Nitroxoline for cystitis in women and men

Cystitis is a serious disease of the urinary system. It is worth noting that the pathology is accompanied by severe pain, an inflammatory process that affects the kidneys, ureters, bladder. A progressive infection develops. Difficulty urinating, there is pain, which increases in the process of urination. Mandatory treatment is required. One of the most effective means is nitroxoline for cystitis, which is the drug of choice No. 1.

Does nitroxoline help with cystitis?

Nitroxoline is the international non-proprietary name of the drug. That is, it is a pure active substance that can be used by various manufacturers, and is part of many drugs. Then the manufacturer gives the commercial name of the drug and registers it.

To answer the question whether nitroxoline helps with cystitis, it is necessary to consider the mechanism of its action. The active ingredient has antibacterial properties. Cystitis is a disease of bacterial origin. Accordingly, nitroxoline is effective in cystitis. It affects various microorganisms (both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms), as well as fungal microflora. Separately, it is worth noting that the drug also has a nephrolitolytic effect, that is, it provides resorption and removal of stones, salts and sand from the kidneys.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Indications Nitroxoline

Nitroxoline is a practically universal drug that is used for cystitis in both men and women. The drug effectively relieves pain, eliminates inflammation, prevents the development of an infectious process. Against the background of the use of nitroxoline, the risk of developing diseases of internal organs, gynecological and urological pathologies is significantly reduced. A characteristic feature is the ability to eliminate the congestion that often accompanies diseases of the kidneys, urinary organs. Prevents damage to mucous membranes. Often used in gynecology and urology, which is an important condition for full sexual life, reproductive health.

There are quite a few indications for the use of nitroxoline. One of the main indications is cystitis. The disease is an inflammatory process of the urinary tract. Accompanied by an infectious process. Other organs (bladder, urinary system) are also involved in the pathological process.

Nitroxoline is prescribed in its pure form as an independent active ingredient. Also prescribed various drugs analogues, which include nitroxoline. The drug is prescribed not only in the form of monotherapy, but also included in the complex therapy, because by itself it does not always have the desired effect. The indications for use are such diagnoses as: nephritis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, cystitis, as well as inflammatory processes of the reproductive system (gout, urethritis, impotence and sexual weakness, infertility, pelvic inflammation, gynecological diseases).

Assign with inflammatory, bacterial, stagnant processes, as well as the formation of stones, sand and salt. Assign with urolithiasis, expressed urinary syndrome, dysuria, crystalluria.

Nitroxoline for acute and chronic cystitis

Nitroxoline is one of the main drugs used to treat cystitis. It is prescribed for both acute and chronic cystitis. Many urologists, nephrologists prefer this particular drug, because it quickly and effectively relieves inflammation, stops the infection. One of the main criteria by which it is recommended to choose this particular drug is that it is relatively safe. This drug has minimal side effects. Additionally, it is worth noting that nitroxoline absorbs kidney stones, removes salt and sand.

Nitroxoline for cystitis with blood

Blood cystitis is a serious condition that requires nitroxolin to be prescribed. When cystitis is important to eliminate the inflammatory and infectious process. This can be achieved by using nitroxoline. First, the drug has antibacterial properties. Secondly, the drug normalizes the microflora. Achieve a positive effect with long-term treatment. Often the drug is included in the complex therapy. It affects not only the kidneys, but also the urinary tract, the ureters, and partly the reproductive system. Applied not only for therapeutic purposes, but also as a prophylactic agent.

Nitroxoline for the prevention of cystitis

Since nitroxoline has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, it is advisable to prescribe it for the prevention of not only cystitis, but also many other inflammatory and infectious diseases of the urinary system, kidneys. In addition, the drug has a nephrolitolytic effect (provides resorption and removal of stones and sand from the kidneys).

The drug has a stimulating effect (increases immunity, general endurance, body resistance, normalizes microflora). Achieving the normal quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the microbiocenosis provides colonization resistance of the mucous membranes of the urogenital tract, kidneys. Normalizes the metabolic processes in the kidneys, optimizes the nutrition of the kidneys themselves. This normalizes their function, is a means of preventing urolithiasis and crystalluria.

Release form

The only form of release of the drug are pills. They have a biconvex shape, are covered with a shell, the color can be different - from light yellow to dark orange. If the tablet is cut, three layers will be clearly visible.

Nitroxoline is available in pill form. The dosage is 50 mg. Nitroxoline is the main active ingredient. Depending on the manufacturer, there may be pure forms of this preparation, and there may be preparations with admixtures of excipients. In fact, they have no effect. In some cases, may slightly enhance the activity of the drug. The package may contain a different number of tablets. The minimum number of tablets is 10 pieces, the maximum - 100 pieces. You can also purchase packaging for 25, 30, 40 and 50 pieces.

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Pharmacodynamics

When analyzing the pharmacodynamics of nitroxoline, it can be noted that the drug belongs to the quinolone group and has antimicrobial activity. But he is not an antibiotic. The mechanism of action is that it reduces the ability to multiply bacteria, prevents the progression of the infectious and inflammatory process. They also have the ability to penetrate inside the cell of the microorganism, and disrupt DNA replication there, which prevents both the further multiplication of the bacterium and results in the death of the microbial cell. A characteristic feature is that the substance has the ability to selectively bind with the cells of the microorganism, without exerting any negative effects on the human body. The drug is active against many microorganisms, including an effect against Trichomonas, fungi, mycobacteria, gonococci. Normalizes microflora. A characteristic feature is that the drug is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, and transported precisely to the kidneys and urinary organs, where the main action takes place. Excreted in the urine in virtually unchanged form.

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Pharmacokinetics

When analyzing the pharmacokinetics, it should be noted that the drug mainly enters the body through the digestive system. The main absorption occurs in the small intestine (through the walls and mucous membranes). Penetrates directly into the blood. Acts very quickly: the maximum amount of the drug in the blood is observed after 2-3 hours. The first portion comes about 30-40 minutes after ingestion. Blood transports the drug to the urinary system, the kidneys. After the active substance has reached the target organ, where the main focus of inflammation is located, a reaction occurs aimed at removing the inflammatory process and preventing further progression of the infection. This is where the main metabolic pathway takes place, processing and splitting of the substance take place.

Excreted in the urine. This has a positive effect on treatment, since the drug penetrates precisely into the focus of inflammation. But with the pathology of kidney non-infectious genesis, this may have negative consequences. Accumulation of the drug in the renal tissue creates an additional burden on the kidneys. These features of pharmacokinetics should be considered in patients suffering from kidney disease, as well as renal failure. The rate of elimination of the drug and its active components is determined by the glomerular filtration rate and averages 10-12 hours.

How quickly nitroxoline helps also depends on many factors. It usually takes 7-10 days for complete recovery. The first signs of improvement appear as early as 2-3 days after taking the drug. It should be noted that the features of pharmacokinetics are largely determined by the dosage.

[9], [10]

Use Nitroxoline during pregnancy

Definitely answer the question whether the use of nitroxoline is permitted during pregnancy is impossible. Opinions differ among clinicians and practitioners. Some believe that the use of the drug during pregnancy does not bring harm. Others try not to use it during this period. In the instructions, pregnancy is indicated as a contraindication to use. But you need to understand that everything is strictly individual, and is determined primarily by the ratio of risk and benefit.

The doctor must evaluate the patient's condition. The pathology of the kidneys, urinary system in a pregnant woman can not be cured. During pregnancy, any inflammatory, and even more infectious process is a danger to the fetus. Especially if the urinary system, which borders the reproductive organs, is subject to inflammation. It should also be borne in mind that during pregnancy, even if it proceeds normally, the load on the kidneys increases. If they are subject to inflammation, treatment is simply necessary, otherwise it can lead to severe pathology of the kidneys, up to and including renal failure. When the pathology of the kidneys develop preeclampsia, severe edema, which harm both the mother and the child, are the cause of complications during childbirth, suffocation, stillbirth, maternal mortality.

Therefore, the doctor must rationally weigh the pros and cons, and evaluate how appropriate the appointment of nitroxoline. In principle, as shown by research results, the drug does not have a negative and disastrous effect on the fetus. Therefore, if the risk of lack of treatment exceeds the side effects, of course, you need to prescribe the drug. There are many cases of prescribing the drug to pregnant women, and there have been no negative consequences for the fetus after its birth. Gynecologists still prefer not to prescribe the drug in the third trimester, whereas in the first two trimesters, the use is allowed. Conventionally, the drug can be taken up to 30 weeks. Of course, self-medication is by no means impossible. For the appointment of the drug need good reason. It is necessary to be treated under strict medical supervision.

In some cases, the use of nitroxoline is recommended during pregnancy for prophylactic purposes (if there are any pathologies on the part of the kidneys and urinary system). This is due to the fact that pregnancy creates an additional load of the kidney, increases the risk of complications and exacerbations.

Contraindications

The drug has practically no contraindications. The exception is only 4 cases. The drug should not be given to children under 3 months. Contraindicated in children who have a history of prematurity. It is not recommended if a person has an allergy (increased reactivity, individual intolerance of one or several components that make up the drug). Also among the relative contraindications to the use include kidney disease and pregnancy.

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Side effects Nitroxoline

Cases when there were side effects, few are registered. They are mainly associated with improper use of the drug. Most often develops a reaction from the digestive system. This may be nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence, pain and spasm of the intestine, stomach, constipation. People who are prone to allergies may experience an allergic reaction (most often these are skin reactions: urticaria, rash, irritation, swelling and redness of the skin). In case of overdose, signs of intoxication and other symptoms characteristic of poisoning may develop.

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Dosing and administration

Usually the drug is prescribed inside. Tablets need to be swallowed whole. You can not chew or crush them. This is due to the fact that they are covered with a shell that protects them from neutralization with gastric juice. They penetrate the intestines, and only there dissolve, after which they are absorbed. The method of application is one for all, but the doses may vary. In normal, uncomplicated inflammation, 2 tablets (100 mg) are prescribed twice a day. Children are prescribed a tablet (50 mg) twice a day. In more severe cases, with severe bacterial infection, severe complications, progression of the disease, the dosage may be increased. The maximum allowable dosage is 20 tablets per day.

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How much and how to drink nitroxoline for cystitis?

Answering the question of how to drink nitroxoline for cystitis is much easier than the question of how much to drink it. Thus, the method of using the drug is only one - oral (tablets swallow, whole). The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor. It is based on the history data, the results of the examination, the patient's state of health, the severity of the pathological process.

It is almost impossible to say exactly how long the treatment will take. The minimum course of treatment is usually 7-10 days. But in a serious condition, treatment can be extended up to a month. Less than 7-10 days is also not recommended to be treated, because during this time, as a rule, the disease is not cured, but only its main symptoms are hidden. Treatment should be continued even if the symptoms no longer disturb the person, and there are no visible signs of pathology. Otherwise, the disease may become chronic, or relapse occurs.

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Nitroxoline for children with cystitis

Studies show that nitroxoline is relatively safe, so it is often prescribed for children with cystitis. It is excreted in the urine unchanged. Does not have a systemic, toxic effect on the body, so it can be prescribed even for newborns. But many people think that it is better to refrain from prescribing the drug to children until they reach 3 months of age.

As for premature babies, they should not be given nitroxoline, since the kidneys are still immature, there is a large load on them. The drug does not have time to be removed, accumulates in the kidneys. With a high concentration can even get into the blood. It ends with intoxication of the body. If there is prematurity in the history, children do not prescribe this drug even after they reach 3 months of age.

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Overdose

Cases of overdose practically do not arise. With the introduction of a large dose, the surpluses are rather quickly excreted in the urine. However, in this case, an overdose may occur. For example, if you drink too much drug. Usually for overdose you need to drink more than 20 tablets per day. Overdose cases are observed in many diseases of the kidneys (non-infectious nature), in chronic pathologies, renal failure (when the kidneys will not cope with the load, they will not be able to recycle all the medicine).

Cases of overdose are often observed against the background of pyelonephritis, nephritis, glomerulonephritis. Individual cases of overdose during pregnancy have been reported. Also intoxication is observed in premature babies due to the immaturity of the kidneys, and their inability to remove the drug. Accordingly, it accumulates in the kidneys and causes an overdose.

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Interactions with other drugs

Enhancement of the therapeutic effect can be achieved when combined with antibiotics, nystatin, levorin. This increases the effect of both drugs. Usually, when combined therapy with the use of nitroxoline, the dosage of the antibiotic is halved. When combined with nitrofuran and its derivatives, there are side effects from the nervous system. The use of nitroxoline leads to a decrease in the therapeutic effect of antacids, which include magnesium. Therefore, it is not recommended to combine the drug with drugs such as Maalox, Almagel. Also, the combined use reduces the activity of nalidixic acid, so its dosage must be increased several times. In combination with alcohol leads to the development of side effects and symptoms of poisoning. Due to the fact that nitroxoline is a drug of cumulative action (it accumulates in the blood and persists for a long time after the end of administration, providing a therapeutic effect), you should not take alcohol for another 5-7 days after the end of treatment.

Storage conditions

The drug is well stored in normal, room storage conditions. It should be stored in its original packaging, in a dry and dark place, which is not accessible to children.

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Shelf life

Typically, the shelf life should not exceed 2 years from the date of manufacture (indicated on the package). Otherwise, the active ingredients lose their activity, the treatment will not be effective (and sometimes even causes symptoms of intoxication).

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If nitroxoline does not help with cystitis?

There are cases when nitroxoline does not help with cystitis. If this happens, you need to resort to another drug, or find its equivalent.

Ciston has proven itself quite well. This is a herbal medicine based on natural herbal ingredients. The drug is made in India. Use mainly extracts and extracts from various plants. It consists of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial agents. Some plants affect gram-positive microorganisms, while others affect gram-negative microorganisms. Also, the drug has a nephrolitolytic effect (provides resorption and removal of stones and sand from the kidneys). Some components have a stimulating effect, increasing immunity.

If nitroxoline does not help, you can also try kanephron. It is effective in cystitis. It is a drug that is used both for the treatment and prevention of many diseases: eliminates bacterial infection, reduces inflammation, eliminates diseases of the kidneys, urinary system, reduces the amount of protein in the urine.

Urolesan is a preparation of plant origin, which is prescribed for diseases of the kidneys and urinary organs. It differs in that it can be applied for a long time: if necessary, the course of treatment can be extended up to several months.

Phytolysin is an analogue of nitroxoline. The composition includes vegetable ingredients. Assign in the event that a person has an allergy.

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Analogs

Analogs include 5-Nitrox, 5-NOK, nitroxoline - AKOS, amizolid, dixin, dioxidine, zenix, zyvox, kirin, monural, sanguinythrin, fosofoimtsin, linezolid, teva, stp cystitis, furadonin.

You can try urolesan, kanefron or phytolysin. Nephrophic, spilled, renel, rovatinex, solidago, trinefron, urolesan, uro-control, uro-rya, uronephron, urocholum, phytolysin, flavium are also used interchangeably.

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Stop cystitis with nitroxoline

Stop cystitis is a suspension for oral administration with nitroxoline as the active ingredient. Also part of a number of herbal ingredients that have an additional anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating effect. It is recommended to appoint children at the rate of 4 ml per 5 kg of body weight. It is worth noting that the drug belongs to the means of veterinary use. But it is so proven and safe that people can use it. Often prescribed for prophylactic purposes, since the vegetable components that make up it make it safer, prevent side effects. Assign also to dogs and cats.

Furadonin

It is an analogue of nitroxoline. The advantage of it is that it is produced not only in the form of tablets, but also in the form of a suspension. Therefore, it is convenient to assign children. Indications for use furadonina all the same as for nitroxoline. Refers to a broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. There are more side effects than nitroxoline. For example, people should not be taken with heart, circulatory or respiratory diseases, as well as during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Reviews

When analyzing reviews, we state that most of the reviews are positive. With cystitis, Nitroxoline  quickly relieves pain, inflammation, prevents the development of infection and complications. Assign both adults and children. The course of treatment may be on average 7-14 days. Already after about 2-3 days there is a noticeable improvement. After about 5-7 days, the symptoms disappear, but the treatment is recommended to continue to eliminate the chronization of the process, the likelihood of a relapse. Almost everyone notes that the drug is well tolerated, does not cause side effects. It is necessary to focus on the ability of the drug to remove stones, sand from the kidneys, dissolve salts. Patients write that nitroxoline makes it possible to effectively maintain remission if it is taken for prophylactic purposes. Well tolerated during pregnancy, and children. Can be taken from 3 months.