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Treatment of tuberculosis with antibiotics
Last reviewed: 03.07.2025
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Today, tuberculosis is a serious medical problem. The incidence of tuberculosis is increasing. Treatment is becoming less and less effective, as the pathogen becomes resistant to the antibacterial drugs used. Pharmaceutical companies are developing new drugs, but over time, they too cease to be effective. Currently, many specialists are convinced that antibiotics for tuberculosis remain the only reliable means of treating this disease.
For treatment, antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group are mainly used. The most effective drugs of this group are kanamycin and amikacin. Antibiotics from the polypeptide group are also used, represented by such drugs as capreomycin, cycloserine. Fluoroquinolones have proven themselves well. Of this group, the following drugs have proven themselves best: lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin.
It is necessary to take into account that antibiotics are prescribed to each patient individually, taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen to the active substance. The results of the analysis, the current condition of the patient, the severity of the disease, and concomitant diseases are also taken into account. This is due to the fact that antibiotics prescribed for the treatment of tuberculosis are very dangerous, toxic, and affect not only the pathogen, but also the human body.
When selecting the optimal treatment regimen, the doctor tries to select an option in which the drug will have the maximum effect on the microorganism, killing the pathogen. It is also necessary to ensure the minimal effect of the drug on the human body, while protecting the liver, kidneys, heart and other systems from dangerous complications.
The so-called drug-resistant tuberculosis is a great danger - this is a form of the disease in which the pathogen acquires resistance to the drug used and other drugs. This can occur with a low dosage, with an incorrect selection of a drug, with a sudden mutation of the microorganism.
If you violate the drug regimen, do not take the drug on time, or reduce the dose, the bacteria may undergo mutation and acquire resistance. In rare cases, resistance is primary. In most cases, it is the result of improper therapy and the patient's irresponsible attitude to treatment.
Resistance can be either single or multiple. With single resistance, the microorganism acquires resistance to only one drug. In this case, it is possible to prescribe an alternative option to which resistance has not yet developed. Multiple resistance is considered more dangerous, in which the bacterium acquires resistance to two or more microorganisms, or to the entire adjacent group. This deprives the doctor of the opportunity to select an effective treatment. As a result, the disease progresses, and there is no treatment for it.
If the pathogen has acquired resistance, doctors look for ways to overcome the infection. An antibiotic sensitivity test can help here, which will show which drug the pathogen still has resistance to. Also, if an effective remedy is found, its optimal dosage can be selected. But the problem is that it is not always possible to conduct such a study, often because there is not enough time. The study is conducted for at least a month, because first it is necessary to grow the required amount of the pathogen, and only then can the study be conducted. In most cases, the doctor does not have such time, since the patient may die during this time. Urgent measures must be taken.
In such cases, doctors usually take an empirical approach, trying different combinations of drugs. It is recommended to select drugs in such a way that they overlap each other's spectrum of action and affect different groups of microorganisms. It is also important that the drug has a different mechanism of action. This will increase the chance of successful treatment. For example, it is advisable to use a drug that destroys the cell membrane of the microorganism, thereby preventing its further development. Then the second drug should be chosen to be one that will be aimed at inhibiting the synthesis of enzymes and the main biochemical cycles of the pathogen, which will also lead to the death of the microorganism. Thus, we have the opportunity to influence the same microorganism from different sides.
Antibiotics for tuberculosis in adults
Isoniazid and rifampicin are often prescribed, which can be very effective against the pathogen, but are extremely dangerous for the body. They have multiple side effects on the liver, kidneys, and heart. Isoniazid is one of the main drugs used to poison dogs and cats. The level of toxicity speaks for itself. The drugs can destroy liver and kidney cells and cause stomach ulcers. If the dosage is exceeded or taken for a long time, severe intoxication develops, which can end in complete liver and kidney failure.
Therefore, medications should be taken in combination with hepatoprotectors and nephroprotectors, and an antidote should always be kept on hand in case of poisoning. The antidote to isoniazid is pyridoxine, or vitamin B. If any negative side effects occur, you should immediately consult a doctor. You should also not stop taking the medication or reduce the dose on your own, since the microorganism will become resistant and it will be impossible to cure the disease. Unfortunately, a patient with tuberculosis should not not take medications, despite the high risk, since this is a fatal disease that will end in death without treatment. In addition, the disease is considered socially dangerous, since the patient can infect others. The disease is transmitted by contact and airborne droplets.
Isoniazid and rifampicin are not the only possible combinations of drugs. The drugs are selected individually for each person. In this case, the combination may contain 5 antibacterial drugs or more. One or two drugs are taken from the main ones, the rest are from reserve anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Antibiotics are often prescribed in combination with antifungal drugs. This is due to the fact that the development of a fungal infection is one of the side effects of long-term and intensive antibacterial therapy. Normal microflora dies, its place is very quickly taken by a fungus, which begins to grow and multiply uncontrollably. Most often, severe candidiasis develops, which affects the genitals, intestines, oral cavity, and other microbiocenoses. Fluconazole is considered the most effective remedy for suppressing fungal growth.
A relatively new drug in the treatment of tuberculosis is perchlozone, a drug that is effective against drug-resistant forms of microorganisms. But the mechanism of action and the consequences of its use are still unexplored.
Anti-tuberculosis antibiotics can also significantly reduce immunity, resulting in the development of bacterial and viral microflora, and the body is more susceptible to various diseases. To maintain immunity, anti-tuberculosis antibiotics are prescribed in combination with immunomodulating or immunostimulating agents. These are drugs that are aimed at restoring human immunity.
Most often, such drugs as taktivin and thymalin, interferons, leukinferon are used. In any case. Only an immunologist should select the necessary drug.
Anti-tuberculosis drugs are given to people free of charge. To do this, you need to register with an anti-tuberculosis dispensary.
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Antibiotic effective in treating tuberculosis
In the treatment of tuberculosis, the antibiotic rifampicin is mainly used constantly. It is strong, quite effective, has a powerful antibacterial effect. Before its appearance, tuberculosis was considered an incurable fatal disease, from which every third patient died. But today this remedy gives us the opportunity to overcome the disease.
But even in this case there is a problem: bacteria have managed to develop resistance to it. There are more and more cases in which the pathogen remains insensitive and treatment does not bring any results. In such a case, it is necessary to combine drugs, to look for effective combinations. Many doctors save themselves by prescribing rifampicin together with isoniazid. In such a combination, both the effectiveness of the drugs in terms of impact on the pathogen is enhanced, and its toxicity and the risk of side effects for the body increase.
The problem of resistance was partially solved by Indian scientists. Thus, they invented a new compound, which still has exceptional activity against pathogens - desmethylrifampicin. This drug was synthesized in a biochemical laboratory, it is a modification of traditional rifampicin. It has a more pronounced antibacterial effect against tuberculosis mycobacteria. To achieve this effect, scientists modernized the precursor of a drug for the treatment of tuberculosis infection. The development was carried out using molecular genetic and biochemical methods. So far, bacteria have not managed to develop resistance to this compound, so today desmethylrifampicin can be considered the most effective drug against tuberculosis. But the problem is that the drug has not yet entered industrial production. It was obtained only in laboratory conditions, but in order for it to become available to people, it is necessary to undergo a series of preclinical and clinical studies.
Sensitivity of tuberculosis to antibiotics
The problem of sensitivity and its constant decrease is one of the most pressing issues in modern phthisiology and pulmonology. Tuberculosis can be treated with antibiotics. At the same time, the appearance of a new drug is always effective at first, but over time, the pathogen develops resistance to it, and the antibiotic stops working.
The development of resistance is a natural mechanism of adaptation of a microorganism to changing conditions. The causative agents of tuberculosis – mycobacteria – are tiny microorganisms that are also constantly evolving and striving to survive and increase their own population. For this purpose, new mechanisms of adaptation to the action of antibiotics are constantly appearing.
The pharmaceutical industry, in turn, strives to study these mechanisms and overcome them. All new effective means overcome the mechanism of bacterial resistance. But over time, they develop new factors, and the antibiotic again becomes ineffective, which prompts pharmacists to further search for drugs.
The problem can be solved by combining several means. In order to accurately determine how effective an antibiotic will be, a preliminary antibiotic sensitivity test is performed. For this, biological material is taken from the patient for testing, which presumably contains pathogens. In case of pulmonary tuberculosis, swabs from the surface of the nasopharynx and pharynx are most often taken. Endotracheal or alveolar secretion, sputum, which is collected by puncture, may be required. Most often, the patient is simply asked to collect a morning portion of sputum in a Petri dish and bring it for testing.
The material to be studied is then transferred to a nutrient medium, growth factors are added and the mixture is placed in a thermostat under optimal conditions for the growth of the microorganism. It grows very slowly, even with the addition of growth factors. On average, it takes about a month to grow a sufficient number of microorganisms for further study. The growth of the microorganisms is checked every week.
Upon reaching the required growth rates, microorganisms are identified by conducting a series of immunological and biochemical tests. The data obtained are compared with the Bergey identifier, which allows for the precise determination of the genus and species of the microorganism.
After this, they begin to study the sensitivity to various antibiotics. The most common method is the disk diffusion method, in which paper disks soaked in an antibiotic are placed on a Petri dish with a microorganism. Then they cover it with a lid and incubate for at least another week. After this, the results are evaluated. The sensitivity of bacteria to an antibiotic can be discussed if a zone of bacterial growth inhibition appears around the disk with the antibiotic. The diameter is measured using a regular ruler or special tools. After this, the degree of sensitivity is judged by the diameter of the inhibition zone. The higher the sensitivity, the larger the diameter of the inhibition zone.
Then, using the decimal dilution method, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the antibiotic is estimated, at which the bacteria still retains sensitivity. That is, a series of successive dilutions of the antibiotic with a physiological solution is made, at which each subsequent concentration is 10 times lower than the previous one. The concentration, upon addition of which growth is still delayed, at least minimally, is considered the MIC - the minimum inhibitory concentration at which the antibiotic still remains effective.
The most effective concentration that maximally inhibits the growth of microorganisms or completely stops it is determined by the zone of maximum growth inhibition, the largest one. Based on these results, the necessary concentration of the substance is determined that will suppress the growth of microorganisms and cure the disease.
An allowance is always made for the fact that the result was obtained in laboratory conditions, which are considered ideal. Optimal conditions have been created for the microorganism, and there is a constant source of nutrients. The action of the antibiotic is also not limited by anything.
When entering the body, such conditions will not exist. The microorganism will be exposed to immune factors and must seek defense mechanisms. The antibiotic is partially neutralized, starting from entering the oral cavity, under the action of saliva. Then it dissolves in the stomach. It also undergoes transformation under the action of enzymes, gastric juice, hydrochloric acid. Part of the active substance is lost during absorption through the walls of the gastrointestinal tract.
When entering the blood, the antibiotic is also perceived by the cells of the immune system as a foreign agent and is subject to neutralizing effects from lymphocytes, neutrophils, and other factors of immune defense.
Thus, penetrating the source of infection, the final concentration is significantly reduced. Therefore, it is not surprising that the dosage should significantly exceed the results obtained in the laboratory study. How much to increase the concentration in each specific case is decided by the doctor individually. Everything depends on the severity of the disease, the current condition of the patient, concomitant diseases and aggravating factors. The doctor relies on the results of laboratory tests, as well as the results of the survey and examination of the patient.
Indications antibiotics for tuberculosis
Antibiotics are used in the open form of tuberculosis, in its latent course, and also in the presence of objective signs indicating tuberculosis infection. In this case, confirmation is required: a positive Mantoux reaction in a child with repeated testing, the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a smear or sputum of the patient, which is the causative agent of the disease.
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Release form
Antibiotics are available as tablets or capsules for oral administration. Different antibiotics contain different concentrations of the drug. Antibiotics are also available in ampoules with contents for injections and in vials for intravenous infusions.
Names
There are not many drugs that are highly effective in the treatment of mycobacteria. All of them can be divided into three groups: isoniazid and its analogues, artificially synthesized substances combined into various chemical groups, antibiotics. Well-known antibiotics used in anti-tuberculosis therapy: streptomycin, rifampicin, cycloserine, rifabutin, kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin.
Rifampicin
An antibiotic that belongs to the broad-spectrum drugs, affects the main and accompanying microflora. It is characterized by a high ability to be absorbed through the walls of the intestinal cavity. They penetrate into the blood fairly quickly, after which they are carried throughout the body, enter the organs to which they are tropic and exert their main effect there. A lot of rifampicin can be found in inflamed lung tissue, since it has a high tropism for lung tissue, as well as in the pleural cavity. A certain amount is contained in the bronchi, easily gets inside the lung and even the pleura, exerting an increased effect. It is able to penetrate the alveoli, accumulates in the intermembranous space of the pleura. A large amount of the active substance is in the caverns filled with dead lung tissue. They begin to act when the required concentration has accumulated, so you should never reduce the dose on your own. This can lead to the development of resistance in bacteria. It works for 12 hours, after which the drug must be administered again. In case of high sensitivity of mycobacteria (which are quite rare), it is effective for 24 hours.
The disadvantage of the drug is that resistance to it develops quite quickly, and it ceases to be effective. It is effective in the treatment of pleurisy, infectious processes in the respiratory tract, nasopharynx, pharynx. It is also recommended for use in severe infectious processes in other areas of the body. For example, the drug has proven itself quite well in meningitis, osteomyelitis, urinary tract infections. It can be used to eliminate those pathogens that are sensitive to it.
Taken orally, approximately 30-40 minutes before meals, on an empty stomach. Adults can be administered the drug intravenously. The exact dosage depends on the person's weight. Can be prescribed to children over three years old. It is generally recommended to take the drugs orally, since they are administered intravenously only in an emergency or with severe progression of the disease. It is administered intravenously mainly for sepsis and other purulent-inflammatory diseases that tend to progress.
Also quite effective is treatment in combination with immunostimulants. These drugs increase the body's natural defenses by stimulating the immune system. As a result, the immune system acts as another factor that suppresses bacterial growth by natural methods. In combination with antibiotics, bacteria can be overcome, resulting in recovery.
Treatment should never be carried out independently. It should be carried out under strict medical supervision. If necessary, you will need to take control tests that will allow you to assess the dynamics of recovery and, if necessary, make the necessary adjustments.
The drug has numerous side effects. But you can't not take it, because without treatment, a person will die from a tuberculosis infection much faster than from any complications. In addition, you can always try to reduce the risk, minimize losses and complications.
Allergic reactions are possible, the severity of which varies widely: from mild irritation to severe anaphylactic shock. The most severe can be gastrointestinal lesions, dysfunctions and dyspepsia. It is very toxic, and its main amount accumulates in the liver and kidneys. It is important to donate blood regularly, this will allow timely detection of such disorders as neutrophilia, leukopenia, complete shift of the formula. It is also necessary to observe many nuances. So, if the drug is administered too quickly, inflammation of the vein and a sharp decrease in blood pressure are possible.
It should be taken with caution if you are prone to thrombosis, as it reduces the effect of anticoagulants that prevent blood clotting. It also reduces the effect of antiglucotic drugs, so people prone to diabetes should be careful. Absolute contraindications are hypoxia, pregnancy, and liver problems.
Antibiotics for the prevention of tuberculosis
Taking antibiotics for prevention is contraindicated. The exceptions are postoperative periods and some time after organ transplantation. This is due to the fact that during this period the immune system is weakened and the body remains defenseless against any infection. Taking antibiotics for prevention, without need, will lead to the development of resistance in microorganisms and the occurrence of side effects. In addition, anti-tuberculosis antibiotics are too toxic to be taken for preventive purposes. They are prescribed exclusively for therapeutic purposes.
To prevent tuberculosis, preventive vaccinations are carried out. The first vaccination - BCG is given to a child in the maternity hospital, in the first few days after birth. Then, planned revaccinations are carried out in accordance with the vaccination calendar. For prevention, it is also useful to maintain a high level of immunity. For this purpose, you need to get a consultation with an immunologist who, if necessary, will select the best means: interferons, immunoglobulins, gamma globulins and others.
And naturally, the most reliable method of prevention is a balanced diet, sufficient amount of vitamins in food, a healthy lifestyle, and sports. Breathing exercises are important.
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Antibiotics for pulmonary tuberculosis
The first and main antibiotic used when tuberculosis is detected is rifampicin. Almost all doctors prescribe it. But there are cases when it is contraindicated or resistance has developed to it. In such cases, alternative options are used.
Capastat, an antibiotic isolated from strains of streptomycetes fungi, has proven itself well. But recently, cases of cross-reaction with such drugs as capreomycin, florimycin, kanamycin, neomycin have begun to be registered. That is, if the pathogen is resistant to one of these drugs, it is likely that it will also be resistant to capastat.
Used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis. Effective if the disease is caused by Koch's bacillus. It is advisable to first conduct an antibiotic sensitivity test, but in practice this is not always done. Firstly, this is explained by the fact that the test takes a long time (at least a month). Often, the doctor does not have that much time, since the person needs urgent treatment, without which he will die before the test is ready.
During the drug intake, it is necessary to monitor the functional state of the kidneys, and also regularly conduct otometry, during which the patient's hearing is checked. This is due to the fact that it has an ototoxic effect, that is, it significantly reduces hearing. Hypokalemia may develop, which implies a decrease in the level of potassium in the blood. This indicator must be constantly monitored, since it is the most important component of the general biochemical cycle.
Tibinex consists of two antibiotics - rifampicin and isoniazid, which have a tuberculocidal effect. Rifampicin inhibits RNA synthesis in microorganisms, preventing their further reproduction. Isoniazid inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, which act as the most important components of the biochemical cycle, supporting the vital activity of the pathogen. Resistance in mycobacteria is extremely rare.
Tricox is a drug that contains rifimpicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. It has a bactericidal effect, completely destroying bacteria. Due to the simultaneous action of three multidirectional components, resistance develops extremely rarely.
Pharmacodynamics
Depends on the method of administration of the drug. So, if administered orally, it is broken down in the stomach and absorbed. It becomes active after about 2 hours.
When administered intramuscularly, it enters the tissue fluid, from which it is then filtered by lymph during tissue metabolism. With this method, the drug appears in the blood after about 30 minutes.
With intravenous infusions, the maximum concentration in the blood is detected towards the end of the drug infusion.
Pharmacokinetics
After penetrating the blood, the drug is transported directly to the site of infection. It reacts with microorganisms. The mechanism of further interaction depends on the type of antibiotics.
Some of them suppress the synthesis of RNA or DNA, thereby preventing further reproduction of microorganisms. Others disrupt the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane, which leads to disruption of the main metabolic processes in the cell, disruption of the synthesis of essential proteins and the cell defense system. The bacteria also die. There are other mechanisms of action, but they are observed much less frequently.
Dosing and administration
Capastat is administered intramuscularly. It is important to administer it as deeply as possible. It should be taken with caution by patients prone to allergic reactions, especially if it is a drug-type allergy. The calculation is based on body weight. The drug should be prescribed only by a doctor, taking into account the individual anatomical and physiological characteristics of the body, as well as the characteristics of the course of the disease. Tuberculosis is treated for a long time, at least 1-2 years. Medicines should be taken with strict adherence to the treatment regimen, without violating it. Violation can cause further development of pathogen resistance to the drug, as well as numerous complications and side effects.
The dosage and administration of the drug can be adjusted depending on concomitant pathologies. For example, in case of severe kidney and liver diseases, a reduced dosage of the drug is prescribed. Longer intervals are made between doses. This allows reducing the load on these organs.
Tibinex is used to treat any form of tuberculosis. The dosage is calculated depending on the concentration of rifampicin in the drug. It is prescribed orally, once a day. Adults are prescribed 0.45-0.6 grams, depending on body weight, children - at a dosage of 0.01-0.015 grams per day. The daily dose should not exceed 0.6 grams. Take one hour before meals.
Tricox is taken similarly to Tibinex, once a day. The maximum daily dosage should not exceed 6 grams. The calculation is made in accordance with body weight.
Cycloserine is taken orally a few minutes before meals. Adults are recommended to take 0.25 grams three times a day. Elderly people over 65 years old - 0.25 grams twice a day. Children are recommended 0.01-0.02 grams per kilogram of body weight.
Use antibiotics for tuberculosis during pregnancy
Antibiotics are not recommended for pregnant women and during breastfeeding. But there are cases when it is impossible to avoid taking them, since the risk is too great for both the mother and the child. Tuberculosis is one of the serious diseases that requires taking medications as quickly as possible. Otherwise, there is a threat not only to the health, but also to the life of the mother and child.
Since all anti-tuberculosis drugs are highly toxic, cause severe side effects and complications, it is necessary to approach the selection of a drug that will cause a minimum of side effects with maximum efficiency especially carefully. It is recommended to prescribe drugs only after a preliminary antibiotic sensitivity test, which will allow to isolate the pathogen and select the most effective antibiotic for it, and determine its most effective dosage.
As for capastat, it has a minimum of contraindications, and could possibly be used during pregnancy. But its effect on pregnant women and newborns has not been studied. Since the drug has high nephrotoxicity, reduces hearing, causes complications in the ears, causes general intoxication of the body, it is advisable to avoid its use during pregnancy. It is better to look for a safer and more proven drug. In addition, it is recommended to use drugs that have been tested on pregnant women and children, since this will allow, if not to avoid side effects, then at least to predict them and take the necessary measures in time to treat and eliminate the complications and defects that have arisen.
Contraindications
Capastat has a minimum of side effects. It is contraindicated only in case of hypersensitivity to its components.
Tibinex is contraindicated in acute and chronic liver and kidney diseases. It should be taken with caution by people with eye diseases, since the drug has a toxic effect on the optic nerve.
Cycloserine is contraindicated in various disorders of nervous tissue, especially epilepsy, severe mental illnesses. It should also not be taken a week before planned operations and a week after them. People with kidney and liver diseases should take it with caution. It is better to take it only in a hospital setting. It should be given at home with extreme caution and after a preliminary test of tolerance.
Side effects antibiotics for tuberculosis
When taking capastat, numerous side effects are possible. Metabolic processes are disrupted, for example, the level of creatinine and urea in the blood plasma increases, a large number of leukocytes and erythrocytes appear in the urine, which indicates an acute inflammatory process in the kidney area. Poisoning and toxic nephritis are possible, in which the kidneys become inflamed and severe electrolyte disturbances occur. Many people develop inflammatory processes in the ear area, and hearing is also sharply reduced, which is explained by the ototoxicity of the drug.
Taking the drug significantly affects the blood. For example, the blood formula changes, leukopenia and eosinophilia develop sharply, which, accordingly, leads to a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood and a sharp increase in eosinophils. This indicates a sharp decrease in immunity, the body's defense mechanisms, against which there is an increase in the number of eosinophils, which indicates the progression of the infection and the further development of invasion and colonization of the lung tissue by mycobacteria. Severe pain, allergic reactions, rash, fever, increased bleeding, abscesses are possible.
Tibinex has many side effects. The neurotic effect is especially pronounced: it causes various neuritis, in which the nerves become inflamed. Most often, the optic nerve is subject to inflammation. Various mental disorders, neurological reactions, convulsions, spasms, hysterical attacks develop. Memory and attention may be impaired. Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting are often observed. Skin rashes, itching, burning are possible. Symptoms resembling a cold or flu gradually develop: the temperature rises, chills, fever appear.
Changes in blood composition occur: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia are possible. Orthostatic hypotension is possible, in which blood pressure drops sharply in a standing position. A pressure drop also occurs with a sharp change in position.
Tricox has side effects mainly on the liver. It is important to constantly monitor the level of uric acid in the blood plasma. It affects the optic nerve, causing its inflammation, possibly reducing vision. Dermatological diseases, various symptoms resembling a cold, neurological reactions are observed.
Cycloserine also affects mainly the nervous system. It can cause neurological reactions, headaches, dizziness. Some people experience drowsiness, while others, on the contrary, experience insomnia. Anxiety, irritability, and memory impairment often occur. In severe cases, hallucinations, panic attacks, epileptic seizures, and loss of consciousness are possible.
Overdose
An overdose can develop when a high dose of a drug enters the body at one time, or when the drug is taken for a long time. In any case, signs of severe intoxication develop.
Chills, fever, intestinal disorders appear, manifested in the form of vomiting, diarrhea. There is profuse sweating, rapid heartbeat, sharp headache. Blood pressure can increase or decrease sharply. The person can lose consciousness.
First aid should be provided as quickly as possible. First, you need to tell the dispatcher that the poisoning was caused by antibiotics for tuberculosis. If there is an antidote for the drug, you need to quickly administer it. For example, pyridoxine, or vitamin B, is the antidote for isoniazid. It is urgently administered intramuscularly. If there is no antidote, you need to induce vomiting and drink a large amount of water. Then you need to call an ambulance. Hospitalization is recommended for further treatment.
Interactions with other drugs
Rifampicin is recommended to be taken simultaneously in combination with other antibiotics, since resistance develops very quickly with monotherapy. It is well combined with such drugs as streptomycin, isoniazid, ethambutol. It is also combined with various second-line drugs, especially with ethionamine, pyrazinomid.
Capastat should not be combined with other anti-tuberculosis drugs that are administered through the gastrointestinal tract. Use with great caution in combination with other drugs (vancomycin, gentamicin, polymyxin, colimycin, amikacin, kanamycin), as ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity may increase. It is not recommended to combine with florimycin and streptomycin.
Attention!
To simplify the perception of information, this instruction for use of the drug "Treatment of tuberculosis with antibiotics" translated and presented in a special form on the basis of the official instructions for medical use of the drug. Before use read the annotation that came directly to medicines.
Description provided for informational purposes and is not a guide to self-healing. The need for this drug, the purpose of the treatment regimen, methods and dose of the drug is determined solely by the attending physician. Self-medication is dangerous for your health.