Orzol

Orzol is an antibacterial drug, an imidazole derivative. Contains the active ingredient ornidazole.

The principle of the effect of ornidazole is based on the destruction of the DNA structure in drug-sensitive bacteria. Activity develops in relation to vaginal trichomonads, dysenteric amoebas, intestinal lamblia, and in addition to this individual anaerobes (among them fusobacteria, bacteroids, clostridia and sensitive strains of eubacteria) and anaerobic cocci (peptostreptokkokki and peptokokki).

[1], [2], [3]

Indications Orzola

It is used parenterally in case of severe and acute infections or when it is impossible to take the medicine inside - in case of the following conditions and pathologies:

• common anaerobic infections associated with microflora that are sensitive to drugs: peritonitis and septicemia with meningitis, and in addition, endometritis, abortion of a septic nature, infection of postoperative wounds, and sepsis occurring after childbirth;
• prevention of infections associated with anaerobes: in the case of gynecological procedures or other operations (especially in the area of the rectum and colon);
• dysentery of amoebic genesis, occurring in severe form, and in addition, any extra-intestinal varieties of amebiasis;
• hepatic abscess and giardiasis.

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Release form

The release of the drug substance is realized in the form of an infusion fluid, inside the bottles of 0.1 l.

Pharmacodynamics

The drug effect of ornidazole is a DNA tropic agent with selective effects on bacteria whose enzyme systems can reduce nitrocategory and stimulate the interaction of proteins (from the category of ferridoxins) and nitro compounds. Once inside the bacterial cell, the drug begins to restore the activity of the nitro group under the influence of microbial nitroreductases and previously restored nitroimidazole.

The components of the recovery form ligaments with DNA, leading to its degradation, and at the same time they destroy the transcription and replication of DNA. In addition, the metabolic elements of drugs have a cytotoxic effect and destroy the processes of cell respiration.

The drug passes without complications into the cells of bacteria, is synthesized from their DNA and destroys replication.

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Pharmacokinetics

The drug overcomes the placenta and BBB, penetrating into the cerebrospinal fluid, peritoneal and pleural fluid, saliva, bone tissue, bile with vaginal secretions and the liver, and in addition is excreted in the mother's milk. Protein synthesis of matter inside the plasma is less than 20%.

After the intravenous dose of 15 mg / kg and the subsequent use of the dosage of 7.5 mg / kg with 6-hour intervals, the equilibrium drug value is 18-26 μg / ml. About 30-60% of the drug undergoes metabolic processes inside the body (glucuronidation, hydroxylation and oxidation processes).

The drug is excreted mainly through the kidneys (60-80%), with about 20% in an unchanged state. 6-15% is excreted through the intestines.

Dosing and administration

It is necessary to inject the medication for 15-30 minutes.

In the case of anaerobic infection for a teenager over the age of 12 and an adult, you must first appoint 0.5 g of the drug with 12-hour breaks or 1 g with 24-hour intervals, for 5-10 days (step portion). After stabilization of the patient's condition, it is necessary to transfer him to the intake of ornidazole (for example, 1 tablet of 0.5 g with a 12-hour interval).

Persons younger than 12 years with a weight above 6 kg daily dosage is selected at the rate of 20 mg / kg and divided into 2 injections. You need to enter drugs for 5-10 days.

To prevent the development of anaerobic infection (adolescents from 12 years old and adults), use a portion of 0.5-1 g 60 minutes before the operation.

To prevent the development of mixed infections, the drug is used in combination with penicillins, aminoglycosides or cephalosporins. When this medication is administered separately.

For dysentery of amoebic origin with severe leaks, as well as for any extraintestinal amebiasis, people over the age of 12 years old are given the first injection of 0.5-1 g, and later 0.5 g with 12-hour breaks, for 3-6 days.

For those under 12 years of age, a portion is selected from the ratio of 20-30 mg / kg; It is necessary to divide the dosage by 2 injections.

In people with disorders of renal work, it is necessary to prolong the interval between drug administrations or reduce its 1-fold and daily portion.

[11], [12]

Use Orzola during pregnancy

Orzol can not be assigned in the 1st trimester. On the 2nd and 3rd trimesters it is used only if there are strict indications. Testing involving animals did not determine toxic or teratogenic effects on the fetus.

If you need the use of drugs during lactation, breastfeeding is stopped.

Contraindications

The main contraindications:

• severe intolerance towards drug elements or other nitroimidazole derivatives;
• epilepsy or CNS function disorders;
• multiple sclerosis;
• chronic alcoholism;
• circulatory disorders, blood diseases or other hematological abnormalities.

[6], [7], [8], [9], [10],

Side effects Orzola

The intensity of the side effects of ornidazole depends on the size of the serving. Among the manifestations:

• blood and lymph lesions: symptoms of exposure to bone marrow or neutropenia;
• immune disorders: signs of intolerance;
• lesions of the epidermis and subcutaneous layer: urticaria, epidermal rashes and itching;
• NS dysfunction: tremor, dizziness, convulsions, muscular rigidity, drowsiness, coordination disorder, headaches, symptoms of a mixed or sensory form of polyneuropathy and transient loss of consciousness;
• problems with the work of the digestive tract: vomiting, taste disturbance, the appearance of metallic taste and nausea;
• liver damage and gonorrhea: change in liver test indications;
• systemic disorders and changes in the injection area: fatigue, increased temperature, dyspnea, and changes at the injection site, including redness, burning, pain, and thrombosis.

Overdose

Poisoning with Orzol can cause dizziness, loss of consciousness, seizures, headaches, tremors, dyspeptic disorders, or potentiation of symptoms of other side effects.

The antidote is missing. Symptomatic procedures are performed. If seizures develop, diazepam is administered.

[13], [14], [15],

Interactions with other drugs

Ornidazole differs from other nitroimidazole derivatives in that it does not slow down the action of aldehyde dehydrogenase, which allows combining it with alcoholic beverages.

The drug is able to potentiate the effect of coumarin anticoagulants taken orally (warfarin), because of what their dosage needs to be adjusted.

Orzol prolongs the muscle relaxant effect of vecuronium bromide.

The combination with phenobarbital and other enzyme inducers reduces the period of intra-serum circulation of ornidazole, and the combination with substances that slow down the action of enzymes (for example, cimetidine), on the contrary, increases it.

[16], [17], [18], [19]

Storage conditions

Orzol is required to keep in place, closed from the penetration of small children. Temperature indicators - no more than 25 ° C.

Shelf life

Orzol can be used within a 24-month term from the date of sale of the drug substance.

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Application for children

Do not use the drug in infants weighing less than 6 kg.

[21], [22], [23], [24], [25]

Analogs

Analogues of drugs are drugs Dazolik, Ornigil, Ornizol with Intesol, Metronidazole and Meradazole with Ornigil, and in addition Metrogil, Fazizin with Meratin and Ornidazole. In addition, the list of Metress, Tinidazole, Efloran with Metridom, Tager, Trichopol with Protozalom and Trikasayd.

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