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Pairemol
Pyremol (synonyms - Paracetamol, Panadol, Paramol, Tylenol, Aminodol, Dimindol, Dolanax, Mialgin, Cetadol, etc.) refers to analgesics-antipyretics, close to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Indications Pairemol
Anesthetic, antipyretic, and also minor anti-inflammatory properties of Pyremol cause the expediency of its use for the removal of mild and moderate pain of various etiologies, including:
Indications for the use of this drug as an antipyretic are diseases accompanied by febrile conditions.
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics Pyremol is based on the action of paracetamol (N-4-hydroxyphenylacetamide), which by blocking the CNS-synthesized isoform of cyclooxygenase COX-3 inhibits the production of the prostaglandin mediator in the brain. As a result, the pain is relieved. Antipyretic effect is achieved as a result of the fact that paracetamol reduces the degree of excitability of thermoreceptors that transmit the signal to the center of heat production of the hypothalamus. However, the process of synthesis of inflammation conductors does not affect paracetamol, since its effect on cytokines, endothelial cells and platelet aggregation is neutralized by cellular enzymes that accelerate oxidative reactions in cells.
Pharmacokinetics
The active substance Pyremola has a high absorption rate and is adsorbed in the small intestine, getting into tissues with blood flow. About 20% of paracetamol binds to blood plasma proteins. The drug penetrates through the BBB (and enters the breast milk). Approximately 25 minutes after taking the therapeutic dose of Peyrenol, its maximum concentration is achieved.
Transformation of the drug occurs in the liver, and inactive metabolites are excreted from the body by the kidneys. Half-life is an average of three hours. Some of the active substance Pairolone is metabolized by removing from the molecule an acetyl group, resulting in the formation of an easily oxidizable isomer of aminophenol (paraaminophenol), which, with significant doses of the drug, has a toxic effect on the liver.
Side effects Pairemol
Among the possible side effects of the drug are: allergic reactions (skin rashes, itching, angioedema); nausea; pain in the stomach; decreased heart rate; renal colic; increased blood pressure associated with damage to the glomeruli of the kidneys (glomerulonephritis); presence of pus in the urine in the absence of pathogenic microflora.
Negative effects on hematopoiesis can be expressed in anemia, a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia), a decrease in the granulocyte count in the blood (agranulocytosis), a decrease in the number of leukocytes (leukopenia), and a rise in the blood of methemoglobin (methemoglobinemia). A significant amount of methemoglobin (which can not transfer oxygen from the lungs to the tissues) leads to cyanosis and oxygen starvation.
Dosing and administration
Pylemol tablets are taken orally - after eating, with plenty of fluids. A single therapeutic dose for adults is 1 tablet (0.5 g), the maximum single dose is 1.5 g, the maximum daily dose is 3 g.
The maximum allowable daily intake for children is: 3-6 years - 1-2 g (based on 60 mg per 1 kg of body weight of the child), three times a day; 9-12 years - 2 grams (in 3-4 sessions).
Overdose
Overdose of Pyreemol (paracetamol) leads to toxic effects on the liver and is manifested by symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, pale skin and mucous membranes. With these signs, urgent hospitalization is required. As an antidote in the overdose of paracetamol antitoxic agent acetylcysteine (intravenous injection or ingestion) is used.
Interactions with other drugs
The interactions of this drug with other pharmacological preparations are as follows:
- paracetamol enhances the action of antagonists of vitamin K, which increase blood coagulability (coagulants of indirect action),
- paracetamol increases the effect of salicylic acid, caffeine, codeine and antispasmodic drugs;
- hypnotics (barbiturates) and antiepileptic drugs reduce the antipyretic effect of paracetamol and increase its toxic effect on the liver.