Oxapin

Oxapine is a drug for the treatment of epilepsy. Oxarbazepine is the active ingredient of the anticonvulsant Oxapine. Oscarbazepine belongs to the group of carboxamides. It is used both independently and in combination to treat epilepsy in adults and children. It was first obtained in the late sixties of the twentieth century, and only in one thousand nine hundred and ninety was it approved as an antiepileptic drug. It began to be used in the countries of the European Union and the United States only at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In 2011, it was approved as a vital and essential drug in the Russian Federation.

Indications Oxapin

The drug is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment and adjuvant therapy of adults and children from six years of age. The drug is used to prevent temporary disorders of brain function (with secondary generalization), which manifest themselves in the form of spontaneous muscle contraction, mental and central nervous system disorders, foaming at the mouth, spontaneous defecation and urination. After generalized tonic-clonic seizures, the patient usually does not remember what happened.

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Release form

The medicine is produced in the form of solid dosage forms. In addition to oscarbazepine, Oscapin tablets contain food additive E460, which is used to increase chemical resistance and stable color. Water-insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone "Crospovidone" is used as a binder in the Medicine. The silicon dioxide adsorbent promotes rapid tissue healing. Emulsifier E572, magnesium stearate, helps mix all components of the medicine to a uniform consistency. Isopropyl is used as an antiseptic.

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Pharmacodynamics

Oxapin is a medicinal pharmaceutical preparation used as an anticonvulsant for epileptic seizures. The pharmaceutical action of Oxapin is associated with the delay of impulses in sodium channels, which reduces the spike activity of smooth muscles. Prevents the development of non-synaptic extracellular processes. The anticonvulsant action of the drug is based on increasing the conductivity of potassium ions and increasing the throughput of the impulse capacity of calcium channels. The drug The drug is effective both when used independently and together with other anticonvulsants.

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Pharmacokinetics

After taking the anticonvulsant (on an empty stomach) and absorbing it into the stomach walls, its concentration in the blood increases and its maximum value is reached approximately four and a half hours after the start of taking it. Oxcarbazepine is metabolized, turning into a pharmacologically active metabolite. Usually, food intake does not affect the rate of absorption and metabolic conversion of oxcarbazepine of the pharmaceutical drug Oxapin, in the metabolism of which liver enzymes are mainly involved. Excretion in the form of metabolites is carried out mainly by the kidneys and only a very small amount is excreted in the feces. The half-life of the drug Oxapin is approximately ten hours. A stable concentration of oxcarbazepine metabolites of the pharmaceutical drug Oxapin is achieved (when taken twice a day) fifty hours after the start of taking it.

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Dosing and administration

The medicine is used regardless of meal time. This medicine can be used both independently and as part of a course with other anticonvulsants. In all cases, the daily dose is divided into two doses. If the drug is effective, the daily dose can be increased. When prescribing the pharmaceutical drug Oxapin in combination with other pharmaceutical drugs, careful monitoring is required and, depending on the effectiveness of the treatment, the doses of concomitant anticonvulsants may be reduced, or the rate of increase in drug doses may be changed. The drug should be prescribed exclusively by the attending physician, who should subsequently monitor the patient's condition.

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Use Oxapin during pregnancy

Discontinuation of the drug during pregnancy may adversely affect both the mother's condition (causing further development of the disease) and the fetus. It is important to understand that during pregnancy the level of metabolites in the blood may gradually decrease, so careful monitoring and assessment of the concentration of metabolites is necessary. Monitoring of the concentration of metabolites should also be carried out in the postpartum period, especially in cases where the amount of the drug Oxapin used has increased. It is well known that vitamin B9 deficiency often occurs during pregnancy. Anticonvulsants can increase the deficiency of this vitamin, which may be one of the suspected factors in developmental disorders of the unborn child. Metabolites of oxcarbazepine of the drug Oxapin are excreted in breast milk, so artificial feeding should be used.

Contraindications

One of the important contraindications for treatment with the pharmaceutical drug Oxapin is individual intolerance to any of its components. The drug is not prescribed for disorders of the heart muscle, liver diseases. It is still advisable not to use the anticonvulsant Oxapin during pregnancy, as this often leads to embryonic mortality or the development of congenital pathologies. You should refuse to take the pharmaceutical drug Oxapin during lactation, because the metabolites of oxcarbazepine easily enter the mother's breast milk.

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Side effects Oxapin

Side effects are listed from the highest probability of occurrence when taking the drug Oxapin to those that occur very rarely.

Very common: Hypersomnia, which is characterized by excessive duration of sleep, migraine, visual impairment consisting of double vision of visible objects, nausea, vomiting, increased fatigue.

Common: Impaired consciousness, mental disorders characterized by depressive state, anhedonia, strong feelings of anxiety and fear, lack of coordination of movements of various muscles, motor disorders, involuntary high-frequency oscillatory eye movements.

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Overdose

The most common reaction to an overdose of the drug Oxapin is hypersomnia, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, a feeling of uncertainty in determining one's position in space, loss of balance, a painful sensation in the epigastric region and throat, reflex ejection of stomach contents through the mouth, a state of insufficient motor activity of the body with a limitation of the pace and range of motion, moderate hyponatremia, impaired coordination of movements of various muscles, motor disorder, involuntary high-frequency oscillatory eye movements.

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Interactions with other drugs

Clinical studies have confirmed that Oxapin can change the concentration of lamotrigine, resulting in a decrease in the potential effect of Oxapin. This is the most important property of the combined use of drugs is important when prescribing drugs to children. The simultaneous use of strong anteconvulsants leads to a decrease in the concentration of metabolites in the blood. The simultaneous administration of Oxapin ilamotrigine increases the risk of adverse reactions such as hypersomnia, motor disorders, a painful sensation in the epigastric region and throat, loss of balance, vomiting, uncertainty in determining one's position in space. When several drugs are prescribed simultaneously, constant monitoring and adjustment of the doses of anticonvulsants prescribed together with the pharmaceutical drug Oxapin is necessary.

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Storage conditions

It is advisable to store the pharmaceutical product in closed original packaging in a dry place at temperatures not lower than five and not higher than thirty degrees Celsius, with a relative humidity of not more than sixty percent. Avoid exposing the tablets of the pharmaceutical product Oxapin to direct sunlight. The product should be kept away from children and pets. It is prohibited to use the anticonvulsant Oxapin, which has been exposed to high temperatures (above 85°C) or water even for a short time. In the above cases, the drug Oxapin should be disposed of.

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Special instructions

The anticonvulsant Oxapin should not be used in patients with hypersensitivity to carbamazepine, as such patients may have a similar reaction to oxcarbazepine. Oxapin should be discontinued immediately at the first signs of hypersensitivity to the drug. Hyponatremia is observed in approximately three percent of those taking the anticonvulsant Oxapin. When the dose is reduced, the sodium concentration is restored. It is especially necessary to carefully measure the serum sodium level in patients with renal insufficiency. Also, a decrease in sodium concentration can cause fluid retention in the body in patients with cardiovascular disorders. If this occurs, fluid intake should be limited. Women should be aware that the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives will be lower when taking the pharmaceutical drug Oxapin.

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Shelf life

The shelf life of the drug Oxapin is three years. Such a shelf life of the drug Oxapin is possible only in cases of intact packaging and correct storage conditions of this anticonvulsant. The rules for storing the drug Oxapin are described in the instructions for use, which must be preserved for the entire period of use of the drug. Instructions for use and storage of the anticonvulsant Oxapin should be stored in a cardboard box together with the unused drug. After the expiration date, the drug must be disposed of.

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