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Okumed
Okumed is an antiglaucoma medication that belongs to the category of β-blockers.
Indications of the okumeda
Indicated when:
- increased level of intraocular pressure (so-called ophthalmic hypertension);
- open-angle glaucoma;
- secondary form of glaucoma;
- as an auxiliary medicine to reduce the intraocular pressure, developing against the background of glaucoma of the closed-angle type (combination with drugs-miotics);
- congenital form of glaucoma (if other medicinal methods were insufficient).
Pharmacodynamics
The active substance timolol is an indiscriminate blocker of β-adrenergic receptors. He does not have an internal membrane-stabilizing, as well as sympathomimetic, effect.
After the local use of drops, the solution lowers the increased intraocular pressure (and also is at a normal level) - this is due to a decrease in the amount of intraocular fluid produced.
The active component does not affect the visual accommodation, as well as the size of the pupil.
The medicine begins to act 20 minutes after the instillation procedure. Peak reduction of intraocular pressure is observed after 1-2 hours, and then holds for about 24 hours.
Use of the okumeda during pregnancy
There is insufficient data on the use of the drug in pregnant women or during lactation, but it has been found that the timolol substance can penetrate the placenta and enter the mother's milk.
Use drops during pregnancy is permitted in cases where the benefit of treatment for a woman exceeds the likelihood of negative symptoms in the fetus.
For the period of using the medicine, you must cancel breastfeeding.
Contraindications
Among the contraindications:
- ulcerative form of colitis (nonspecific type);
- elevated blood pressure;
- heart failure in a stagnant form;
- angiovillulez, measles, chickenpox, hypothyroidism;
- acute form of psychosis;
- disorder in the work of the kidney or liver (severe form);
- osteoporosis;
- HIV or AIDS infection;
- weakness in the muscles.
Side effects of the okumeda
Due to the use of drugs it is possible to develop various side effects.
Among the local manifestations: hyperemia or skin irritation on the eyelids, as well as conjunctiva, and in addition, ocular itching or burning. Tears may develop, or the edema in the epithelial layer of the cornea develop, photosensitivity, corneal hypoesthesia, point epithelial erosions, as well as ptosis, diplopia, blepharitis with keratitis and conjunctivitis, and also dry eye mucous and short-term visual acuity disorder.
In the case of performing anti-glaucomatous surgical procedures during the post-operation period, a detachment of the vascular ocular membrane may develop.
Among the common manifestations are:
- organs of the cardiovascular system: the development of bradyarrhythmia or bradycardia, heart failure, collapse, AV blockade, and in addition lowering blood pressure, temporary circulatory disorders in the brain and cardiac arrest;
- organs of the respiratory system: the development of bronchial spasm, dyspnoea, as well as pulmonary insufficiency;
- CNS organs: the appearance of dizziness or headaches, hallucinations, ear ringing, the development of depression, muscle weakness, paresthesias, feelings of drowsiness, as well as a decrease in the speed of psychomotor response;
- Gastrointestinal organs: development of nausea, diarrhea, and also vomiting;
- manifestations of allergies: the emergence of eczema or urticaria;
- Other: the appearance of bleeding from the nose, runny nose, pain in the sternum, the development of alopecia, as well as weakening the potency.
With the development of negative reactions, it is recommended to cancel the use of drops and consult with the treating doctor.
Dosing and administration
For children from 10 years old, as well as adults, it is required to instill a solution (0.25%) in the amount of the first drop in each eye twice a day. If this dose does not work - use a 0.5% solution, also in the amount of the 1st drop twice a day.
After the intraocular pressure stabilizes, it is required to instill the eyes in a supportive regime - on the 1-st drop once a day (0.25% solution).
For children under 10 years of age - on the 1st drop twice a day (0.25% solution).
The course of therapy with Okumed solution often lasts long enough. Change the size of the dose or take a break in treatment can be exclusively with the appointment of the treating doctor.
Overdose
As a result of overdose, general resorptive reactions that are characteristic of drugs of β-blockers can develop: headaches, bradycardia, dizziness, arrhythmia, vomiting with nausea, bronchial spasms.
To remove the impairment, it is necessary to immediately perform eye rinsing (for this use plain water or sodium chloride solution (0.9%)), as well as conduct symptomatic treatment.
Interactions with other drugs
In the case of combined use with eye drops that contain epinephrine, it is possible to develop mydriasis.
The specific property of the solution (lowering the level of intraocular pressure) increases in the case of a combination with droplets containing pilocarpine with epinephrine. Therefore, it is not possible to use 2 β-blocker simultaneously.
The risk of slowing heart rate, as well as lowering blood pressure, increases with simultaneous use of the drug with blockers of slow Ca channels, and also with other β-adrenoblockers and reserpine.
Combination of Okumed with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin can cause the development of hypoglycemia.
It is forbidden to combine the solution with antipsychotics (neuroleptics) and anxiolytics (tranquilizers).
During the use of eye drops, methyl carbinol is prohibited, because this combination can lead to a sharp drop in blood pressure.
Timolol improves the properties of muscle relaxants peripheral action, which is why it is required to stop using Ocumed at least 48 hours before the planned operation with the use of general anesthesia.