Ongliza

Onglyza is a medicinal product with antidiabetic activity. The medicine contains the active ingredient saxagliptin, which is an extremely powerful selective element with a reversible inhibitory effect of a competitive type on the element dipeptidyl peptidase-4.

The medication is prescribed for use in monotherapy or in combination with other drugs prescribed for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Indications Ongliza

It is used in the case of diabetes mellitus type 2 - as a supplement to diet and physical procedures, in order to improve glycemic control. It is usually used in the following schemes:

• conducting monotherapy;
• initial combination therapy with metformin;
• combination with monotherapy using metformin, thiazolidinediones and sulfonylurea derivatives - in the absence of proper glycemic control during such treatment.

Release form

The element is released in tablets with a volume of 2.5 or 5 mg - the pack contains 3 strips with tablets.

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Pharmacodynamics

When diabetics take the drug, the activity of the DPP-4 enzyme inside their body is suppressed for a 24-hour period.

After oral glucose intake, as a result of the slowing down of DPP-4 activity, there is a 2-3-fold increase in the values of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, as well as glucagon-like peptide-1. In addition, there is a decrease in glucagon indicators and potentiation of the glucose-dependent response of β-cells. Due to this, the level of C-peptide increases in the body along with insulin.

The release of insulin through pancreatic β-cells, as well as the weakening of glucagon release from pancreatic α-cells, causes a decrease in fasting glycemia, as well as a decrease in postprandial glycemia.

Taking saxagliptin does not cause weight gain in patients.

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Pharmacokinetics

Saxagliptin is absorbed at a high rate inside the body when taken before meals. When administered orally, approximately 75% of the dose is absorbed. Saxagliptin and its metabolic element are synthesized rather weakly with blood protein.

Plasma Cmax values of saxagliptin together with its main metabolic component are recorded after 2 and 4 hours, respectively.

The average terminal half-life of the substance and metabolite is 2.5 and 3.1 hours, respectively. Excretion occurs with urine and bile.

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Dosing and administration

The medication is taken orally, without regard to food intake.

When conducting monotherapy, Onglyza is used in a dosage of 5 mg of the substance once a day.

In case of complex therapy, metformin, sulfonylurea derivatives or thiazolidinediones should be taken together with 5 mg of the drug (1 time per day).

At the initial stage of therapy in combination with metformin, the dose of the drug is 5 mg, and the dosage of metformin is 0.5 g per day.

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. Do not take a double dose.

People with severe or moderate renal insufficiency, as well as people undergoing hemodialysis procedures, should take 2.5 mg of the substance per day. The intake should be carried out after the hemodialysis session.

When used with potent CYP 3A4/5 inhibitors, the Onglyza serving size should be 2.5 mg per day.

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Use Ongliza during pregnancy

Due to the lack of data regarding the use of saxagliptin during breastfeeding and pregnancy, the drug is not used during these periods.

Contraindications

Main contraindications:

• diabetes mellitus type 1;
• use of the drug together with insulin;
• lactose intolerance, galactosemia, congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption;
• ketoacidosis of diabetic origin;
• hypersensitivity associated with the components of the drug.

It should be used with extreme caution in individuals with renal impairment (severe or moderate), the elderly, and patients taking sulfonylurea derivatives.

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Side effects Ongliza

Possible side effects include:

• infections affecting the upper respiratory tract or urinary tract;
• sinusitis;
• vomiting or gastroenteritis;
• headaches.

When combining the drug with metformin, headaches or nasopharyngitis may occur.

Interactions with other drugs

The data obtained from testing showed that significant interactions of the drug with other drugs develop only in isolated cases.

Combination with substances that induce CYP 3A4/5 isoenzymes (including rifampicin with carbamazepine, dexamethasone, and phenytoin with phenobarbital) may reduce the levels of the main metabolic element of saxagliptin.

Because sulfonylurea derivatives can lead to the development of hypoglycemia, a reduction in the dosage of sulfonylurea derivatives may be required to reduce this risk when combined with Onglyza.

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Storage conditions

Ongliza should be stored in a place closed to children. Temperature level – in the range of 30°C.

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Shelf life

Onglyza can be used for a period of 3 years from the date of manufacture of the therapeutic element.

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Application for children

Onglyza is not used in pediatrics (under 18 years of age).

Analogues

Analogues of the drug are Nesina, Galvus, Januvia with Trajenta and Combogliza XR.

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