Sodium iodide (131I) for injection

The international name of this drug is Sodium iodide (131I), it is produced by the National Center for Nuclear Research (Poland). In our country it is known as Sodium iodide (131I) for injections - an effective drug used for scanning and therapy of tumor neoplasms. The active substance of the drug is sodium chloride (131I).

Decreased environmental quality, deterioration of the immune defense of the body of most people - all this least of all contributes to good human health. And, primarily, negative effects "hit" the weakest point in the body. Often - this is the thyroid gland. Sodium iodide (131I) for injections is a reliable aid in the diagnosis and therapy of pathology of the thyroid elements.

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Indications Sodium iodide (131I) for injection

The drug in question was specially developed by scientists and pharmacists. Indications for the use of Sodium Iodide (131I) for injections are quite specific.

• This is an aid in viewing the thyroid gland elements sequentially.
• The ability to obtain images of the patient's organs and tissue structure using a gamma camera that records the radiation emitted by the incorporated radionuclide (thyroid scintigraphy).
• Treatment of thyrotoxicosis or hyperthyroidism (increased amount of hormones produced by the thyroid gland in the patient's body).
• Treatment of malignant neoplasms, including those with metastases.
• Therapeutic therapy for anatomical goiter.
• Preventive measures to prevent goiter developing against the background of strong radioactivity.
• Relief of symptoms in case of bronchial asthma.
• As part of complex treatment for syphilis.
• In case of cataract, fungal infection of the cornea.

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Release form

The Polish Research Center produces sodium iodide for the preparation of solutions, which are then used for treatment. The drug comes in a slightly salty white powder with a finely dispersed structure. It is packaged in 15 ml bottles. Another form of release is a transparent, colorless solution sealed in 10 ml ampoules. The general packaging of the drug meets all the requirements for the transportation of radioactive substances No. 1.

The developed powder is characterized by excellent solubility both in water and in alcohol or glycerin.

Pharmacodynamics

Selective accumulation of sodium iodide (131I) in the thyroid gland allows a specialist not only to use the drug to determine the condition of the patient's thyroid glands, visualize their anatomical features, element-by-element scanning of the organ, but also for the therapeutic treatment of certain diseases, including cancer pathology aggravated by metastasis. Pharmacodynamics of sodium iodide (131I) for injections allows for a direct effect on hormonal synthesis. More specifically, it slows down the process of formation of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the pituitary zone. Accordingly, sodium iodide (131I) directly affects the synthetic work of the thyroid glands.

The drug has antiseptic and proteolytic properties. Sodium iodide blocks the accumulation of radioactive iodine in the goiter, protecting the body from radiation exposure.

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Pharmacokinetics

To carry out the necessary measures or as a medicinal drug, sodium iodide is taken on an empty stomach. The powder of the drug is diluted in 25-30 ml of special sterile medical water (distilled liquid is mostly used). Pharmacokinetics Sodium iodide (131I) for injections shows a fairly high rate of absorption and entry into the patient's blood. The predominant place of accumulation of iodine isotopes 131I is the thyroid gland. At the same time, T1 / 2 is only eight to ten minutes. The kinetic sequence of absorption is average: after two hours - 14%, four hours after entering the body - 19%, and after a day - 27% of the administered amount of the drug.

The drug is mainly excreted from the patient's body together with urine and feces. During the day, the body's systems utilize up to 60% of the drug. The pharmacokinetics of sodium iodide (131I) for injection largely depends on the accumulation values, the rate of drug excretion from organs and tissues, the patient's age and gender, as well as the functional state of the thyroid gland.

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Dosing and administration

The drug Sodium Iodide (131I), produced in the form of a solution, is intended for intravenous administration. The method of administration and doses directly depend on the desired result. The level of normal thyroid function is assessed based on its iodine-accumulating capabilities. In this case, the indicator activity is taken to be from 37 to 148 kBq. In the case of therapeutic diagnostics, which includes scintigraphy and scanning, this indicator is indicated by the figure of 1.5 MBq (1500 kBq), administered to the patient one day before the expected time of the study. If the oncologist suspects the presence of metastases, the indicator activity doubles and is 3 MBq (or 3000 kBq).

In case of diagnosing pathological changes, especially malignant tumors with metastases, the therapeutic dose of activity is selected very carefully and individually in each specific case. Only a highly qualified specialist is able to conduct a scrupulous dosimetric study to select a quantitative component that can provide maximum radiation to a specific affected area of tissue, while minimizing the impact of this radiation on other organs and systems of the patient's body in order to whistle to a minimum the percentage of complications that arise.

The functional state of the goiter can be assessed by the quantitative component of the drug accumulated in the plasma after a control period of time after administration. The average standards are that 14% of the administered dose of sodium iodide (131I) is detected in the blood a couple of hours after it enters the body. After four hours, this indicator should be close to 19%, and after a day, it should approach 27%.

The level of functionality is also assessed by doctors based on the amount of iodine ions bound to blood protein. For such an assessment, 48 hours after administration, up to ten milliliters of blood are taken from a vein in the elbow bend, sending it for further processing. The normal level of sodium iodide bound by protein should not exceed 0.3%/l.

Radiometry of the general condition of the human body is also carried out. In the absence of pathology, the concentration of 131I (excluding the level in the thyroid gland) in human blood after 24 hours should be within the range of 10 to 25%, after three days from 1.5 to 9.7%, and after eight days, this indicator should vary in numbers from two to twelve percent.

In case of therapeutic therapy for malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland, burdened with metastases, the procedure is repeated once every three months. But before each procedure, a comprehensive study of the iodine-absorbing activity of metastasizing cells and tissues is mandatory.

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Use Sodium iodide (131I) for injection during pregnancy

Conducted clinical studies and monitoring of typical situations are unambiguous in their decision - the use of sodium iodide (131I) for injections during pregnancy is strictly contraindicated, since the increased radiation background has a negative effect on the developing fetus. There is a high probability of such a direction in the drug's actions - the birth of a baby with significant deviations both physically and psychologically. That is, the child may already be born disabled. High percentage of risk of getting a frozen pregnancy or spontaneous miscarriage.

Contraindications

The drug in question is quite aggressive. Therefore, there are significant contraindications to the use of sodium iodide (131I) for injections.

• Increased sensitivity of the patient's body to iodine derivatives.
• Thyrotoxic adenoma (a pathology characterized by an increased amount of thyroid hormones in the blood plasma).
• Goiter of various localizations: euthyroid, mixed toxic, retrosternal, nodular.
• Acute form of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.
• Hives.
• Initial stage of thyrotoxicosis.
• Renal dysfunction.
• Pathological changes in the blood formula: thrombopoiesis, hematopoiesis, leukopoiesis.
• Tuberculosis.
• Intense symptoms of hemorrhagic syndrome.
• The period of bearing a baby.
• Lactation.
• Sodium iodide (131I) for injection is contraindicated for use in patients under twenty years of age.
• Acne and other inflammatory manifestations on the skin.

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Side effects Sodium iodide (131I) for injection

Any chemical compound can provoke a response from the body. Side effects of Sodium iodide (131I) for injections can be reduced to:

• To the appearance of a runny nose.
• Skin rashes of an allergic nature.
• The appearance and progression of inflammation in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, nasal passages, eye membrane, and also the respiratory system.
• In very rare cases, angioedema may occur.

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Overdose

It is necessary to approach the administered dose of the drug in question with sufficient caution, as its overdose can cause:

• Symptoms of iodism.
• Tachycardia.
• The appearance of increased sensitivity to daylight.
• Sleep disorders.
• Irritability.
• Increase in body temperature.
• Manifestation of hypothyroidism.
• Inhibition of normal bone marrow cell function.
• Nausea may occur.
• It is quite rare, but vomiting may occur.
• Pain symptoms behind the breastbone may appear.
• Manifestations of an allergic reaction to the drug.

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Interactions with other drugs

There are drugs that are not "friendly" with iodine derivatives. Therefore, in order not to harm the patient, it is necessary to know the features of the interaction of Sodium iodide (131I) for injections with other drugs.

It is absolutely not recommended to take sodium iodide (131I) together with medications that contain nitrogen components, alkaloid salts, and salicylates.

With the combined use of iodine and perchlorates, or chlorates, or thiocyanates, or bromides, or iodates, which are similar in action, the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of sodium iodide (131I) are somewhat inhibited.

Methimazole (Tapazole), glucocorticoids, PTU and progesterone can also reduce the ability of iodine to be absorbed by the patient's body. And thyrotropin, on the contrary, helps to increase the indicators of iodine utilization. Substances used as radiocontrast chemical compounds also suppress this indicator.

Before combining two or more drugs, the doctor must carefully review the patient's medical history, ask about the medications he or she is taking, and make adjustments accordingly. It is necessary to strictly follow the withdrawal periods, without missing them.
Do not mix sodium iodide in the same container with other drugs.

Storage conditions

This medicinal product is a radiation source, therefore the storage conditions of Sodium Iodide (131I) for injection must be strictly maintained within the framework of the rules adopted for the storage of substances that ionize radiation and radioactive sources. Without opening the package, keep at a temperature not exceeding 25 ^o C.

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Shelf life

After manufacturing, the drug meets all the necessary therapeutic parameters for one year. The expiration date of the drug must be indicated on the packaging. It is not recommended to exceed the expiration date (strictly prohibited).

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