Oksapin

Oxapine is a medicinal preparation for the treatment of epilepsy. Oxarbazepine is an active ingredient in the anticonvulsant Oxapine. Oscarbazepine is part of the carboxamide group. It is used alone or in combination for the treatment of epilepsy in adults and children. It was first obtained in the late sixties of the twentieth century, and only by the year nineteen nineteen, it was approved as an anti-epileptic drug. It began to be applied in the countries of the European Union and the USA only at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In 2011, it was approved as a vital and most important drug in the Russian Federation.

Indications Oksapin

The drug is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment and supportive therapy in adults and children from the age of six. The medication is used to prevent temporary impairments of brain functions (with secondary generalization), which manifest themselves as spontaneous muscle contraction, mental and central nervous system disorders, the release of foam from the mouth, spontaneous defecation and urination. After generalized tonic-clonic seizures, the patient usually does not remember what happened.

[1], [2]

Release form

The medicine is produced in the form of solid dosage forms. In addition to oscarbazepine, Oskapine tablets contain the E460 nutritional supplement, which is used to increase chemical resistance and stable coloration. As a binder in the preparation, the drug is used water-insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone "Crospovidone". Adsorbent silica contributes to the fastest healing of tissues. All components of the preparation helps to mix the emulsifier E572-magnesium stearic acid salt to a homogeneous consistency. Isopropyl is used as an antiseptic. 

[3], [4], [5]

Pharmacodynamics

Oxapine is a medicinal pharmaceutical used as an anticonvulsant in epileptic seizures. The pharmacological action of oxapine is associated with delayed impulses in sodium channels, which reduces the spike activity of smooth muscles. Prevents the development of non-synaptic extracellular processes. The anticonvulsant effect of the drug is based on an increase in the conductivity of potassium ions and an increase in the transmission capacity of calcium channels. Drug The drug is effective, both with self-use and with other anticonvulsants.

[6], [7], [8]

Pharmacokinetics

After taking an anticonvulsant (on an empty stomach) and sucking it into the walls of the stomach, its concentration in the blood increases and its limiting value becomes approximately four and a half hours after the start of the intake. Oxcarbazepine is metabolized, becoming a pharmacologically active metabolite. Usually, eating does not affect the rate of absorption and metabolic conversion of oxcarbazepine Oksapin pharmaceutical preparation, in the metabolism of which, mainly, hepatic enzymes are involved. Excretion in the form of metabolites is produced mainly by the kidneys and only a very small amount is excreted with feces. The half-life of Oksapin is approximately 10 hours. The stable concentration of metabolites of oxcarbazepine pharmaceutical preparation Oxapine is reached (with admission twice a day) fifty hours after the start of admission.

[9], [10], [11], [12]

Dosing and administration

The drug is used regardless of the time of eating. This medicine can be used alone or as part of a course with other anticonvulsants. In all cases, the daily dose is divided into two doses. In case of effectiveness of the drug, you can increase the daily dose. When prescribing a pharmaceutical Oksapin in combination with other pharmaceuticals requires careful monitoring and depending on the effectiveness of treatment, the doses of concomitant anticonvulsants may decrease, or the rate of increase of the drug doses may change. The administration of the drug should be carried out exclusively by the attending physician, who should monitor the patient's condition in the subsequent.

[15], [16]

Use Oksapin during pregnancy

Interruption of the use of the pharmaceutical during pregnancy can adversely affect the mother's condition (causing further development of the disease) and the fetus. It is necessary to realize that during pregnancy, the level of metabolites in the blood can gradually decrease, so careful monitoring and evaluation of the concentration of metabolites is necessary. Control over the concentration of metabolites should be carried out in the postpartum period, especially when the amount of Oksapin used is increasing. It is well known that during pregnancy, vitamin B9 deficiency often occurs. Anticonvulsants can increase the deficiency of this vitamin, which may be one of the alleged factors of developmental disorders of the unborn child. Metabolites of oxcarbazepine pharmaceutical preparation Oxapine are excreted in breast milk, therefore it is necessary to switch to artificial feeding.

Contraindications

One of the important contraindications for the treatment of pharmaceutical preparation Oksapin is the individual intolerance of any of its components. The drug is not prescribed for violations of cardiac muscle, liver disease. It is advisable not to use anticonvulsant Oxapine during pregnancy, as this often leads to embryonic mortality or the development of congenital pathologies. It should be refrained from taking Oksapin pharmaceutical preparation during lactation, because the metabolites of oxcarbazepine can easily enter the mother's breast milk.

[13]

Side effects Oksapin

Side effects are described from the greatest probability of frequency of occurrence at reception of pharmaceutical preparation Oksapin, to that meet very seldom.

Very often there is: Hypersomia, which is characterized by excessive sleep duration, migraine, visual impairment of the visible objects, nausea, vomiting, increased fatigue.

Often: Violation of consciousness, mental disorders characterized by a depressive state, anhedonia, a strong sense of anxiety and fear, a violation of the coordination of movements of various muscles, motor disorders, involuntary vibrational movements of the eyes of high frequency.

[14]

Overdose

Oksapin is the most frequent reaction when overdose of pharmaceutical preparation Oksapin is hypersomnia, characterized by daytime excessive sleepiness, a feeling of uncertainty in determining its position in space, loss of balance, a painful sensation in the epigastric region and pharynx, a reflex eruption of the contents of the stomach through the mouth, a state of insufficient motor activity of the organism with a limited rate and the volume of movements, moderate hyponatremia, violation of coordination of movements of various muscles, motor disorder, nepr Oscillatory movements of the eyes of high frequency.

[17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22]

Interactions with other drugs

Clinical studies have confirmed that oxapine can alter the concentration of lamotrigine, resulting in a reduced potential for oxapin exposure. This is the most important property of joint use of drugs is important when prescribing drugs to children. Simultaneous use of strong antekonvulsantov leads to a decrease in the concentration of metabolites in the blood. Simultaneous administration of oxapine ylamotrigine increases the risk of adverse reactions such as hypersomnia, motor disorder, a painful sensation in the epigastric region and pharynx, loss of balance, vomiting, uncertainty in determining its position in space. When concurrently prescribing several drugs, constant monitoring and dose adjustment anticonvulsants prescribed together with pharmaceutical preparation Oksapin. 

[23], [24], [25]

Storage conditions

Pharmaceutical preparation is preferably stored in closed original packages in a dry place at temperatures not lower than five and not more than thirty degrees Celsius, with relative humidity not exceeding sixty percent. Be careful not to get on the tablets pharmaceutical preparation Oksapin direct sunlight. The drug should be protected from children and pets. It is forbidden to use anticonvulsant Oxapine, which has fallen under even a short-term exposure to high temperature (above 85 ° C) or water. In the above cases, the oxapine preparation should be disposed of.

[26], [27]

Special instructions

Anticonvulsant Oxapine is not advisable to use with increased sensitivity to carbamazepine, as in such patients there may be a similar reaction to oxcarbazepine. Oxapine should be immediately withdrawn at the first sign of hyper-responsiveness to the drug. Hyponatremia is observed in about three percent of people taking anticonvulsant Oxapine. With decreasing doses, the sodium concentration is restored. Especially carefully it is necessary to measure serum sodium level in patients with renal insufficiency. Also, a decrease in the concentration of sodium can cause a fluid retention in the body in patients with impaired cardiovascular system. When it occurs, the fluid intake should be limited. Women should be aware that the effectiveness of using hormonal contraceptives will be lower when taking Oksapin pharmaceutical preparation.

[28], [29],

Shelf life

The shelf life of Oksapin is three years. Such a shelf-life of Oksapin is possible only in cases of undamaged packaging and proper storage conditions for this anticonvulsant. The rules for storage of the drug Oxapine are described in the instructions for use, which should be maintained throughout the period of use of the drug. Instructions for use and storage of anticonvulsant Oxapine should be stored in a cardboard box along with an unused preparation. After the expiry date, the drug must be disposed of. 

[30], [31], [32], [33]