Humodar

Humodar is a hypoglycemic drug, belongs to the insulin category.

Indications Humodara

It is used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Release form

The drug is released in the form of an injection suspension, inside cartridges with a volume of 3 ml (corresponding to 100 U/ml), 3 or 5 pieces per package.

Pharmacodynamics

An insulin drug similar in structure to human insulin. The drug reduces blood glucose levels. The active components of the drug are a neutral insulin solution and NPH insulin.

Pharmacokinetics

Humodar has a rapid onset of medicinal action and its average duration. Its effect develops after 30-45 minutes from the moment of application, reaching its maximum after 1-3 hours. The duration of therapeutic effect is about 12-16 hours.

The duration of the drug's effect described above is approximate. Its exact limits depend on the size of the drug's dose, the patient's condition and his/her individual characteristics.

Dosing and administration

Before initial use of the drug, it is necessary to clinically check the patient's tolerance - for this, it is necessary to administer the substance subcutaneously (30-45 minutes before eating). The injection sites must be changed with each new injection.

It is strictly forbidden to administer the medication intravenously.

Before the injection procedure, it is necessary to wipe the epidermis in the injection area. Then, you need to insert the needle to the required depth into the subcutaneous tissue. The injection must be performed carefully, making sure not to touch the vein. In this case, you cannot massage the injection area.

Immediately after the injection is completed, remove the needle from the syringe. This will prevent insulin from leaking out and will also promote sterility.

The dosage and time of injections are selected by the attending physician for each patient individually, taking into account his/her needs. In the case of selecting a portion for adults, the daily need for insulin is within 0.5-1.0 IU/kg.

The transition from other insulin agents can be carried out only under medical supervision. The patient must carefully follow all medical instructions (diet, daily dose of insulin, and physical activity).

Use Humodara during pregnancy

Insulin cannot pass through the placenta, which is why the drug can be used during pregnancy. It is necessary to take into account that the need for insulin often decreases in the 1st trimester, and then increases significantly in the 2nd and 3rd. Immediately after childbirth, a woman's need for insulin decreases sharply, which increases the risk of hypoglycemia. But later these indicators quickly return to their normal level.

During lactation, there may be a need to adjust your diet or insulin dosage.

Contraindications

Contraindications include intolerance to the components of the drug and paragroup allergy (for example, to phenol, protamine sulfate and m-cresol). A conditional contraindication may be a severe form of allergy (immediate) to insulin. In addition, cross-immunological recall between human and animal insulin may be observed.

Side effects Humodara

Metabolic disorders.

Hypoglycemia, which occurs when an excessively large dose of the drug is taken, often develops in connection with insulin therapy. Hypoglycemia is a decrease in glucose levels to a level of less than 40-50 mg/dl. Signs of hypoglycemia include pale skin, a feeling of irritability, weakness, anxiety, nervousness or unusual fatigue, cold sweat, tremors, as well as disorientation, increased hunger, problems with concentration, headaches, increased heart rate and transient visual disturbances. Severe hypoglycemia can cause loss of consciousness or seizures, as well as transient or permanent impairment of brain function and, sometimes, even a threat to life.

With inadequate insulin doses, diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemia may develop. Signs of hyperglycemia include increased frequency of urination, a feeling of drowsiness or thirst, nausea, dry mouth, dry and reddened epidermis, loss of appetite, and the appearance of acetone odor when breathing.

Occasionally, during the first weeks of insulin therapy, the legs may swell (this is called insulin edema), which is associated with fluid retention processes in the body; such symptoms disappear on their own.

Immune manifestations.

Occasionally, the use of insulin causes an allergy, which manifests itself in the form of local symptoms - swelling, redness or itching at the injection site. Occasionally, signs of an allergy develop that are generalized in nature and manifest themselves in the form of nausea, erosion in the mucous membranes, and also chills. Among the severe generalized reactions are anaphylaxis, accompanied by a violation of cardiac and respiratory function, as well as Quincke's edema. Such symptoms can potentially be life-threatening for the patient.

Single use of insulin may result in the development of antibodies against it. Their presence may necessitate dosage adjustments to avoid hyper- or hypoglycemia.

People with insulin hypersensitivity may experience a decrease in its effect on tissue cells sensitive to the substance (development of insulin resistance). This disorder occurs as a result of hyperproduction of antibodies to insulin or its endings or as a result of hypersecretion of counter-insulin hormones. When using more than 60 units of insulin per day, it is necessary to assume the presence of insulin resistance and consult a doctor about changing the dosage and type of insulin, as well as following the required diet.

Lesions of the subcutaneous layer or epidermis.

At the initial stage of insulin therapy, changes in the appearance of the epidermis at the injection site may be observed, as well as a short-term accumulation of fluid inside the tissues (transient swelling) and slight redness. These symptoms disappear on their own during the course of therapy.

If a large erythema appears, against the background of which blisters and itching appear, quickly spreading beyond the injection area, and in addition to other severe symptoms of intolerance to the elements of the drug, it is necessary to notify the doctor about this, because sometimes such manifestations can be life-threatening. The doctor decides on further measures.

Hypertrophy or atrophy of fatty tissue occasionally develops at the injection site. By constantly changing the injection sites, such signs can be reduced or completely avoided during subsequent therapy.

Sometimes complications arise due to damage to the innervation skin apparatus by the syringe needle, and in addition, possibly, chemical elements contained in insulin products in the form of preservatives.

Visual impairment.

At the initial stage of insulin therapy, ocular refraction disorders may develop. Such symptoms disappear on their own after 2-3 weeks.

Problems of a neurological nature.

Occasionally, curable polyneuropathy develops.

Overdose

Intoxication can be caused by the following factors: absolute insulin overdose, change of drugs, vomiting, skipping meals, diarrhea, physical activity and diseases that reduce the need for insulin (hypofunction affecting the pituitary gland, adrenal cortex or thyroid gland, as well as liver or kidney pathologies). This can also be facilitated by a change in the injection site (for example, skin on the thigh, abdomen or forearm) or the interaction of insulin with other drugs that cause a sharp decrease in blood glucose levels.

If a diabetic has symptoms of hypoglycemia, he or she can try to prevent this condition by taking glucose or sugar (recommended in solution form), or food with a high content of carbohydrates or sugar. For this purpose, it is necessary to always have at least 20 g of dextrose with you.

In severe conditions caused by a decrease in blood glucose levels, intravenous administration of this element by a doctor or the use of glucagon is required. Patients who are able to resume independent activity after this procedure should eat.

If it is impossible to immediately lower glucose levels, it is necessary to call for emergency medical care. Intoxication is especially dangerous for people with cerebral blood flow disorders and those who, in addition to diabetes, have severe coronary heart disease.

Interactions with other drugs

When used in combination with other medications, the effect of insulin on blood sugar levels may be potentiated or weakened. For this reason, they should only be used with the permission of a doctor.

A hypoglycemic effect may develop with a combination of insulin with amphetamine, clofibrate, α-adrenergic receptor or β-receptor blockers, anabolics, MAOIs, phosphamide, as well as fenfluramide, methyldopa, cyclophosphamide, tetracycline and fluoxetine. The list also includes quinetidine, trofosfamide and tritoqualine.

Insulin efficiency may decrease with combined administration with diazoxide or chlorprothixene, diuretic drugs (saluretics), hormonal contraception, isoniazid, heparin, niacin, and also GCS, phenolphthalein or lithium carbonate. In addition, the list includes phenytoin, phenothiazine derivatives with sympathomimetics, thyroid hormones, and also tricyclics.

In people receiving salicylates in combination with insulin, as well as clonidine or reserpine, both a decrease and potentiation of the effect of insulin may develop.

Drinking alcohol can cause dangerously low blood glucose levels.

Storage conditions

Humodar should be stored in a place inaccessible to small children. The drug should not be frozen, and direct contact of the cartridge with the therapeutic substance with the cold storage unit or freezer compartment should be prevented. Temperature – within 2-8°C. The cartridge used can be stored at standard room temperature if it is protected from sunlight and heat.

Shelf life

Humodar can be used within 24 months from the date of manufacture of the pharmaceutical product.

Application for children

There is not enough information regarding the use of drugs in pediatrics.

Analogues

Analogues of the drug are Actrapid, Epaydra, Insular active, Humalog, Novorapid penfil, Humulin regular, and Novorapid flexpen.