FORNO®S

DLYANO®C (xylometazoline hydrochloride) is a medicine that is commonly used to narrow the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa. It is often used to relieve nasal congestion caused by rhinitis or runny nose, both allergic and viral in origin.

1. Method of application: Usually FORNO®S is presented in the form of nasal drops or spray. Dosage and frequency of use may vary depending on the patient's age and individual characteristics. It is usually recommended to inject a few drops or spray into each nostril according to the instructions included with the medicine.
2. Dosage: Dosage may vary depending on the patient's age and severity of symptoms. Typically, for adults and children over 6 years old, it is recommended to use 1-2 drops or one pump of spray in each nostril no more than 2-3 times a day. However, it is recommended to follow the instructions included with the drug or your doctor's recommendations.
3. Duration of use: Generally, FORNO®S should not be used for more than 3-5 days in a row without consulting a doctor to avoid developing dependence on the drug or other side effects.
4. Contraindications and warnings: Before using FORNO®S, it is important to make sure that there are no contraindications, such as hypersensitivity to the components of the drug or certain diseases, such as glaucoma. You should also pay attention to warnings, such as age restrictions for use in children.
5. Side effects: Like any medicine, DLYANO®S may have side effects, such as irritation of the nasal mucosa, redness or burning. If any unpleasant symptoms occur, you should stop using the drug and seek medical help.

These are general guidelines and it is important to consult your doctor or pharmacist regarding your specific situation and dosage for best results.

Indications FORNO®S

1. Rhinitis: FORNO®C can be used to relieve symptoms of runny nose, including allergic and infectious runny nose.
2. Sinusitis: The drug can be used in the treatment of sinusitis to relieve nasal congestion and reduce swelling of the sinus mucosa.
3. Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: In cases of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, where symptoms associated with allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eyes) are observed, FORNO®C can help relieve nasal congestion.
4. Acute Respiratory Infections: During an acute respiratory infection, such as a cold or flu, FORNO®C may help relieve nasal congestion, making breathing easier.
5. Preparation for diagnostic or surgical procedures: In some cases, FORNO®C may be used before diagnostic or surgical procedures on the nasal cavity to constrict blood vessels and reduce bleeding.

Release form

1. Nasal Spray: Most often FORNO®S is available as a nasal spray. This form allows for precise dosing of medication and provides rapid relief from congestion by spraying medication directly into the nasal passages.
2. Nasal drops: Also FORNO®C can be produced in the form of nasal drops, which is a convenient form for children and adults who prefer drops to a spray.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Stimulation of α1-adrenergic receptors: Xylometazoline is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist, which means that it activates these receptors in the vascular wall of the nose. This causes the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa to constrict, which reduces swelling and congestion.
2. Reduce mucus production: Xylometazoline may also reduce mucus production from the nasal mucosa, which can help reduce nasal congestion and make breathing easier.
3. Long-lasting action: One of the features of xylometazoline hydrochloride is its long-lasting effect after use. This provides long-lasting relief from nasal congestion and other runny nose symptoms.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: Xylometazoline hydrochloride is usually administered topically, such as nasal drops or sprays. After topical application, it is rapidly absorbed through the nasal mucosa.
2. Metabolism: Xylometazoline hydrochloride undergoes minor metabolism in the liver. It is metabolized to inactive metabolites.
3. Elimination: Most xylometazoline is excreted unchanged via the kidneys.
4. Protein binding: Information on plasma protein binding is limited, but it is expected that xylometazoline hydrochloride may be protein bound to some extent.
5. Interactions: Because xylometazoline hydrochloride is usually applied topically and has minimal systemic exposure, systemic interactions with other drugs are usually minor. However, simultaneous use with other vasoconstrictors or with drugs that increase blood pressure should be avoided to avoid a possible increase in the effect.
6. Action: Xylometazoline hydrochloride constricts the blood vessels in the nasal mucosa, which leads to a decrease in swelling and relief of nasal congestion during a runny nose.

Dosing and administration

The method of use and dosage of xylometazoline hydrochloride in the form of DLYANO®C depend on the age of the patient and the form of the drug. Here are general recommendations for its use:

Adults and children over 6 years old:

• Nasal spray (usually 0.1% solution): It is usually recommended to administer 1-2 sprays into each nostril 2-3 times a day. Do not use more often than every 8-10 hours.
• Nasal drops (usually 0.1% solution): Inject 2-3 drops into each nostril 2-3 times a day.

Children from 2 to 6 years old:

• Nasal spray (usually 0.05% solution): It is usually recommended to administer 1 spray into each nostril 1-2 times a day.
• Nasal drops (usually 0.05% solution): Inject 1-2 drops into each nostril 1-2 times a day.

Important notes:

• Do not use xylometazoline for more than 3-5 days in a row, as this can lead to reactive hyperemia and chronic nasal congestion.
• Always follow dosage instructions and do not exceed recommended frequency of use to minimize the risk of side effects and dependence.
• Before using the medicine, it is recommended to clear the nasal passages.

Use FORNO®S during pregnancy

The use of DLYANO®C (xylometazoline hydrochloride) during pregnancy requires extreme caution as the available data on its effects on pregnancy and the fetus are limited. Xylometazoline is a vasoconstrictor that is commonly used to reduce the symptoms of a runny nose by reducing nasal swelling and congestion.

Medical literature indicates that the use of xylometazoline may be associated with risks to the pregnant woman and fetus, especially if used in high doses or late in pregnancy. Vasoconstrictors can potentially reduce blood flow to the placenta, which can negatively affect the nutrition and oxygen supply to the fetus.

However, in some cases, the use of xylometazoline may be justified under strict medical supervision if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risks to the fetus. It is recommended to limit the use of xylometazoline to the lowest possible dose and duration needed to improve symptoms.

Before using any medication, including DLANOS, during pregnancy, you should discuss it with your doctor to ensure that the treatment is safe for the health of the mother and fetus.

Contraindications

1. Atrophic rhinitis, also known as rhinitis sicca, in which the nasal mucosa becomes thin and dry.
2. Hypersensitivity to xylometazoline or any other component of the drug.
3. Children under 2 years of age for some formulations (important to check manufacturer's directions).
4. Surgical interventions on the meninges (history), since the vasoconstrictive effect can lead to systemic effects affecting the central nervous system.

Xylometazoline should also be used with caution when:

• Glaucoma, especially angle-closure, due to the potential for increased intraocular pressure.
• Cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, since FORNO®C may increase symptoms.
• Thyrotoxicosis, in which accelerated metabolism can be aggravated by the influence of vasoconstrictors.
• Diabetes mellitus, since systemic effects may affect the vascular system.

Side effects FORNO®S

1. Dry nasal mucosa: NO®C may cause dry nasal mucosa, which may lead to discomfort, tightness, or itching.
2. Burning or irritation: Some patients may experience a burning or irritation in the nose after using FORNO®Ca.
3. Burning sensation or redness of the eyes: Burning sensation or redness of the eyes may occur when using xylometazoline.
4. Feeling of soreness or irritation in the throat: Some patients may experience a feeling of soreness or irritation in the throat after using the drug.
5. Feelings of nausea or dizziness: In rare cases, FORNO®C may cause feelings of nausea or dizziness.
6. Development of dependence on the drug: With prolonged use of DLYANO®Ca, dependence on the drug may develop, which will lead to a reverse increase in nasal congestion after stopping its use.
7. Elevated Blood Pressure: Prolonged and/or excessive use of FORNO®Ca may cause increased blood pressure in some patients.
8. Drowsiness or insomnia: Some people may experience drowsiness or insomnia as a result of using xylometazoline.

Overdose

1. Systemic side effects: An overdose of DLYNO®Ca can lead to increased blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, nervousness, headache, drowsiness, tremors, nausea and vomiting.
2. Local side effects: When applied topically (through the nose), an overdose may cause a feeling of dryness and irritation of the nasal mucosa, nosebleeds, pain or burning.
3. Vascular damage: FORNO®C constricts blood vessels, and in case of overdose this can lead to damage to the vascular walls.
4. Respiratory problems: In case of serious overdose, respiratory arrest or respiratory arrest may occur.

Interactions with other drugs

1. MAO (Monoamine Oxidase) Inhibitors: Using DLNA with MAO inhibitors may increase blood pressure and cause serious adverse effects, including hypertensive crisis.
2. Tricyclic antidepressants: Drugs such as amitriptyline or imipramine may increase symptoms of adrenergic stimulation (eg, increased blood pressure and heart rate) when used concomitantly with xylometazoline.
3. Medicines containing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine: Combining FORANO®Ca with these drugs may cause increased blood pressure and increased heart rate.
4. Drugs containing cardiac glycosides (eg, digoxin): FORNO®C may enhance the cardiotoxic effects of cardiac glycosides, such as arrhythmias and electrocardiogram changes.
5. Drugs containing beta-blockers: Concomitant use with beta-blockers may weaken the effect of xylometazoline and reduce its effectiveness in narrowing blood vessels.
6. Drugs containing other sympathomimetics: Concomitant use of FORANO®Ca with other vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephrine or oxymetazoline, may result in enhanced effects and an increased risk of unwanted effects.