Hyperplasia of the breast

Hyperplasia of the breast is a disease of the breast caused by the overgrowth of its tissues. It occurs very often, according to statistics, 8 women out of 10 are susceptible to this disease. It has one more name - mastopathy. It usually occurs against the background of hormonal disorders in the body of a woman. This disease is not exclusively female. Hyperplasia of the breast is also found in men, although it is extremely rare cases and causes, the age and course of the disease differs from the same problem in women.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Causes of the hyperplasia of the breast

Hyperplastic processes in the mammary gland in women have recently been a fairly common disease, the age of people suffering from this pathology from 20 to 70 years, is found in 2/3 of women in different forms.

The main cause of breast hyperplasia is a hormonal disorder in the body. Also included here are the genetic predisposition of a woman, stress, prolonged periods of breastfeeding, endocrine system diseases, mechanical injuries of the breast and work with harmful chemicals. Sometimes a malfunction in the body can be caused by taking other hormonal medication prescribed for the treatment of other diseases, so after taking such medications it is necessary to go through the examination for the detection of this pathology.

[5], [6]

Symptoms of the hyperplasia of the breast

Of course, only the doctor can determine the symptoms of breast hyperplasia accurately, but the first signs can be seen on self-examination. These include:

• swelling and chest pain;
• nodular structures in the chest;
• chest pain passing into the shoulder, or into the armpit;
• discharge from the nipple of different consistency and color;
• menstrual cycle disorders;
• deformation of the breast;
• The formations in the chest can be hard, or soft, in the same place, or be mobile.

Unfortunately, some forms of hyperplastic processes in the mammary glands are asymptomatic, so only a medical examination can reveal them.

[7]

Forms

There is a large number of species of this disease, they are divided into the causes of occurrence, that is, depending on which violation of which hormones in the woman's body occurred. Below are the main types of this disease.

[8], [9], [10], [11]

Dyshormonal hyperplasia of mammary glands

It occurs against the background of development of hormonal imbalance in the body of a woman, usually has the character of benign changes in the structure of breast tissue and is treated with hormones selected by a doctor, after a detailed study of the results of the study.

[12], [13], [14], [15]

Glandular hyperplasia of the breast

These excess formations of the glandular tissue of the breast are mostly disk-shaped and very mobile, so when they are examined individually, they are difficult to grope. No painful symptoms are usually observed. This form of the disease has another name - adenosis. True, with time adenosis progresses, neoplasms become more visible, they expand. This is the danger of the disease, as it is difficult to determine on its own in the early stages.

Hyperplasia of the epithelium of the breast

This growth of the cells of the epithelium of the breast in excess. It is most often found in pregnant women, since in this state its hormonal background varies. To be treated shortly and relatively easily, and in some cases, after childbirth, when hormones calm down and the body returns to its usual state, the epithelial hyperplasia passes by itself. But to wait, that illness will leave itself it is not recommended, it is necessary to consult without fail the doctor and to pass or take place inspection.

Diffuse hyperplasia of mammary glands

This is one of the forms of pathology, which is characterized by the appearance of small, like seeds, tumors and nodules in the chest. The main symptom is breast tenderness before the onset of menstruation, which most women do not pay attention to for many years, thereby triggering the development of a pathology that can subsequently lead to breast cancer.

[16], [17], [18], [19], [20]

Nodular hyperplasia of the breast

After a while, neoplasms in a diffuse form grow in size and turn into dense knots, the size of a cherry. Then the disease passes into the stage of the nodal form of pathology. Pain in the chest becomes stronger and more intense, bloody, milky, or clear liquid discharge from the nipples appears, and symptoms do not pass with the onset of menstruation. Fibrous and cystic diseases are also distinguished, they differ in the structure of the neoplasm, in fibrous - they are coarse, heavy, with a well-defined structure, they do not move and they can easily be groped. In fibro-cystic form, there is a cyst in the chest.

Protocolal hyperplasia of mammary glands

Its name was given to this form because of the proliferation of epithelial tissues in the ducts of the breast. Symptoms and course of the disease are quite typical, in the early stages completely cured, at later stages it passes into a precancerous state. Without proper treatment, it can be transformed into a malignant tumor.

Focal mammary gland hyperplasia

This appearance of seals is not heapy, but in the form of separate neoplasms in tissues, the so-called foci. In fact, this is any kind of disease, with the arrangement of single tumors in different places. Maybe even several types of pathology, both fibrous and diffuse, for example. The danger of this form of the disease is that it is most prone to degeneration into a malignant form.

[21], [22], [23], [24], [25]

Mammary gland stromal hyperplasia

It is a muscular-fibrous tumor, it is quite rare, has a benign character. Expressed in the form of cracks in the muscle tissue of the chest, which are covered with myofibroblasts (degenerated cells fibroblasts, which are usually found in muscle tissue and contribute to the healing of wounds). Most often this type of pathology occurs in women before or during menopause, in young girls is extremely rare.

Fatty hyperplasia of mammary glands

It is a tumor that forms in the chest from adipose tissue. It develops in the balloon of the subcutaneous connective tissue, it is usually easy to detect, has an average size and is easily cured by medication, or by surgical removal. If you ignore the problem, it can grow into a liposarcoma - breast cancer, which is distinctive in that it develops very quickly and affects both breasts.

[26], [27], [28], [29]

Atypical hyperplasia of the breast

It differs from ordinary hyperplasia in that, in addition to excessive tissue formation, structural changes occur in the cells themselves. This process is a more neglected form of pathology, in fact, even a precancerous condition. This form of the disease is amenable to drug treatment, but more often surgical intervention is used.

[30]

Lobular hyperplasia of the breast

This pathology is divided into 2 types. At the first, the number of small adenosis ducts increases, in the lobule itself there are alveolar nodules from the two-layered epithelium. They are very mobile. In the second form of lobular hyperplasia, atypical, in addition to the appearance of the tumors themselves, the cellular structure changes.

The appearance of this type of pathology significantly increases the risk of breast cancer, especially in women aged 40 to 60 years, in other cases, the risk is lower, but still present.

Diagnostics of the hyperplasia of the breast

Diagnosis of breast hyperplasia consists of a whole complex of studies. First and foremost, this is an independent examination by a woman herself, at least once a month, that is, a check of the breast for the presence of nodules, seals, painful sensations when touched. It is necessary to pay attention to the state of the breast before, during and after menstruation. At the slightest changes, pains, neoplasms it is necessary to address to mammologu, for carrying out of the further analyzes. The doctor will conduct a mammogram (chest x-ray), and in case he finds a tumor, he will take an analysis for cytology, that is, he will check the good quality.

[31], [32]

Treatment of the hyperplasia of the breast

Treatment of breast hyperplasia is very diverse and depends solely on the type of disease and stage of development.

If the disease is not atypical and at an early stage of development, then medication is used to eliminate the hyperplasia itself and the possible causes of its appearance, such as hormonal disorder, stress, physical trauma.

The following hormonal preparations are prescribed for treatment.

• Remens - a drug that helps to eliminate the imbalance of hormones, normalization of the hypothalamus, pituitary. Their broken work causes the failure of the hormonal system, which is the cause of the pathology. The drug for this disease take 20 drops twice a day, for three months. A side effect may be an allergic reaction to the drug component (with individual sensitivity).
• Ethinyl estradiol is a hormonal drug intended for the treatment of mammary gland hyperplasia caused by a lack of estrogen. Indication for use is an atypical form of the disease, secondary estrogen deficiency and other diseases. Take the drug from 0.05 mg to 0.1 mg at a time, three times a day. The course of treatment is usually long (2-4 months). Side effects of taking this medication include hyperpigmentation of the skin, nausea, vomiting, weight gain and other disorders from the nervous and endocrine systems.
• Lyndinet 20, 30 - a hormonal drug containing in appropriate proportions ethinyl estradiol and gestodene. This drug suppresses the growth of a variety of neoplasms, regulates the level of hormones. Indications for use are breast formations up to one centimeter in diameter, prevention of relapses after surgical removal of formations. Take Lindineth from the first day of menstruation one tablet a day, at the same hour. After 21 tablets - a seven-day break. The further instructions are made by the attending physician, proceeding from analyzes. Side effects of this drug can be considered - an allergic reaction, nausea, rash, inflammation of the vagina and others.

In addition to hormones, iodine-containing and sedative preparations are prescribed.

Iodine containing is prescribed as follows:

• Klamin - a preparation containing iodine and other active substances, seaweed laminaria. Clamina is recommended for improving the functional state of the breast and for the general strengthening effect. Take one tablet (or two capsules depending on the form of release) during meals three times a day. Side effects can be considered allergic reactions to the components of the drug.
• Potassium iodide is an iodine-containing drug. Indications for its use are a violation of the formation of thyroid hormones, which can cause pathology, other diseases. Potassium iodide is taken from 100 to 200 mcg in one dose, once a day. Duration of admission is determined by the attending physician. A side effect is allergy.
• Iodine is the drug that connects iodine and milk protein, which allows you to absorb only the necessary amount of iodine. Indication for the use of this drug is to reduce the risk of the appearance of diseases that are associated with iodine deficiency. Apply one or two tablets during meals once a day. Side effects can manifest as allergic reactions.

Recommended sedatives:

• Sibazon - a drug that provides spasmolytic, antiarrhythmic and other actions. Indications for its use are the following indispositions: neurotic disorders, insomnia, myositis, neurosis and others. Doses and the frequency of reception is determined by the doctor, depends on the disease and stage. Side effects of the drug may be - drowsiness, asthenia, shortness of breath, etc.
• Amisil is a soothing drug that is recommended for neuroses and disorders of the nervous system. Take one to two milligrams of 4 r. A day, for four to six weeks. Side effects of Amizil manifested dryness (in the mouth), tachycardia, seizures.
• Grandaxin is a drug that acts as a psycho-vegetative regulator. Recommended for depression, climacteric syndromes, neuroses, etc. Most often the dose - one or two tablets from one to three times a day, is determined by the doctor. Side effects are manifested in the form of headaches, nausea, itching of the skin and other changes in the human condition.

If the breast hyperplasia is atypical, or at a late stage, when there are a large number of tumors, surgical removal of tumors is used.

With a benign tumor, the operation is called "sectoral resection", since the formation is removed along with the part of the breast. If the tumor is poor-quality, "extirpation" usually occurs, that is, complete removal of the breast, sometimes even with lymph nodes and pectoral muscles, to prevent further spread of the disease.

Forecast

The prognosis for the development of breast hyperplasia is, in most cases, positive. Everything depends only on the goodness of the neoplasms, the stage of the disease and how the disease reacts to the treatment. If the diagnosis is made on time and the appropriate treatment is selected, then its success is very high.

To avoid or timely diagnose a disease such as breast hyperplasia, you need to respond to any changes in your health, go at least once a year to see a doctor and as little as possible to expose your body to stress.

[33], [34], [35], [36]