Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate is a medicine that helps to eliminate acid-dependent pathologies. It has antacid properties and contributes to expectoration processes.

[1], [2],

Indications of the sodium bicarbonate

It is used for the elimination of diseases against which there is an increase in the pH of the gastric juice, ulcer or metabolic acidosis (this includes acidosis, which develops after surgery or infection, diabetes or poisoning).

The drug is also used for the treatment of inflammatory processes of ophthalmic nature and inflammation in the area of the oral mucosa and the upper part of the respiratory system.

As a medicament, drinking soda is used to dilute the bronchial secretion and earwax, alkalinize urine, and also to reduce discomfort due to mild infections in the urinary system and in the tubular form of kidney acidosis.

The medicine is also used in the treatment, during which urate and cystine kidney stones are removed.

[3], [4]

Release form

The release is carried out in several dosage forms: an infusion lyophilizate, a powder from which an oral and topical solution is made, an infusion solution, tablets and rectal suppositories.

Liofilizate for infusions is available in bags of 50 g.

Powder for the solution used inside and locally, is contained in bags of 10, 25, and 50 g.

Infusion 4% solution is contained inside disposable containers with a volume of 2 or 5 ml, and also in containers with a volume of 100 or 250 ml, and in bottles with a volume of 100, 200 or 400 ml.

Tablets are produced in a volume of 0.3 or 0.5 g.

Rectal suppositories with a volume of 0.3, 0.5 or 0.7 g are available in 10 pieces per pack.

[5], [6], [7], [8]

Pharmacodynamics

The drug helps to stabilize the disturbed water-electrolyte and acid-base balances.

During the dissociation of the drug component, the bicarbonate anion is released. This element synthesizes hydrogen ions, which leads to the formation of a carboxylic acid, further decomposing to water together with carbon dioxide, which is released during respiration. As a result, the alkaline parameters change and the buffer blood capacity increases.

Sodium bicarbonate increases the values of diuretic osmotic type, as well as the excretion of sodium and chloride ions. In addition, it reduces the pH of the urine and prevents the possibility of uricidal subsidence inside the urinary system.

Bicarbonate anion is not able to penetrate into the intracellular environment.

[9], [10], [11], [12], [13]

Dosing and administration

How to apply the medicine in the form of a powder.

Of the lyophilizate, medicinal solutions are prepared, which are used for inhalation, rinsing, and rinsing.

For treatment of the common cold, stomatitis with laryngitis, as well as other pathologies in the nose, mouth and throat area, a solution having a concentration in the range of 0.5-2% is used.

To wash the mucous membranes of the upper part of the respiratory system or the surface of the skin in case of damage by irritating or poisonous (chlorine and organophosphorus) elements or acids, a 2% solution must be used.

How to use medicinal solution for intravenous infusion.

The infusion solution is required to be administered by monitoring the alkaline values of the blood. In this case, adults are given a drip of the drug - intravenously or rectally; for children should be given IV infusion.

The solution can be administered either diluted or undiluted. As a solvent, use 5% glucose solution (in the ratio 1k1).

The drug should be administered at a rate of 60 drops / minute. For a day, no more than 200 ml of solution is allowed. The number of infusions is calculated depending on the level of acid-base balance.

Dosages for newborns are 4-5 ml / kg, and for older children - within 5-7 ml / kg.

The need for repeated infusion is determined by the level of the KChR balance.

Taking medication in the form of tablets.

Oral administration takes place several times a day. The size of the adult single dose ranges from 0.5-1 g, and the infant's dose ranges from 0.1-0.75 g (taking into account medicinal indications and human age).

Use of the sodium bicarbonate during pregnancy

Information about the inability to use soda pregnant and lactating women is not, but in these periods it is recommended to apply the medicine carefully, under the supervision of a doctor.

There is no evidence as to whether the substance penetrates into the mother's milk. The FDA classifies it as a category C.

Contraindications

The main contraindications:

• the presence of heightened sensitivity with respect to the elements of drugs;
• state, against which there is alkalosis.

Along with this, it is forbidden to prescribe the drug to people with hypochloraemia or hypocalcemia. At the first violation, the drug can cause a prolonged weakening of absorption inside the gastrointestinal tract, as well as vomiting, which will cause a substantial loss of chloride ions with the development of severe forms of alkalosis.

Use of the drug for hypocalcemia can cause seizures of tetanic spasm and increase the likelihood of developing alkalosis.

[14], [15]

Side effects of the sodium bicarbonate

With continued use of drugs, alkalosis begins (blood pH increases), among the clinical symptoms of which:

• vomiting with nausea;
• decreased appetite (may reach its full loss);
• abdominal pain;
• convulsions of the tetanic type (with a particularly severe stage of the disorder);
• increase in blood pressure.

The use of rectal suppositories can cause a laxative effect - there are desires for defecation, swelling, rumbling in the stomach and diarrhea.

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Overdose

In case of intoxication, the patient may develop tetanic seizures or hyperalcalosis.

If the patient is experiencing hypercalcosis, it is required to stop the infusion of the solution. At a risk of tetany, the affected person is given iv gluconate (approximately 1-3 g) by the calcium method.

[17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]

Interactions with other drugs

Due to the action of sodium bicarbonate, the pH of urine increases, resulting in the following effects:

• decreased excretion of amphetamine;
• the toxicity of methotrexate is weakened and the rate of its excretion increases;
• there is a delay in the excretion of ephedrine from the body, which increases the likelihood of occurrence of negative manifestations associated with the use of this substance: increased anxiety, sleep problems, tachycardia and tremor.

When you take the medicine along with the supporting portions of lithium carbonate, the level of lithium decreases - this is caused by the action of sodium ions.

The drug reduces the absorption of tetracyclines in the case of combined oral administration of these drugs.

Drip IV infusion of the drug may potentiate the hypotensive properties of the reserpine substance.

The solution reacts with acids (niacin, ascorbic, etc.), alkaloids (such as atropine with caffeine, apomorphine with theobromine, and also papaverine), cardiac glycosides and salts of various substances (such as magnesium with calcium and heavy metals ( zinc with copper and iron)). As a result, there is a subsidence or hydrolysis of organic compounds. Because of this, the above preparations are not allowed to dissolve in sodium hydrogencarbonate.

It is forbidden to mix the medicine with any solutions that contain phosphorus.

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Storage conditions

Sodium bicarbonate can be contained in standard for medicinal conditions. The temperature should be in the range of 15-30 ° C.

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Special instructions

Reviews

Sodium bicarbonate is considered a very effective alternative, helping to get rid of many disorders and diseases. The reviews demonstrate that the medication is often used as a remedy for the elimination of heartburn and the treatment of dry cough. Also, a solution of soda often rinse the mouth with sick teeth. Some patients even use a solution to treat seasickness.

In addition, the drug is often used as a means for various cosmetic procedures. It is used as a substance that helps to treat tooth decay, whiten teeth, cleanse the face, and also as a means for hair and weight loss. Some use the substance and in order to detect pregnancy.

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Shelf life

Sodium bicarbonate is allowed to be used in the period of 2 years from the date of release of the drug.

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