Oxytocin

Oxytocin is intended to increase excitability and enhance the contractile properties of the musculature of the uterus. Naturally, they are used to stimulate labor. In those cases when their own "forces" are not enough. Increased muscle contraction occurs due to an increase in oxytocin membrane permeability of myometrium cells for potassium ions. Thus, its potential is reduced and there is an increase in excitability.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Indications Oxytocin

Indications for use Oxytocin - weakening of labor. Usually, a remedy is used when performing a cesarean section, during the operation itself. In addition, the main indications for its use are hypotension or atony of the uterus after childbirth.

Also, the medication is also used for abortion, if it is necessary to produce it for a sufficiently long period. This will cause premature birth. With hypotonic uterine bleeding in the postpartum period, the remedy is actively used. The reason for his admission may be stagnation of milk in the early postpartum period, as well as too painful premenstrual syndrome. For which there are strong swelling. Apply the tool and with increasing body weight. In general, the spectrum of action of the drug is very wide. Only women use it and only on the advice of a doctor. In general, oxytocin is used to strengthen labor activity in the early passage of amniotic fluid and stimulation of the uterus. 

[5], [6], [7], [8]

Release form

The form of release is ampoules, the drug is injected. This drug is a synthetic hormone medication. It is an analogue of the polypeptide hormone of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

You can buy it in different dosage. So, let out it or him in the form of a solution for injections in ampoules on 1 ml. It contains 5 units of oxytocin. In one package can be 5,10 and 50 ampoules.

There is also a slightly different dosage. In one ampoule can be 2 ml of the active substance. In this form, the package contains 5 ampoules. There are no other variations of the "packaging". The medication is not manufactured in the form of tablets. It should have a quick action, and only the intravenous administration of the drug can allow it. That's why Oxytocin is available as a solution for injections. The required dosage of the medication is prescribed by the doctor, based on the situation it is recommended to enter this or that quantity. Therefore, in what variation to buy means solves also the expert. 

[9], [10], [11]

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacodynamics Oxytocin is the hormone of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. It is called, has a stimulating effect on the smooth muscles of the uterus. This increases the contractile activity and, to a lesser extent, the tone of the myometrium. This is very important for weak labor activity.

In small doses, the agent can increase the frequency and amplitude of uterine contraction. In a higher dosage, the remedy with repeated administration helps to increase the tone of the uterus. In addition, there is an increase and intensification of its reductions, down to the tetanic ones.

In addition, there is an increase in the secretion of prolactin, as well as a decrease in myoepithelial cells surrounding the alveoli of the breast. Thus contributing to the enhancement of milk production. The medication has weak vasopressin-like antidiuretic properties. That's why the tool has a wide range of actions and is used everywhere. Oxytocin is a drug that has become widespread in obstetric practice. 

[12], [13], [14], [15]

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics Oxytocin after administration of T1 / 2 from plasma is one to several minutes. Metabolism occurs in the baking. When pregnancy in plasma appears a specific enzyme oxytocinase, inactivating endogenous and exogenous oxytocin. In addition to plasma, it is also present in target organs.

It is worth noting the fact that a small number of it is excreted by the kidneys unchanged. This medication is widely used in obstetrics. It stimulates uterine contractions and maintains its tone. This is especially important with weak labor. A small amount of medicine can help ease this process. In some cases, the remedy is used to carry out an abortion at a later date. This causes premature birth.

This medication is really in demand. After all, not in all cases, it turns out, independently to give birth to a child. Oxytocin produces stimulation and thus helps in this case. 

[16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]

Dosing and administration

The method of administration and dose should be prescribed by the attending physician. The drug is administered intravenously and intramuscularly into the wall or vaginal part of the cervix. Do not rule out the introduction to the nose.

For intravenous drip introduction, 1 ml of the drug is sufficient. In this case, it is administered not in pure form, but diluted. The drug is diluted in 500 ml of 5% glucose solution.

To stimulate delivery, the drug is injected intramuscularly at 1 unit with an interval of 30-60 minutes. In this case, much depends on the reaction of the uterus. It is advisable to administer the medication intravenously by dropwise method in 1-5 units in 300-500 ml of 5% glucose solution. But thus the control of uterine contractions and palpitation of a fetus should be spent. This is done before the end of labor and after the separation of the afterbirth.

With mild labor or prolonged labor, the drug is taken at 0.5-1 ED at intervals of 60 minutes, depending on the obstetric situation. During labor in the pelvic presentation 2-5 units of the drug are administered.

With hypotension and atony of the uterus, 5-10 ED of Oxytocin, intravenously, in 10-20 ml of 40% glucose solution, are prescribed. To stimulate lactation, drugs are injected intramuscularly or into the nose at 0.5 ED 5 minutes before feeding. If necessary, the injection is repeated. With premenstrual syndrome - in the nose, from the 20th day of the cycle to the 1st day of menstruation.

As a preventive measure and treatment of hypotonic uterine bleeding in the postpartum period, the drug is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 3-5 units. The exact dosage Oxytocin in any case, the doctor appoints. 

[30], [31], [32], [33],

Use Oxytocin during pregnancy

Use of Oxytocin during pregnancy is permissible, but only if necessary. Basically, this remedy is widely used to activate labor activity. In some cases, the tone of the uterus and the frequency of its contractions is not enough to start the birth process on its own. That's why a woman is given this hormone. It is widely used in the operation of cesarean section.

In other cases, you can not take the remedy for a pregnant girl. It should be noted once again that the main activity of the drug is aimed at strengthening the birth process. Therefore, the adopted remedy can unnecessarily lead to the onset of premature birth. Usually such a phenomenon is sought when carrying out abortion for a long time. Use this tool is necessary only under the guidance of a specialist. Self-imposed use is prohibited, it can lead to the development of serious complications. Oxytocin is used exclusively in obstetric practice. 

Contraindications

Contraindications to the use of oxytocin in the first place is an increased hypersensitivity to certain components of the drug. In this case, serious complications may develop. Including the strongest allergic reaction. For a girl in the situation, this is extremely unacceptable.

You can not take the drug and people who have a narrow pelvis. In this case, independent labor is prohibited. A woman simply can not give birth to a child, so you need to resort to a cesarean section.

If the size of the fetal head does not match the size of the pelvis, the product should not be used. The same prohibition applies when the child has taken a wrong position in the womb. It means a transverse or oblique arrangement. With full placenta previa and threat of rupture of the uterus, it can not be used, this can lead to the development of serious complications. That is why Oxytocin should be taken solely on the advice of a doctor. 

[24], [25], [26]

Side effects Oxytocin

Side effects Oxytocin can cause. Basically, everything manifests itself in the form of nausea, vomiting and arrhythmia. The latter phenomenon can develop in the fetus. It is not excluded the slowing of the pulse, both in the mother and in the child.

It can significantly increase the pressure and begin subarachnoidal bleeding. Against this background, hypotension and shock are not excluded. Possible water retention in the body, up to poisoning. Usually, this phenomenon occurs with too frequent and prolonged drug administration. It can happen on the background of an allergic reaction, which is caused by intolerance to certain components of the medication.

Perhaps the emergence of sharp fights with the further development of intrauterine hypoxia. All these phenomena are fraught with serious consequences. And this applies not only to the mother's body, but also to the child. That's why any intervention should be done under the supervision of a doctor. An increased dose or non-disregard for some important points can lead to serious complications. Oxytocin in high doses can harm. 

[27], [28], [29]

Overdose

Cases when there was an overdose, was not recorded. This drug is not capable of causing serious complications if taken in a given dosage. Only a sharp increase in the dose can cause negative reactions. This is primarily due to the high concentration of the drug in the blood plasma. Therefore, without the need to increase the dose can not be.

The preparation should be administered strictly under the supervision of a physician. This will avoid serious consequences in the future. In the case of the development of strange symptoms, the introduction of the medication stops. But the doctor must take this decision. After all, with a weak labor activity, it is necessary to finish what has been started in any case. This should happen either under the introduction of this drug, or during the cesarean section. In this case, all possible risks are weighed, and on the basis of this, the correct decision is made. Oxytocin does help many women, but to avoid harming the mother and child, use it carefully, without deviations from the prescribed dose. 

[34], [35], [36],

Interactions with other drugs

Interactions Oxytocin with other drugs with simultaneous use with inhalation means for anesthesia may increase the antihypertensive effect of the drug and weaken its stimulating effect on the uterus. This can significantly complicate the process and lead to the impossibility of an independent generic process. In this case, you will have to resort to caesarean section.

Prostaglandins potentiate the stimulating effect of oxytocin on the uterus. The drug itself can potentiate the pressor effect of sympathomimetic drugs. Therefore, before the introduction of this drug, you need to make sure that the woman does not take any other means. Moreover, it is extremely unacceptable to use simultaneous administration of medicines having the same effect. This can lead to serious consequences. Oxytocin is a strong medication that can not only improve the condition and "speed up" the labor activity, but on the contrary aggravate the situation. 

[37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42]

Storage conditions

Storage conditions Oxytocin should be observed to the fullest. Usually this medication is under the "control" of doctors. After all, it is not advisable to store such drugs at home. This drug is mainly used to stimulate labor, therefore it is not worth keeping it at home.

For this drug, you need to keep special conditions. So, it is desirable to observe a certain temperature regime. It should not exceed 5 degrees Celsius. Therefore, it is worth storing drugs in the refrigerator. It is desirable that this place is protected from light and direct sunlight. The medicament will not tolerate increased moisture either. That's why adherence to special conditions is so important.

In the open, the ampoule should be used within a few hours. Otherwise it is necessary to get rid of it. Shelf life of the drug is 2 years. But, the open ampule is kept for a few hours. Oxytocin under all conditions will retain all of its useful properties for a given time. 

[43],

Special instructions

Special instructions regarding this drug are also available. The introduction of medicament should be carried out exclusively within the walls of a specialized medical hospital with strict medical supervision. Independent application can lead to the development of serious consequences. Especially if the girl is pregnant. The drug has a strong stimulation of labor, which may be premature.

Do not use drugs in any case with severe preeclampsia toxemia, severe violations of the cardiovascular system. Thus, it is carried out, a strong stress on the heart and this can lead to serious consequences. There are no other specific instructions. It is important not to take the drug yourself. It can really do harm and lead to irreparable consequences. That's why you need not to go beyond the specified dosage and do everything according to the doctor's recommendations. In this case, Oxytocin can not hurt. 

[44], [45]

Shelf life

Shelf life of the drug is 2 years. But in fact this is just a figure. Without observing special storage conditions, it can be reduced at times. It should be noted immediately that the open ampoule should not be stored for more than a few hours.

Optimum conditions for storage are: dryness, absence of light and temperature of 5 degrees of heat. Therefore, it is best to place the medicine in a special refrigerator. At home, do not store the drug, because they take it mainly within the walls of the hospital. In some cases, it is used to improve lactation. Therefore, drugs are stored at home.

Children should not have access to this medication. They can easily injure themselves with a broken ampoule and use the contents, which is extremely unacceptable. If you comply with all storage conditions, the drug will serve for a given time, namely 2 years. Oxytocin, a sought after drug, must be stored in special conditions. 

[46], [47], [48], [49],