Drops from poliomyelitis: a way of using and common reactions

Drops from poliomyelitis are taken as a vaccine, which will avoid infection. Poliomyelitis is an acute viral disease. It can cause serious damage to the nervous system. Because of this, the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the intestine and nasopharynx is possible. This disease has always been considered childish, it affects children under the age of 10 years. The source of infection is a sick person. The peak of the disease is observed in the period from August to October.

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Indications for use of a drop of poliomyelitis

Vaccination begins to be carried out by children from the age of two months. This will avoid infection in the future. It is all done by instilling 2-4 drops of the drug on the lymphoid tissue of the baby's pharynx. In older children, instillation is performed on the surface of the tonsils. The first time the vaccination is done at the age of 3-6 months. After that, revaccination is necessary in 18-20 months and 14 years.

The main indication for taking the drug is prevention from contamination with polio. After the vaccination is carried out, you should stop taking food for an hour, you can not drink too. The fact is that together with food and liquid, the medicine will be washed into the stomach and will not have time to form a protective barrier.

After the vaccination has been carried out, it is highly discouraged to introduce lures and new foods into the baby's diet. Because it is possible to develop allergic reactions due to ingestion of unknown food. Most often this condition is equated with the worthlessness of the medication, it is not so.

Pharmacodynamics

The vaccine against the disease is a stabilized drug. It consists of live attenuated poliomyelitis viruses of Sabin strains of type 1, 2 and 3. They enter the human body in a multiplied form. Each vaccine-specific drug meets all the requirements of the World Health Organization.

After the application of the immunity begins to form in almost 98%. The level of seroconversion after the introduction of 3 doses of the vaccine can reach and 100% concentration. This indicator is noted for three types of poliovirus. Affect the immune response of the drug may have an elevated level of maternal antibodies. Lead to negative consequences is diarrhea in vaccination, as well as susceptibility of the family to various vaccines. Breastfeeding has a special effect and can lead to "not digesting" the vaccine.

The composition of drops from poliomyelitis includes the viruses of this disease, in a weakened form. Type 1 - not less than 1 thousand, type 2 - 100 thousand and type 3 - 300 thousand. Such their number will allow to develop in the body immunity against the disease.

Pharmacokinetics

The poliomyelitis agent should include weakened components of the virus. This will help develop the body's immunity against the disease. The composition of the drug is diphtheria toxoid in the amount of 30 IU, tetanus toxoid - 40 IU and pertussis toxoid 25 mcg.

In addition, the preparation contains haemagglutinin filamentous 25 μg, poliomyelitis virus inactivated, type 1 40 ED antigen of poliomyelitis virus inactivated, 2 types of 8 ED antigens of poliomyelitis virus inactivated, 3 types of 32 ED antigen. As auxiliary components are substances such as aluminum hydroxide - 0.3 mg, phenoxyethanol - 2.5 μl, acetic acid or sodium hydroxide - up to pH 6.8-7.3, water d / u - up to 0.5 ml. All in aggregate allows to strengthen the body. Thus, it is able to withstand many viruses and infections. As auxiliary components can act sucrose - 42.5 mg and trometamol - 0.6 mg.

Dosing and Administration

The vaccine is used about 4 times. The age of the event is marked in a special calendar of preventive vaccinations, you can get it from an observing therapist. Usually, the nurse or the doctor himself notifies about the day of vaccination. This is done in advance, so that the parents can prepare.

At one time, 4 drops of the drug are used. Everything is done in accordance with the packaging of the drug. The vaccine dose should be instilled in the mouth of the dropper attached to the vial or a pipette. Action is performed one hour before a meal. Drink drops and drink liquid for an hour after use is in no case impossible. The vaccine will simply fall into the stomach and not perform its protective functions.

By this principle, the remedy is applied 4 times, but only on appointed days. During the period of use it is necessary to observe the condition of the baby and record possible changes. The vaccine is usually well tolerated.

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Use of polio drops during pregnancy

During pregnancy, vaccination is not recommended. It can be justified only if there is a risk of infection with an infection that is a threat, both for the life of the mother and the child.

As is known, in the first trimester of pregnancy it is worth not to use any medications. After all, there is always the risk of causing irreparable harm to the baby. The child's nervous system starts to form from the first weeks, any impact on it can lead to the development of pathological processes. Increased doses of prohibited drugs can cause premature birth.

Vaccination against poliomyelitis is carried out in the event that there is a risk of infection of the baby. But at the same time, the vaccine itself can damage the developing organism. An experienced specialist can make a decision about vaccination, depending on the possible dangers.

Contraindications for use

There are a number of contraindications for vaccination. So, it can not be carried to children who have congenital immunodeficiency or HIV (even if one of the members of the family is infected). If the baby is surrounded by a pregnant woman. This can adversely affect the future mother.

If a woman is planning a pregnancy or is already carrying a child, vaccination should not be done. This is done if there is a risk of infection of the mother and child. Do not need to inoculate with breastfeeding. If before, there was an unusual reaction to other medications, then vaccination is carried out with extreme caution.

Contraindications include allergy to neomycin, polymyxin B and streptomycin. It is these components that make up the vaccine. It should not be used in the presence of acute infectious diseases, even after full recovery.

Prevent the vaccination may neurological disorders, as well as immunodeficiency status, malignant neoplasms and immunosuppression. Routine vaccination should be postponed in the event that there is a severe course of acute respiratory viral infection, acute intestinal diseases. Vaccinations can be done after the temperature is normalized.

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Side effects of polio drops

There are practically no reactions to the introduction of the vaccine. In some cases, there are allergic reactions. This is due to individual intolerance to the components of the drug. Therefore, before using it, you should familiarize yourself with the composition and identify the body's response to its constituents. Extremely rare urticaria or angioedema.

The cases of vaccine-associated diseases were recorded. This condition occurs once for three million. This condition requires a differential diagnosis with poliomyelitis-like diseases. In order to limit the circulation of the virus among people surrounding the vaccinated child, you must follow certain rules. The baby should have a separate crib, a pot, bed linen, clothes, dishes, etc. This will allow the parents not to fall into the influence of the vaccine. Because it can only be carried out by children.

Response from a drop of poliomyelitis

Many parents are interested in the question of whether complications after vaccination are possible and how they manifest themselves. Usually, the vaccine does not cause any reactions. But still, one case for 2.5-3 million is fixed. In order to exclude any reactions, it is worthwhile to vaccinate only children with excellent health.

Preference should be given directly to the injection, not to drops. The first option is much safer and does not often cause adverse reactions. What type of vaccine to choose is decided by the doctor and the parents of the baby. In any case, it is important to prepare the child for this procedure.

Occasionally, after the introduction of the vaccine, the baby develops diarrhea or an allergic reaction. They represent no danger, and do not require special treatment. The kid himself will go away after a few days. If the child's condition is very disturbing, you can take him to an appointment with a therapist.

Diarrhea after drops from poliomyelitis

Gastrointestinal tract of the baby is very weak. Therefore, any influence on it, can lead to negative consequences. Digestive disorder is the most common symptom after using a vaccine against poliomyelitis. The origin of diarrhea is related to the content of live bacteria in the vaccine. They have an effect on the intestinal mucosa. If the diarrhea lasts more than a day, it is worth informing the therapist about it.

The vaccine in the form of drops consists of weakened viruses. An intestinal disorder can occur with oral vaccination with live viruses. The fact is that they are able to actively multiply in the digestive system. The sensitive intestine perceives this influence on him and responds with frustration. Moderate diarrhea after vaccination carries no danger. If there are any doubts, it is better to visit a doctor, especially if the baby is very upset.

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Temperature after drops from poliomyelitis

After vaccination, the temperature may slightly increase or remain unchanged. As doctors say, worry about this is not worth it. Even if the temperature rose to 38-38.5 degrees. This is a normal reaction of the body to the introduction of a weakened virus into it. If the temperature is increased by additional reactions, including diarrhea and allergic reactions, you should contact the hospital.

Hyperthermia develops within a few hours after the introduction of the vaccine. Sometimes this period stretches for 2-3 days. Therefore, for several days is to monitor the condition of the baby. Keep temperature is also capable of 2-3 days. In some cases, even two weeks. Everything depends on the immunity of the baby. If the rise is not accompanied by other reactions, there is no reason for experiencing. Additional treatment is not performed, but antipyretic agents are allowed.

Overdose

With the correct dosage, no adverse reactions can occur. The fixed dose is 4 drops. In some cases, apply 5. This is not fraught with anything for the child. Nevertheless, to monitor his condition is necessary. Some babies suffer a heavy burden of vaccination, so even a slight increase in the dose may trigger an overdose.

If a large amount of the drug enters the gastrointestinal tract, poisoning is possible. It is advisable to make the baby wash the stomach and consult a doctor. Nausea and vomiting can occur when a considerable amount of the drug enters the stomach. This is not so common.

In case of an overdose, temperature and severe diarrhea may occur. If these symptoms persist for more than a day, and diarrhea is severe, specialist advice is needed. In some cases, the temperature lasts for 2 weeks. The frustration arises from the sensitivity of the digestive organs of the baby.

Interactions with other drugs

Vaccination against poliomyelitis can be carried out on the same day together with vaccination with DTP vaccine (ADS- or ADS-M toxoid). It is possible to use the drug with other drugs, if the schedule of vaccination was made by a doctor.

In accordance with the recommendations, the drug is used concomitantly with hepatitis B, pertussis, tetanus, and rubella vaccines. But only if they are included in the immunization scheme. Simultaneous use with rotavirus vaccine is not able to affect the immune response to poliovirus antigens. Despite the fact that the live vaccine is able to significantly reduce the immune response, after the administration of the first dose, it has been proven that the level of anti-rotavirus IgA reaches the target level. And this happens after the second dose of the vaccine. In this case, clinical protection is preserved. If the drug is administered with other vaccines, based on living bacteria, at least one month should pass between the injections. There were no other data on incompatibility.

Storage conditions

The vaccine should be stored at a temperature of -20 degrees. This will save its effectiveness for 2 years. At a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, the shelf life does not exceed one year. If the vaccine is in a 20-degree cold, then it should not be placed in other temperature regimes. If there is such a need, the shelf life is reduced to 6 months.

To maintain the optimal effectiveness of the drug, it is worth keeping it in the refrigerator. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight. If the use of the drug is not expected in the near future, it is better to place it in the cold. If possible, observe the temperature regime at 20 degrees below zero. If the vaccine was accidentally exposed to a different temperature. If there is a suspicion of an increase in the range, it is worth checking the effectiveness of the vaccine. It is likely that it is no longer usable.

After the vial has been opened, it must be applied within 8 hours. During this time the vaccine is stored at a temperature of 2-8 degrees Celsius. If within 8 hours, after the opening is not expected, it is necessary to immediately freeze the vaccine. It has been proven that multiple freezing and thawing does not affect the quality of the remedy. Keep the drug out of the reach of children.

Shelf life

The duration of storage depends entirely on the conditions. So, at a temperature of more than 20 degrees below zero, the period is 2 years. If the drug is stored at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius, the shelf life is reduced to one year. If it is necessary to defrost and re-freeze, the shelf life does not exceed six months. It is necessary to follow the temperature regime.

In addition to temperature, an important role is played by the conditions, as well as the appearance of the vial. It should not be damaged, punctured. Pay attention to the appearance of the vaccine itself. The color and smell should be unchanged. A similar requirement is advanced for consistency. All three parameters must be unchanged.

To prevent trouble, it is worthwhile to hide the remedy away from the children. They can do harm to themselves, and damage the vial of the vaccine. Afraid of the drug direct sunlight, so the best place to store it is the refrigerator. Under such conditions, the vaccine will last for many years.