Sodium iodide (131I) for injection

The international name of this drug is Sodium iodide (131I), it is produced by the National Center for Nuclear Research (Poland). In our country, it is known as sodium iodide (131I) for injection, an effective drug used to scan and treat tumors. The active substance of the drug is sodium chloride (131I).

Decreasing the quality of the environment, deteriorating the immune system of the body of most people - all this is the least conducive to good health. And, primarily, the negative effects "hit" the weakest place in the body. Often - it's the thyroid gland. Sodium iodide (131I) for injection is a reliable aid in the diagnosis and therapy of the pathology of thyroid gland elements. 

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Indications Sodium iodide (131I) for injection

This drug was specially developed by scientists and pharmacists. Indications for use Sodium iodide (131I) for injection is quite specific.

• This is help in the sequential viewing of thyroid gland elements.
• The possibility of obtaining images of organs and tissue structure of the patient, using a gamma camera that registers radiation emitted by an incorporated radionuclide (thyroid scintigraphy).
• Treatment of thyrotoxicosis or hyperthyroidism (an increased amount of hormones produced by the thyroid gland in the body of the patient).
• Kupirovanie malignant neoplasms, including in the presence of metostazirovaniya.
• Therapeutic therapy for anatomical goiter.
• Preventive measures to prevent a string that develops against a background of strong radioactivity.
• Cupping of symptoms in the case of bronchial asthma.
• As part of a comprehensive treatment for syphilis therapy.
• In the case of cataracts, fungal lesions of the ocular cornea.

[3], [4]

Release form

The Polish Research Center produces sodium iodide for the manufacture of solutions, which are then used for treatment. The form of the preparation is a slightly salty powder of white color, with a fine dispersion structure. Packed it in 15 ml bottles. Another form of release is a clear, colorless solution, sealed in 10 ml ampoules. The total package of the preparation meets all the requirements for transportation of radioactive substances No. 1.

The developed powder differs excellent solubility, as in water, and alcohol or glycerin.

Pharmacodynamics

Sample cumulation Sodium iodide (131I) in the thyroid gland allows the specialist not only to use the drug to determine the state of the patient's thyroid glands, to visualize their anatomical features, to scan the organ organically, but also for the therapeutic treatment of certain diseases, including cancer pathology, aggravated by metastasis. Pharmacodynamics Iodide sodium (131I) for injection allows direct effects on hormone synthesis. And if more specifically, it slows down the process of formation in the hypophyseal zone of a thyroid-stimulating hormone. Accordingly, sodium iodide (131I) directly affects the synthetics of the thyroid gland. 

The medicinal product has antiseptic and proteolytic characteristics. Sodium iodide blocks cumulation in the goiter of radioactive iodine, protecting the body from radiation effects.

[5], [6]

Pharmacokinetics

To carry out the necessary measures or as a medical medicine, sodium iodide is taken on an empty stomach. Powder of the drug is diluted in 25-30 ml of special sterile medical water (mostly used distilled liquid). Pharmacokinetics Sodium iodide (131I) for injection shows a sufficiently high rate of absorption and entry into the blood of the patient. The primary site for the accumulation of 131I isotopes is the thyroid gland. In this case, T1 / 2 is only eight to ten minutes. The kinetic sequence of absorption averages: after two hours - 14%, four hours after entering the body - 19%, and after a day - 27% of the administered amount of the drug.

Predominantly, the drug is excreted from the patient's body in conjunction with urine and calves. During the day, the body systems utilize up to 60% of the drug. Pharmacokinetics Sodium iodide (131I) for injection largely depends on the value of the accumulation values, the rate of excretion of the drug from organs and tissues, depends on the age and sex of the patient, as well as on the functional state of the thyroid gland.

[7], [8], [9], [10]

Dosing and administration

Medicinal preparation Sodium iodide (131I), available in the form of a solution, is intended for administration to a vein. The way of application and dose directly depends on the result to be obtained. The level of normal working capacity of the thyroid gland is assessed on the basis of its iodine-accumulating capabilities. The indicator activity is assumed to be equal to 37 to 148 kBq. In the case of therapeutic diagnosis, which includes scintigraphy and scanning, this figure is indicated by a figure of 1.5 MBq (1500kBk) administered to the patient one day before the estimated time of the study. If the oncologist suggests the presence of metastases, then the indicator activity increases twofold and is 3 MBq (or 3000kBk).

In the case of diagnosing pathological changes, especially a malignant tumor with metastases, the therapeutic dose of activity is selected very carefully and individually in each specific case. Only a highly qualified specialist is able to conduct a meticulous dosimetry study on the selection of a quantitative component capable of giving the maximum radiation to a particular affected tissue site, while minimizing the effect of this radiation on other organs and systems of the patient's body in order to whistle to a minimum the percentage of complications arising.

To assess the functional state of goiter can be due to the quantitative component of the drug, accumulated in the plasma through the control time after administration. The average norm is if a couple of hours after ingestion of sodium iodide (131I) in the body, in his blood will reveal 14% of the administered dose. After four hours, this indicator should be close to 19%, and in a day - to approach 27%.

The level of functionality of the physician is also estimated by the number of iodine ions bound to the blood protein. For this evaluation, 48 hours after the administration, up to ten milliliters of blood is taken from the vein at the elbow fold, allowing it to be further processed. The normal index of protein bound sodium iodide should not exceed 0.3% / l.

The radiometry of the general state of the human body is also carried out. In the absence of pathology, the concentration of 131I (not counting the level in the thyroid gland) in the blood of a person after the day should be in the range of 10 to 25%, after three days from 1.5 to 9.7%, and, after eight days, this the indicator should vary in figures from two to twelve percent.

In the case of therapeutic therapy for malignant tumors of the thyroid gland, weighed down by metastases, the procedure is repeated once in three months. But before each procedure, there is necessarily a comprehensive study of the iodine-absorbing activity of metastatic cells and tissues.
 

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Use Sodium iodide (131I) for injection during pregnancy

Conducted clinical studies and monitoring of typical situations are unequivocal in their decision - the use of sodium iodide (131I) for injections during pregnancy is strictly contraindicated, since the increased radiation background negatively affects the developing fetus. There is a high probability of such an orientation in the actions of the drug-the birth of a baby with significant deviations both physically and psychologically. That is, a child can already be born an invalid. A high percentage of risk is a frozen pregnancy or spontaneous miscarriage.

Contraindications

This drug is aggressive enough. Therefore, there are significant contraindications to the use of sodium iodide (131I) for injection.

• Increased sensitivity of the patient's body to iodine derivatives.
• Thyrotoxic adenoma (a pathology characterized by an increased amount of thyroid hormones in the blood plasma).
• Goiter of different localization: euthyroid, mixed toxic, retrosternal, nodal.
• Acute form of peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum.
• Hives.
• The initial stage of thyrotoxicosis.
• Renal dysfunction.
• Pathological changes in the blood formula: thrombocytopoiesis, hemopoiesis, leukopoiesis.
• Tuberculosis.
• Intensive symptomatology of hemorrhagic syndrome.
• Period of bearing the baby.
• Lactation.
• Contraindicated in the use of sodium iodide (131I) for injection to patients under the age of 20.
• Acne rash and other inflammatory manifestations on the skin.

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Side effects Sodium iodide (131I) for injection

Any chemical compound can provoke a response from the body. Side effects of sodium iodide (131I) for injection can be reduced:

• To the appearance of a cold.
• Skin rashes of an allergic nature.
• The appearance and progression of inflammation on the oral mucosa, nasal passages, the eye's shell, as well as the respiratory system.
• In very rare cases, angioedema may occur.

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Overdose

It is necessary to approach cautiously to the injected dose of the drug in question, its overdose can cause:

• Symptoms of iodism.
• Tachycardia.
• The appearance of increased sensitivity to daylight.
• Sleep disturbances.
• Irritability.
• The growth of body temperature.
• Manifestation of hypothyroidism.
• Inhibition of normal operation of bone marrow cells.
• Nausea may appear.
• Rarely enough, but there are vomiting.
• There may be a pain symptomatology behind the sternum.
• Manifestations of an allergic reaction to the drug.

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Interactions with other drugs

There are drugs that "do not make friends" with iodine derivatives. Therefore, in order not to harm the patient, it is necessary to know the peculiarities of the interaction of sodium iodide (131I) for injections with other drugs.

Categorically, do not take sodium iodide (131I) together with drugs that are based on nitrogen compounds, alkaloid salts, and salicylates .

With the integrated administration of iodine and perchlorates or chlorates, or thiocyanates, or bromides, or iodates , which are similar in effect, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics sodium iodide (131I) is somewhat inhibited.

Methimazole (Tapazole), glucocorticoids, PTU and progesterone are also able to lower the ability of iodine to be absorbed by the patient's body. And thyrotropin, on the contrary, helps to increase iodine levels. Oppress this indicator and the substances used as radiocontrast chemical compounds.

Before combining two or more drugs, the doctor must carefully read the patient's anamnesis, ask about his medications and make an adjustment. It is necessary to strictly follow the terms of cancellation without missing them.
Do not mix sodium iodide in one container with other drugs.

Storage conditions

This drug belongs to radiation sources, therefore the storage conditions for sodium iodide (131I) for injections should be clearly maintained within the rules that are adopted for the preservation of ionizing radiation and radioactive sources. Do not open the package, keep it at a temperature not exceeding 25 ^о С.

[22],

Shelf life

After manufacturing, the drug meets all the necessary therapeutic parameters for one year. The expiry date of the medicinal product must be indicated on the package. The final period of use is not recommended (strictly prohibited).

[23], [24],