Blood cancer pills

The concept of blood cancer implies malignant lesions of the hematopoietic and lymphatic systems, bone marrow. There are three main types of oncology for which blood cancer pills are used, let's consider them:

• Leukemia - cancer cells affect the blood and bone marrow. The main symptom of the disease is the rapid accumulation of leukocytes (altered white blood cells). An increase in their number leads to the body losing the ability to fight infections and produce platelets and red blood cells.
• Lymphoma is a lesion of the lymphatic system, which is responsible for removing excess fluid from the body and the formation of immune cells. Lymphocytes prevent infection of the body, if they undergo pathological changes, they disrupt the immune system. Altered white blood cells are transformed into lymphoma cells, accumulating in tissues and lymph nodes.
• Myeloma is a disease of the plasma cells responsible for producing antibodies to infectious and disease-causing irritants. This cancer gradually weakens the body, undermining the immune system.

The true causes of malignant transformation are unknown, but there are a number of factors that provoke the disease. These can be genetic diseases, viruses, exposure to radiation or harmful substances, and much more.

Stages of blood cancer, taking into account the degree of penetration into organs and tissues, the presence of metastases, and the size of the tumor:

1. The first is the transformation of healthy cells into cancerous ones.
2. The second is that malignant cells accumulate, forming neoplastic tissue.
3. The third is the active movement of affected cells throughout the body with the blood and lymph flow, the formation of metastases.
4. The fourth is metastasis to many organs and tissues. The prognosis is unfavorable.

The success of treatment depends on timely diagnosis. Patients are prescribed chemotherapy drugs, antiviral drugs, antibiotics, hormones, corticosteroids and immunostimulants.

Idelalsib

A targeted inhibitor of inositol triphosphokinase delta for the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas and other blood disorders. Idelalsib can be used as monotherapy and combination therapy for diseases such as:

• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its relapses. Can be combined with Rituximab for the treatment of patients who have previously received monotherapy with this drug.
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and its relapses.
• Follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
• Small cell lymphocytic lymphoma.

The drug is taken at 150 mg per day, divided into several doses. The number of cycles and frequency of use is determined by the doctor, individually for each patient. Contraindicated for use in case of intolerance to the components of the drug. Side effects are manifested by a standard set of symptoms: nausea, vomiting, headaches and dizziness, skin allergic reactions, etc. There are no cases of overdose, since the drug is still in the research mode.

Rituximab

Antitumor drug - a chimeric monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to the transmembrane antigen CD20. Rituximab is an antigen that is located on mature B-lymphocytes and pre-B-lymphocytes, but is absent from healthy plasma cells and tissues, on hematopoietic stem cells.

The active substance binds to the CD20 antigen on B-lymphocytes and causes immunological reactions associated with the dissolution of B-cells. The drug increases the reactive sensitivity of B-cell lymphoma cells to chemotherapy drugs and their cytotoxic effect.

• Indications for use: CD20-positive low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, relapsed, chemotherapy-resistant B-cell. Combination therapy of CD20-positive diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
• The dosage is determined individually for each patient and depends on the doctor’s indications, the stage of the disease, the treatment regimen and the general condition of the hematopoietic system.
• Contraindicated for use in cases of intolerance to rituximab and hypersensitivity to mouse proteins. Use during pregnancy is possible when the benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. The drug is prescribed with caution to patients with lung lesions, at risk of bronchospasm, with a neutrophil count of less than 1500/μl and platelets less than 75,000/μl.
• Side effects occur in many organs and systems. Most often, patients experience the following reactions: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, taste disturbances, headaches and dizziness, paresthesia, severe thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, leukopenia, cardiovascular diseases, bone pain and muscle pain, increased sweating, dry skin, fever and chills.

Ibrutinib

A pharmacological agent used to treat malignant lesions of the hematopoietic system. Ibrutinib is a white solid substance, easily soluble in methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, but practically insoluble in water. The drug is a low-molecular inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. Inhibits the proliferation of malignant cells and their survival.

When taken orally, it is rapidly absorbed. Food intake does not affect absorption processes, but increases the concentration of ibrutinib by 2 times, compared with taking on an empty stomach. Binding to plasma proteins is 97%. Metabolized by the CYP3A4/5 isoform of cytochrome P450 to form a dihydrodiol metabolite. Excreted in urine and feces.

• Application: refractory, recurrent mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Used as a first-line therapy. Tablets are taken orally with water. The recommended dose for lymphoma is 560 ml once a day, for chronic lymphocytic leukemia - 420 mg per day.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to components, patients under 18 years of age, dialysis, severe renal dysfunction, pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is prescribed with special caution to patients using anticoagulants or drugs that inhibit platelet function.
• Side effects and overdose symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea/constipation, headaches and dizziness, cardiovascular disorders, skin allergic reactions, etc. There is no specific antidote, so symptomatic therapy and monitoring of vital functions are indicated.

Neulotiniv

An experimental drug, the effectiveness of which has been confirmed by 40% of recovered patients suffering from various forms of blood cancer. Neulotiniv is a worthy alternative to painful chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation. It has a minimum of contraindications and practically no side effects. Its cost is lower than a course of stem cell transplantation, which makes blood cancer treatment more accessible.

Neulotiniv is the result of development by Israeli doctors. Its experimental studies were conducted at the Sheba Clinic. The drug improves the well-being of patients for three months from the date of the start of therapy, destroying damaged chromosomes that cause an increased level of white blood cells. In the near future, the drug will receive approval from the Israeli Ministry of Health and will be delivered to hospitals around the world.