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Mabkampat
Last reviewed: 03.07.2025
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The drug Mabcampat belongs to the anti-cancer drugs of the cytostatic group, that is, causing the death of cancer cells.
Indications Mabkampat
To date, the only official indication for the use of Mabcampat is a malignant blood disease - B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (chronic lymphocytic leukemia). The occurrence of this disease is caused by mutations in the B-lymphocyte genome, as a result of which it loses the ability to produce antibodies and provide immune protection to the body. The body's response to this pathology is increased synthesis of damaged lymphocytes and their accumulation in the spleen and lymph nodes.
Release form
The drug Mabcampat is available in the form of a concentrated solution for intravenous infusions, in 30 ml vials.
Pharmacodynamics
The therapeutic effect of Mabcampat is provided by the active ingredient alemtuzumab, which is a monoclonal antibody close to human. Alemtuzumab is obtained by genetically modifying human immunoglobulin (IgG1) cells by introducing the rat IgG2 antibody into them.
When entering the human body, the antibodies contained in this drug bind to a special antigen - glycolipid CD52 (glycosylphosphatidylinositol), which is located in the extracellular space and on the outer surfaces of the cell membranes of healthy and affected blood lymphocytes. Due to the presence of hydrophobic amino acids, CD52 is able to bind to the antibody alemtuzumab, which leads to the destruction (lysis) of malignant B- and T-lymphocytes.
At the same time, blood cells unaffected by pathology are restored (from 8-12 weeks from the start of drug use), since stem cells do not contain the glycolipid antigen CD52 and the action of Mabcampat does not affect them.
Pharmacokinetics
The drug Mabcampat after intravenous administration is distributed in extracellular fluids and blood plasma. Repeated administration of the drug reduces the rate of purification of biological fluids of the body - due to the loss of cytokine receptors (C 052) by peripheral blood.
The half-life of the active substance after the first dose (30 mg) ranges from 2 to 32 hours (on average - about 8 hours), after the last dose - on average 6 days (with individual variations from one day to two weeks).
According to clinical trials, an increase in the concentration of Mabcampat (alemtuzumab) in the blood serum is accompanied by a significant decrease in the formation of lymphocytes. In this case, cancer-affected lymphocytes (neutralized by the drug) accumulate in the blood and are then eliminated.
Dosing and administration
The method of administration of Mabcampat is intravenous infusions carried out over two hours (regardless of the prescribed dose). The procedures are carried out in a hospital setting, under strict medical supervision.
The initial dose of the drug is 3 mg. Then the dosage increases: on the second day - 10 mg, on the third - 30 mg. Subsequently, the dose is 30 mg per day, which is administered three times a week (every other day). The maximum duration of the course of treatment is 12 weeks.
The use of Mabcampat requires mandatory premedication - 30-60 minutes before each infusion - with steroids, painkillers and antihistamines.
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Use Mabkampat during pregnancy
The use of Mabcampat during pregnancy and breastfeeding is contraindicated. There is no data on the use of the drug in children.
Contraindications
Contraindications to the use of this drug are: hypersensitivity to the active substance; history of anaphylactic reactions (including to mouse protein); HIV-AIDS; systemic infections (rheumatism, systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerulonephritis, idiopathic purpura, autoimmune thyroiditis, etc.) in the active stage, as well as progressive secondary oncological formations.
The use of Mabcampat is not recommended in cases of renal dysfunction and diseases
Liver - unless the expected benefit of treatment outweighs the potential risk of adverse reactions.
Side effects Mabkampat
The most common side effects of Mabkampat include: headache, malaise, dizziness, fever; skin rash, urticaria, itching and increased sweating; loss of taste or taste perversion; dry mouth; stomatitis; conjunctivitis; pain in the lumbar region, behind the breastbone, in bones and muscles; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and flatulence; convulsions; bronchitis and bronchospasm.
The use of Mabcampat causes an increase or decrease in blood pressure, heart rhythm disturbances, sleep disorders, loss of appetite, pain in the epigastric region, dehydration and weight loss.
Blood tests, which must be performed regularly during the use of this drug, may show: anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, lymphopenia and other changes in blood counts.
Since Mabcampat has an immunosuppressive effect, side effects may include infection of the upper respiratory and urinary tract; symptoms of fungal infection, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, etc.
In addition, with a marked decrease in the content of lymphocytes in the blood (lymphopenia), patients may develop a life-threatening "graft versus host" syndrome, which is manifested by fever, a characteristic maculopapular rash on the earlobes, neck, palms, and upper chest and back; ulcers and a white coating on the oral mucosa; dehydration; metabolic disorders.
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Overdose
With repeated administration of single doses of Mabcampat up to a total of 240 mg, fever, hypotension and anemia may develop. There is no specific antidote for such cases: it is necessary to discontinue the drug and carry out symptomatic treatment.
Storage conditions
Storage conditions for Mabcampat: the drug should be stored in a place protected from light at a temperature of + 2-8 ° C (freezing is not allowed). The solution prepared for infusion should be used no later than 8 hours after preparation (store in the refrigerator).
Shelf life
The shelf life is 3 years.
Attention!
To simplify the perception of information, this instruction for use of the drug "Mabkampat" translated and presented in a special form on the basis of the official instructions for medical use of the drug. Before use read the annotation that came directly to medicines.
Description provided for informational purposes and is not a guide to self-healing. The need for this drug, the purpose of the treatment regimen, methods and dose of the drug is determined solely by the attending physician. Self-medication is dangerous for your health.