Nemocide

Nemocide is an antihelminthic drug that contains the element pyrantel. The drug demonstrates its activity in the early phase of helminth development, and also affects their mature forms; at the same time, it does not affect migrating larvae.

The medicinal effect develops in diseases caused by the activity of pinworms, New World hookworms, human roundworms, Trichostrongylos orientalis, as well as duodenal hookworms and Trichostrongylos colubriformis.

Indications Nemocide

It is used in case of development of enterobiasis, ascariasis or ancylostomiasis.

Release form

The drug is produced in tablets - 3 pieces inside a cell plate; a pack contains 1 such plate, and a box contains 10 packs.

In addition, it is sold as a suspension for oral administration - in 10 or 15 ml bottles; there is 1 such bottle in a box.

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Pharmacodynamics

The drug acts by depolarizing the cell walls, which causes neuromuscular paralysis in parasites. As a result, the muscles of the helminths spasm, which are then excreted during gastrointestinal peristalsis.

Pharmacokinetics

In the intestines, pyrantel is poorly absorbed, primarily due to the low solubility of pyrantel pamoate. After oral administration of a dose of 10 mg/kg, the serum Cmax value is approximately 0.005-0.13 μg/ml and is observed after 1-3 hours.

Part of the drug is involved in intrahepatic metabolic processes, after which it is excreted unchanged and in the form of derivatives. A maximum of 7% of the substance is excreted in the urine.

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Dosing and administration

The medicine is taken orally only, after shaking the bottle with the suspension (the tablets must be chewed thoroughly before swallowing). The use of the medicine does not require the use of laxatives, refusal of food or other preparatory procedures. A portion of the substance is allowed to be taken at any time of the day, regardless of food intake. The dosage is selected by the doctor, taking into account the severity of the pathology and the personal characteristics of the patient.

In case of ascariasis or enterobiasis, 10-12 mg/kg of the drug is often prescribed. Children are usually prescribed an average single dose of 125 mg/10 kg, and an adult (weight below 75 kg) is prescribed a single dose of 0.75 g. If an adult weighs more than 75 kg, 1 g of the drug should be taken once.

During therapy for enterobiasis, it is necessary to adhere to all the rules of personal hygiene (it is especially important to monitor this in small children). In addition, in the case of enterobiasis, a repeat course of therapy may be prescribed after 3 weeks from the end of the course of therapy.

People with ancylostomiasis (severe stages of development or stay in endemic areas) are often given 20 mg/kg in 1-2 doses over a period of 2-3 days. Children are prescribed an average dose of 0.25 g/10 kg (1-time dose), adults weighing less than 75 kg - 1-time dose of 1.5 g of the drug, and people weighing over 75 kg - 2 g (1-time dose).

In case of light invasion in non-endemic areas, 10 mg/kg of the drug can be administered once.

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Use Nemocide during pregnancy

Animal testing of pyrantel pamoate has not revealed any teratogenic effects on the fetus or adverse effects on pregnancy. There are no data on adverse effects on pregnancy and fetal development, but Nemocid can only be used with a doctor's prescription, after assessing all possible risks.

During breastfeeding, the drug is used only if there are strict indications and after determining the benefit-risk ratio.

There is no information regarding the effect of the drug on fertility.

Contraindications

Main contraindications:

• severe hypersensitivity to pyrantel or additional components of the drug;
• use in people with impaired liver function.

Side effects Nemocide

The use of the drug only rarely leads to the appearance of side effects. Due to the weak systemic absorption of the drug, the probability of developing general manifestations is quite low, but there are isolated reports of the appearance of such signs:

• CNS dysfunction: drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, sleep disorders, headaches, paresthesia and hallucinations;
• disorders associated with the epidermis and subcutaneous layer: rashes and urticaria;
• gastrointestinal disorders: nausea, tenesmus, diarrhea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain of a spastic nature, vomiting and increased exposure to liver isoenzymes;
• others: increased temperature, fatigue and epidermal itching.

Overdose

Poisoning with the drug can cause bowel disorders, anorexia, ataxia and vomiting. Overdose symptoms appear quite rarely, even in the case of using large doses of the drug.

In case of development of disorders, gastric lavage is often performed, as well as taking sorbents and symptomatic actions. In addition, it is necessary to monitor the work of the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system.

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Interactions with other drugs

The drug is not used in combination with theophylline or levamisole (pyrantel leads to potentiation of the toxicity of these substances).

Nemocide should not be used in combination with piperazine (because it weakens the therapeutic effect of the former).

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Storage conditions

Nemocide must be stored in a place closed to small children. Temperature values are standard for medicinal substances.

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Shelf life

Nemocide tablets can be used within a 4-year period from the date of sale of the pharmaceutical product. The shelf life of the oral suspension is 36 months.

Application for children

The suspension is not prescribed to infants under six months of age, and the tablets are not prescribed to persons under 3 years of age.

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Analogues

Analogues of the drug are the substances Gelmintox or Pirantel.

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