Salamol-Eco

Belonging to the group of beta 2 - selective adrenomimetics, Salamol-Eco (international name - salbutamol), was developed on the basis of the active substance salbutamol. Today it is widely used in medicine to relieve asthma attacks.

If you or your loved one suffers from attacks of bronchodilator spasms, in such a situation,
Salamol-Eco, a highly effective anti-asthmatic drug, will help eliminate discomfort and bring the patient's condition back to normal. You should just remember that you should not prescribe this drug to yourself. Such an approach to the treatment process is fraught with unforeseen negative complications. And by contacting a qualified doctor, you will receive not only a consultation, a correct diagnosis, but also a prescribed treatment with compliance with the necessary recommendations. This is the only way to avoid deterioration in the patient's health and get an effective treatment result.

Indications Salamol-Eco

This medicine has a fairly narrow application profile. Indications for the use of Salamol-Eco are limited to the following pathologies:

1. Pulmonary emphysema is a pathological condition of the lung tissue, which is characterized by its increased airiness due to the expansion of the alveoli, as well as the destruction of the alveolar walls.
2. Relief of bronchial asthma attacks, including prolonged form.
3. Preventive measures to prevent such attacks.
4. Bronchospastic syndrome.
5. Bronchitis, chronic form.

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Release form

Despite the fact that the drug was developed specifically to relieve bronchospasms, the release form is quite diverse:

1. This is also a metered aerosol form for inhalation procedures.
2. Salamol – Eco in the form of powder filling capsules. This form is used for inhalations. One capsule – one procedure.
3. A medicine in solution used for inhalation.

The dosage of various forms of release varies slightly. For example, one dose of the aetozole form contains 0.124 mg of salbutamol sulfate, which corresponds to 0.1 mg of salbutamol, recalculated for the dry product. There are also additional chemical compounds: 96% ethanol alcohol - 3.42 mg, as well as hydrofluoroalkane - 26.46 mg.

One bottle of the inhaler is designed for approximately two hundred doses of the drug. It is very convenient to use and is equipped with a protective cap that protects the dosing nozzle from dust and other small objects. The bottle is placed in a cardboard package, which takes up little space and is easy to carry for people suffering from sudden attacks of bronchial spasms.

Pharmacodynamics

Bronchodilator drug, administered in therapeutic doses, specifically activates the work of beta 2 - adrenoreceptors localized in the respiratory system, and more specifically, in the bronchi. Pharmacodynamics Salamol-Eco allows stimulating effect on the myometrium (muscular tissue of the uterus, covered from the inside by a layer of endometrium), as well as on the human circulatory system.

Due to the properties of the active substance of the drug, when it is used, no significant effect on cardiac beta 1 - adrenoreceptors is revealed. Salbutamol inhibits the process of releasing leukotrienes, histamine components and prostaglandin D2 (PgD2) from mast cells of the human body. Other biologically active structures are also subject to inhibition. At the same time, salbutamol works prolonged, showing its effect on the body for a sufficiently long time.

Salamol-Eco effectively reduces both late and early hyperergy (the body's ability to respond with a uniform reaction to various irritants) of the bronchi.

The active substance of the drug reduces tissue resistance of the respiratory tract. An increase in vital capacity of the lungs (VC), characterized by the numerical value of the largest amount of air that a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation, is observed.

The non-specific mechanism that provides local protection of the respiratory mucosa from external influences, including infection, in chronic bronchitis is 36%. This parameter in medicine is called mucociliary clearance.

Salamol-Eco activates the production of mucous secretions, stimulates the work of the ciliated epithelium. There is a retardation of the release of inflammatory mediators (biologically active compounds secreted by nerve endings and causing the transmission of nerve impulses in synapses) from mast cells. Inhibits the release of basophils, leads to antigen-dependent blocking of mucociliary transport. Eliminates the release of the neutrophil chemotaxis indicator.

Salamol-Eco reduces the level of potassium ions (K ⁺ ) in blood plasma. It affects the glycogenolysis process and the level of insulin production. But even when taking it, the likelihood of acidosis increases, which occurs against the background of acid-base imbalance.

When taken in the recommended dosage, it does not have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system and does not cause an increase in blood pressure.

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Pharmacokinetics

After inhalation, the pharmacokinetics of Salamol-Eco shows a high rate of onset of therapeutic effectiveness. The patient begins to feel the first symptoms of relief five minutes after inhalation. The peak positive result "comes" from half an hour to an hour and a half. This indicator depends on the individual characteristics of the patient's body, his age and his health condition (anamnesis). But still, 75% of the effectiveness occurs within the first five minutes. That is, the patient receives the fastest possible resuscitation assistance.

The drug continues its positive effect for three to six hours.

During the irrigation procedure with inhalation, up to fifteen percent of the active substance enters the respiratory system, the remaining part of the medicine enters the human digestive system.

The ninth part, which enters the bronchi with inhalation, is adsorbed. Salbutamol, which enters the pulmonary system, is not metabolized in it. The active substance easily overcomes membranes and other natural biological barriers.

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Dosing and administration

Depending on the patient's age and the prescribed form of medication, the doctor prescribes the method of administration and dosage of the drug.

To relieve asthma attacks, salbutamol is prescribed to adolescents over 12 years of age and adult patients in a dosage of 0.1 to 0.2 mg, which corresponds to one to two inhalation doses.

For prophylactic purposes, to prevent the occurrence of bronchospasm (with a mild degree of asthma), the drug is taken in one or two doses one to four times a day. The dosage and frequency of administration is determined by the attending physician individually for each patient. In case of moderate pathological changes, Salamol-Eco is prescribed in the same dosages, but in combination with other anti-asthmatic drugs.

If the patient suffers from asthmatic attacks of physical exertion, the drug is taken prophylactically 20-30 minutes before the expected loads. One or two doses are recommended per dose.

For young patients aged 2 to 12 years, during attacks of bronchial asthma or for their prevention (if the spasm is caused by an allergy or physical exertion), the attending physician prescribes a dosage of 0.1 to 0.2 mg, which corresponds to one or two doses.

The maximum recommended daily dose of salbutamol is 0.8 mg, which corresponds to eight doses, but no more.

In order to get maximum efficiency from this procedure, it is necessary to follow a number of recommendations:

1. Before the first procedure, it is necessary to check the quality of the inhaler's functioning. Remove the protective cap from the bottle and make sure that the nozzle is not clogged with dirt and dust.
2. Place the inhaler in a vertical position, grasping the canister with your hand so that the phalanx of your thumb holds its bottom and your index finger is on top.
3. Before each procedure, the bottle must be shaken well.
4. Take a deep breath and exhale as deeply as possible. The exhalation should come from the stomach, but you should not strain or push.
5. Cover the nozzle of the bottle with your lips.
6. At the same time, we begin to take a deep but slow (this is very important) breath and, by pressing the index finger, release one dose of medicine from the tube.
7. After this, we take the tube with the spray nozzle out of our mouth, press our lips tightly together and hold our breath for as long as a person can hold without inhaling. It is advisable to hold for at least ten seconds.
8. Exhale slowly and without straining.
9. If you need to get two doses, it is recommended to wait about a minute and repeat the procedure described above.
10. After finishing inhalation, protect the spray nozzle with the protective cap and put it back in place.

To be sure that the procedure is carried out correctly, first, it can be done in front of a mirror. If a vaporous substance is observed coming out of the corners of the mouth or the top of the can, then you should read the instructions more carefully (you are doing something wrong) and try to do the whole procedure again.

To avoid problems with the operation of the inhaler, it should be cleaned at least once a week.

1. The metal bottle should be removed from the inhalation device, which is made of plastic.
2. The protective cap and case should be rinsed in slightly warm (but not hot) clean water. Do not put the metal part of the inhaler into the liquid.
3. The components of the inhaler must be thoroughly dried; electrical heating equipment should not be used.
4. Collect the dry elements and put the protective cap back in place.

If Salamol-Eco is prescribed in powder form, the inhalation procedure is carried out using cyclohaler, a disc medical preparation for inhalation procedures.

In case of relief of symptoms of a bronchodilator attack, inhalation is done once. In case of attack prevention, three to four procedures are performed throughout the day. A single dose is taken with a dosage of 0.2 to 0.4 mg. The amount of the drug taken per day is from 0.8 to 1 mg. In case of therapeutic necessity, the amount of the drug taken can be increased to a dosage of 1.2 - 1.6 mg throughout the day.

If after the procedure the patient feels an unpleasant aftertaste in the mouth and a tickling sensation in the throat, then it is permissible to rinse the mouth with water.

In case of a severe asthma attack, it is necessary to use nebulizers (in this case, any design will do). The procedure is carried out for 5-15 minutes. The starting recommended dosage is from 2.5 to 5 mg, taken four times during the day.

If the patient has asthma status, the single dose of the drug, if necessary, can be increased to 40 mg daily.

Attention! It should be remembered that the active ingredient Salamol-Eco, when used frequently, can provoke an increase in the intensity of bronchial spasm, which can lead to sudden death of the patient. Referring to this, doctors recommend not to take the dose too often, but to space them out and take them no more often than six hours, or even more, after the previous preventive or therapeutic procedure.

Reducing this period is permitted only in exceptional cases.

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Use Salamol-Eco during pregnancy

There are no adequate, repeatedly verified results regarding the use of salbutamol by women during pregnancy. Therefore, the use of Salamol-Eco during pregnancy is not allowed. Exceptions may be cases when the benefit to the mother's health (in light of medical indicators) significantly exceeds the harm that taking the drug may cause to the fetus.

Since the active substance Salamol-Eco freely enters mother's milk, therapy based on this group of drugs is not allowed during lactation. The exception is cases when the clinical picture of the young mother's health shows the vital need for their use. It is recommended to stop breastfeeding the baby for the duration of the drug course.

Contraindications

No matter how safe the developed drug is, it has its own restrictions in use, which are necessarily indicated in the instructions attached to it. Salamol-Eco has its own contraindications for use.

1. Increased intolerance to the components of the drug.
2. Due to its pharmacodynamic properties, this medicine is not prescribed to small children and adolescents who have not yet reached the age of one and a half years.
3. The drug should be prescribed with particular caution if the patient's medical history includes:

• A disturbance of the heart rhythm caused by its high intensity.
• In case of severe chronic heart failure.
• For arterial hypertension.
• In case of thyrotoxicosis (increased functioning of the thyroid gland, in which the body is poisoned by an excess of hormones).
• The period of pregnancy and breastfeeding a newborn baby.

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Side effects Salamol-Eco

Each human body reacts to the effects of drugs in its own way. Long-term use can provoke side effects of Salamol-Eco. These include:

Common symptoms:

1. Increased heart rate.
2. Pain symptoms in the head area.
3. Mild tremor of the limbs.
4. Deviations of a psychological nature: anxiety, apathy, irritability, and others.

Moderately occurring symptoms:

1. Coughing fits.
2. Dizziness.
3. A feeling of dryness in the throat and mouth.
4. Irritation of the mucous membrane and walls of the respiratory tract.
5. Impaired taste perception.

Occasional symptoms:

1. Paradoxical bronchospasm.
2. Nausea.
3. Bronchospasm caused by increased sensitivity of the patient's body to the components of the drug.
4. Deviations of a dermatological nature.
5. Muscle cramps.
6. The body's reaction is of an allergic nature, including angioedema.
7. Redness of the skin of the face.
8. An uncomfortable condition accompanied by pain in the sternum.
9. Heart rhythm disturbance.
10. The appearance of the gag reflex.

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Overdose

In case of exceeding the recommended dosage of the drug, or due to the individual characteristics of the patient's body, an overdose of the drug may occur.

Quite often you can observe the following symptoms of “toxic poisoning”:

• Hyperglycemia is a condition of the body when the blood sugar level is too high.
• Nausea that can cause vomiting.
• A sharp drop in blood pressure.
• Hypokalemia is a decrease in the concentration of potassium in plasma below 3.5 mEq per liter.
• Tachycardia is an increase in heart rate above 90 beats per minute.
• Lactic acidosis is a condition of the patient's body that worsens with carbohydrate loading and improves with fat loading and carbohydrate withdrawal
• Muscle tremor.

The following symptoms are observed somewhat less frequently:

• Hypercalcemia is an excess of calcium in the blood serum or plasma of more than 2.5 mmol per liter.
• Increased excitability of the patient.
• Leukocytosis is a high number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood.
• Hypophosphatemia is an excess of phosphates in the blood.
• Alkalosis (acid-base imbalance) of respiratory origin.

Isolated cases have been recorded:

• Paranoid manifestations.
• Hallucinations.
• Tachyarrhythmia is an increased heart rate with an irregular heart rhythm.
• Muscle cramps.

Treatment of these manifestations is symptomatic.

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Interactions with other drugs

When prescribing any medicine, especially if it is included in the treatment protocol not as a mono drug, but as a unit of complex treatment, the specialist must know the result and the specifics of the interaction of Salamol-Eco with other drugs. Ignorance of the results of the joint use of various combinations of drugs can lead to irreversible pathological consequences.

Taking salbutamol together with drugs that activate the central nervous system increases the effect of the latter and can cause attacks of tachycardia. Parallel administration of Salamol-Eco and cardiac glycosides provokes a disturbance of the heart rhythm, characterized by extra contractions of the entire heart or its individual parts (extrasystole).

Salbutamol is a pharmacological antagonist of non-selective beta-blockers. This fact must be taken into account even in the case of prescribing eye drops based on beta-adrenoblockers together with Salamol-Eco.

The simultaneous use of xanthines (drugs that weaken the effect of sleeping pills and general anesthetics, and enhance the effect of analgesics and antipyretics) and the drug in question leads to an increased risk of developing tachyarrhythmia.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (slowing down their action) and tricyclic antidepressants enhance the pharmacodynamic characteristics of Salamol-Eco, and they can also provoke a sharp drop in blood pressure.

Concomitant administration of anticholinergic drugs and the drug in question may lead to an increase in intraocular pressure. Administration of diuretics and glucocorticosteroids (GCS) increases the hypokalemic characteristics of the drug in question.

Storage conditions

When purchasing any medicine, you must first find out the storage conditions of Salamol-Eco. If all the recommendations given in the instructions attached to the medicine have been followed, you can be sure that the degree of effectiveness of the drug will remain at a high pharmacological level, which will be maintained throughout the entire period of action indicated on the package.

Several points of recommendations can be highlighted:

1. Store the medicine in a cool place where the room temperature does not exceed + 30 °C. But this product must be protected from freezing.
2. Salamol-Eco should be kept out of direct sunlight.
3. The medicine should not be accessible to small children.

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Shelf life

Any pharmacological drug is produced by the manufacturer with its own effective period of operation. This expiration date must be reflected on the packaging material of the drug. There, the production date must be indicated on the packaging, as well as the recommended end time of the drug's effective action. For Salamol-Eco, this period is three years. If the end date on the packaging has passed, such a drug is not recommended for use either during therapy or as a means for preventive measures.

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