Tablets from lung cancer

Malignant lung damage comes from the epithelium of bronchial tubes of different caliber. Depending on the location of the localized central and peripheral cancer. Its treatment depends on the stage of detection, type and distribution characteristics. When choosing tablets, the doctor takes into account not only the characteristics of the disease, but also the state of the patient's body.

Medication therapy involves the use of large doses of various drugs. Most often it is prescribed in the early stages of small cell cancer. This is because this form is extremely aggressive. As antitumour agents use preparations of platinum, vinaalkaloids, fluorouracil, Adriamycin and others. Chemotherapy can be combined with radioactive irradiation. It must be performed before and after the surgical treatment. This stops active growth and reproduction of malignant cells.

Effective pills for lung cancer:

• Prednisolone is a glucocorticosteroid
• Carboplatin, Cyclophosphan - an antineoplastic substance
• Hydroxycarbamide is an antitumor agent

Most drugs cause side effects. For their relief, the patient is prescribed an antiemetic and a medicine for nausea.

The main feature of lung cancer is a pronounced musculoskeletal pain. Early and rapid metastasis requires effective analgesia. For these purposes, prescribe opioid drugs (Morphine, Tramadol, Promedol), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Indomethacin) and others. The use of these drugs should not be long, as they have blocking properties, so they can be addictive. In order to prevent drug dependence, the doctor periodically changes the basic set of anti-cancer drugs and methods of anesthesia.

Avastin

A humanized antitumor agent with monoclonal antibodies. Avastin reduces the risk of metastasis and progression of cancer. Pharmacological group of the drug - antitumor agents used to treat malignant neoplasms.

It is available in the form of concentrates for the preparation of infusion solutions of 100 mg / 4 ml and 400 mg / 16 ml. The composition of the agent includes the active substance - bevacizumab and auxiliary components - polysorbate, sodium hydrogen phosphate and dihydrogen phosphate, sterile water and α-trehalose dihydrate.

• Indications for use: lung cancer (non-small cell, recurrent, with metastases, inoperable), colorectal cancer, colorectal cancer with metastases, pancreatic tumors, malignant diseases in mammology with metastases, ovarian cancer, prostate, peritoneum, fallopian tube, kidney and their primary relapses.
• The solution is administered intravenously, strontaneously, painful infusions are contraindicated. The first dose is administered for 1, 5 hours, further procedures are reduced to half an hour-hour. Long-term therapy, if the disease progresses against its background, then the treatment is stopped. Consider the standard dosage for different types of cancer:
  • Lung cancer (non-small cell, recurrent, with metastases, inoperable) is 7.5-15 mg / kg, every 21 days.
  • Colorectal cancer with metastases (first and second line) is 5-7.5 mg / kg, every 14 or 21 days.
  • Malignant diseases in mammology with metastases - 10-15 mg / kg, every 14 or 21 days.
  • Hepatic-cell oncology - 10 mg / kg, every 14 days.
  • Epithelial cancer of the ovary and fallopian tube, primary peritoneal cancer, fallopian tube cancer (first line of therapy and metastasis) - 15 mg / kg, injections are given once every 21 days.
• Side effects: various infections, hemorrhages, perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea and constipation, dehydration of the body, hypertension, pulmonary hemorrhage, sepsis, rectal bleeding, hemoptysis, drowsiness, headaches, asthenia, stomatitis, leukopenia, myalgia, inflammation of the mucous membranes, anorexia, peripheral sensory neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, dry skin, vomiting, changes in taste, shortness of breath, lacrimation, stroke and much more.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to components, pregnancy (disrupts fetal angiogenesis) and lactation.

• Any interactions with other drugs should be agreed with the attending physician. With the simultaneous use of Avastin with platinum drugs, the risk of neutropenia, infectious complications increases and death is possible.
• Overdose: severe migraine attacks, aggravation of adverse reactions. To eliminate these reactions, symptomatic therapy is performed, there is no specific antidote.

Vials with Avastin concentrate should be stored at a temperature of 2-8 degrees, it is contraindicated to be frozen or shaken. Shelf life is 24 months.

[1], [2], [3], [4],

Taxotere

Antineoplastic agent, alkaloid, obtained by chemical semi-synthesis of yew European. Taxotere is responsible for the cumulation of tubulin in the cell nuclei, preventing the disintegration of tubulin tubes during the division of cancer cells. This provokes the death of malignant cells. The drug is intended for intravenous administration, 95% conjugated to plasma proteins.

The medicine is available in the form of an infusion solution in glass bottles of 200 and 500 ml. The solution has an oily consistency of yellow color. One bottle contains 40 mg of docetaxel trihydrate, auxiliary components are: water for injection, polysorbate, nitrogen and others.

• Indications for use: non-small cell lung cancer with metastases (in the absence of a positive effect from previous chemotherapy), malignant lesions of the breast, ovarian carcinoma, hormone-resistant forms of prostate cancer and their metastatic species.
• Method of application and dosage: treatment is carried out in a hospital. In lung cancer Taxotere is administered at 75 mg / m2 for 30 hours-half an hour, after preliminary infusion of cisplatin. If treatment with platinum drugs is ineffective, then Taxotere is used without additional drugs. For tumors of the mammary glands, 100 mg / m2 of the body area of the patient is prescribed. With a lesion of the prostate with metastases of 75 mg / m2. Infusion is performed every three weeks, the course of treatment is determined by the severity of the clinical response and the tolerability of the medication to patients.
• Side effects: most patients face headaches and dizziness, neutropenia, secondary infections, anemia. Possible stomatitis, diarrhea, pronounced dyspeptic syndrome, myalgia and alopecia. A month after the administration of the drug, peripheral puffiness appeared in some patients, caused by increased capillary permeability, arrhythmia, weight gain or anorexia.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to active substances, severe renal failure, neutropenia. It is not used during pregnancy and lactation. When treating women of childbearing age, patients should use contraceptives.
• Interaction with other drugs: Doxorubicin increases the clearance of tablets, ketoconazole, Erythromycin, Cyclosporin depress metabolism by cross-blocking cytochrome P450-3A.
• Overdose: there are symptoms of stomatitis, peripheral neuropathies, suppression of hemopoiesis. To eliminate them, symptomatic therapy and dynamic monitoring of body functions are shown.

Doxorubicin

An antitumor drug from the pharmacological group of anthracycline antibiotics. Doxorubicin has an action mechanism based on suppression of the synthesis of nucleic acids and DNA binding. Intended for intravenous administration, does not penetrate the BBB, is biotransformed in the liver, is excreted unchanged with bile.

• Indications for use: malignant lung lesions, soft tissue sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, lymphoblastic leukemia, neuroblastoma, bladder tumors, stomach, ovarian, thyroid and breast cancer, trophoblastic tumors, and lymphogranulomatosis. Dosage and duration of treatment are individual for each patient and depend on the indications for the use of the drug.
• Contraindications: anemia, diseases of the cardiovascular system, hepatitis, pregnancy and breastfeeding, thrombocytopenia, severe leukopenia. It is not used to treat patients with complete cumulative dosage of other anthracyclines or anthracenes.
• Side effects occur on the part of many organs and systems, but more often patients experience such reactions: anemia, leukopenia, heart failure, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, thrombocytopenia, stomatitis, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, amenorrhea, skin allergic reactions, a sharp increase in temperature, alopecia, nephropathy. Local reactions are also possible: tissue necrosis, vascular sclerosis.
• With special care, the drug is prescribed for patients with chicken pox, cardiovascular disease in history, herpes zoster and other infectious diseases. Doxorubicin can cause urine to turn red during the first days of treatment.

[5], [6], [7]

Erlotinib

Antitumor agent, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor HER1 / EGFR. Erlotinib is released in the form of tablets, with the active substance erlotinib. After oral administration, the drug is rapidly absorbed, the maximum concentration in the blood plasma is reached after 4 hours, bioavailability of 59% (increases with food intake). It is excreted with feces and urine.

• Indications for use: metastatic non-small cell and locally advanced lung cancer (can be used after previous unsuccessful chemotherapy regimens), metastatic and locally advanced inoperable pancreatic tumors (used in combination with Gemcitabine).
• Dosing and Administration: The tablet is taken 1 time per day, one hour before meals or 2 hours after. With lung lesions, 150 mg are prescribed daily, for an extended period of time. With pancreatic cancer, 100 mg in combination with gemcitabine. If the drug causes symptoms of disease progression, then the treatment is stopped.
• Contraindications: pregnancy and lactation, hypersensitivity to the active ingredient and other components of the tablets. With special care is prescribed for the treatment of patients under 18 years of age and with a violation of liver function.
• Side effects: gastrointestinal bleeding, violations of the liver, stomatitis, diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain. On the part of the respiratory system, such reactions are possible - shortness of breath, nosebleeds, coughing, lung infiltration, fibrosis. On the part of the organs of vision - conjunctivitis, increased lacrimation. Also, attacks of head pain, dry skin, itching, skin allergic reactions.
• Overdose is possible with higher doses. Unfavorable symptoms are most often manifested in the form of dermatological reactions, diarrhea, increased activity of hepatic transaminases. For their treatment, it is necessary to stop taking the drug and carry out symptomatic therapy.

If Erlotinib is used with ketoconazole and other inhibitors of the CYP3A4 isoenzyme, a decrease in the metabolism of the anticancer agent and an increase in its concentration in the blood plasma are observed. Rifampicin increases the metabolism of the main drug and reduces its concentration in the blood plasma. When interacting with coumarin derivatives and Warfarin, gastrointestinal bleeding occurs, an increase in INR.

[8], [9], [10],

Afatinib

Protein kinase inhibitor, an effective antitumor agent. Afatinib is a selective, irreversible blocker of protein-tyrosine kinase receptors. After using the inside quickly and completely absorbed, eating does not affect its concentration in the blood plasma. Metabolic reactions are catalyzed by enzymes, excreted in urine and feces.

• Indications for use: monotherapy of locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with mutations of epidermal growth receptors. Dosage depends on the stage of the pathological process. With standard therapy, take 40 mg of Afatinib 1 time per day, the maximum daily dose - 50 mg. Tablets should be taken one hour before meals or 3 hours after eating.
• Contraindications: intolerance of the components of the drug, severe violations of the liver, pregnancy and lactation, the age of patients under 18 years. With special care is used for keratitis (ulcerative), interstitial lung disease, heart pathology, galactose intolerance, severe dry eyes.
• Side effects: most often patients face violations of taste sensitivity, conjunctivitis, nosebleeds, stomatitis. There may be attacks of nausea and vomiting, constipation, increased bilirubin, liver failure, skin allergic reactions, muscle spasms, various infections.
• Overdosing occurs when the dosage prescribed by the doctor is exceeded. Most often, patients face gastrointestinal disorders, skin allergic rashes, headaches and dizziness, nausea and vomiting, increased levels of amylase. There is no specific antidote, therefore symptomatic therapy and drug withdrawal are indicated.

[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]

Crysotinib

Cryotinib is an inhibitor of growth factor receptors of hepatocytes. Has selective inhibitory activity, induces apoptosis of malignant cells. The anti-cancer effect is dose-dependent and is associated with the severity of pharmacological inhibition. The drug is available in capsules, with the active substance - krizotinib 200 mg.

After a single dose on an empty stomach, the maximum concentration in the blood plasma is reached after 4-6 hours. Bioavailability of 43%, metabolizes with isoenzymes CYP3A4 / 5, is excreted in urine and feces.

• Indications: Common non-small cell lung cancer expressing anaplastic lymphoma kinase. Tablets are taken orally by washing with water. The recommended standard dosage is 250 mg twice daily. The course of treatment is long, until positive results of therapy are obtained. If necessary, the doctor adjusts the dosage.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the remedy, violations of the function of the liver and kidneys, pregnancy and lactation, the age of patients under 18 years. It is not used simultaneously with the powerful inducers of the CYP3A enzyme. With special care is prescribed for patients with cardiovascular disease, for elderly patients and electrolyte balance disorders.
• Side effects are manifested by a number of adverse symptoms on the part of many organs and systems. Most often, patients complain of bouts of nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, increased swelling and fatigue. There may also be bouts of bradycardia, impaired vision, neutropenia, decreased appetite, skin allergic reactions, upper respiratory tract infections and urinary system. Overdose has similar symptoms. There is no specific antidote, so symptomatic therapy and gastric lavage are indicated.

[18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]

Ceritinib

Tablet antitumor drug with active ingredient - cerithinib, auxiliary components: magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, titanium dioxide and others. After entering the body, the active component finds cancer cells and destroys the mutagenic protein, preventing damage to healthy tissue and tumor growth.

The maximum concentration in the blood plasma is reached in 4-6 hours after application. If the drug is used 2 hours after a meal, then its effect on the body increases, and the risk of adverse reactions decreases. It is excreted 41 hours after application, with urine and feces.

• Indications for use: non-small cell lung cancer with positive anaplastic lymphoma of the kinase. Can be used as a monotherapy in the inefficiency of previously used drugs.
• Dosage and administration: tablets are taken only for medical purposes. The standard dose is 750 mg per day, two hours before meals or two hours after. Capsules can not be chewed, swallowed whole, washed down with water. The course of treatment lasts until there are signs of a retreat of cancer.
• Contraindications: individual intolerance of the components of the drug, the age of patients under 18 years of age, pregnancy and lactation.
• Adverse reactions: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headaches and dizziness, increased urination, increased blood sugar, bradycardia, decreased appetite, dermatological reactions (itching, burning, rashes).

[26], [27], [28], [29],