorelaxant of central action. Stimulates presynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic receptors, which leads to inhibition of the polysynaptic transmission of excitation in the spinal cord, which regulates the tone of skeletal muscles.
Effective in acute painful muscular spasms and chronic spasms of spinal and cerebral origin. Reduces the rigidity of muscles with passive movements.
Indications for use
Painful muscle spasms caused by organic and functional disorders of the spine (cervical and lumbar syndromes, osteochondrosis, spondylosis, syringomyelia, hemiplegia) arising after surgical operations (including the herniation of the intervertebral disc or osteoarthrosis of the hip joint), spasticity of skeletal muscles at various neurological diseases (including with multiple sclerosis, chronic myelopathy, degenerative diseases of the spinal cord, residual phenomena of a stroke, World Cup , Cerebral palsy).
Tofisopam (Tofisopam)
Pills
Pharmachologic effect
"Daytime" anxiolytic agent (tranquilizer) from the group of .benzodiazepines. It also has anticonvulsant and central muscle relaxant action. It enhances the inhibitory effect of GABA on the transmission of nerve impulses. Stimulates the benzodiazepine receptors located in the allosteric center of the postsynaptic GABA receptors of the ascending activating reticular formation of the brain stem and intercalary neurons of the lateral horns of the spinal cord, reduces the excitability of the subcortical structures of the brain (limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus), inhibits polysynaptic spinal reflexes.
Anxiolytic action is due to the influence on the amygdala complex of the limbic system and is manifested in a decrease in emotional tension, easing anxiety, fear, anxiety. The sedative effect is due to the influence on the reticular formation of the brainstem and the nonspecific nuclei of the thalamus and is manifested by a decrease in the symptomatology of neurotic origin (anxiety, fear). The productive symptomatology of psychotic genesis (acute delusional, hallucinatory, affective disorders) practically does not affect, rarely a decrease in affective tension, delusional disorders.
Anticonvulsant action is realized by strengthening pre-I synaptic inhibition, suppressing the spread of convulsive activity, but the excited state of the focus is not removed.
Central miorelaksiruyuschee effect due to inhibition of the polysynaptic spinal afferent inhibitory pathways (to a lesser extent, monosynaptic). Perhaps a direct inhibition of the motor nerves and muscle functions.
Indications for use
Neurosis, psychopathy (nervous tension, vegetative lability, fear), apathy, decreased activity: schizophrenia, manic-depressive syndrome, pathocharacterial personality development, reactive depressive state, climacteric syndrome, cardialgia, chronic alcoholism, alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Delirium: myasthenia gravis, myopathy. Neurogenic muscular atrophies and other pathological conditions with secondary neurotic symptoms, in which anxiolytics with a pronounced myorelaxing action are contraindicated.
Attention!
To simplify the perception of information, this instruction for use of the drug "The use of adjuvants in the treatment of back pain" translated and presented in a special form on the basis of the official instructions for medical use of the drug. Before use read the annotation that came directly to medicines.
Description provided for informational purposes and is not a guide to self-healing. The need for this drug, the purpose of the treatment regimen, methods and dose of the drug is determined solely by the attending physician. Self-medication is dangerous for your health.