Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium

Protein S deficiency: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Protein S is a non-enzymatic cofactor of protein C in the inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa, has its own protein-independent C anticoagulant activity. Protein S, as well as protein C, is dependent on vitamin K and synthesized in the liver.

Deficiency of antithrombin III: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Antithrombin III is a natural anticoagulant that accounts for 75% of all anticoagulant plasma activity, a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 58,200 and a plasma content of 125-150 mg / ml.

Antiphospholipid syndrome: treatment

According to some researchers, the use of prednisolone in conjunction with acetylsalicylic acid improves the outcome of pregnancy in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Other authors point to a large number of complications from glucocorticoid therapy - steroid ulcers, gestational diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, etc.

Antiphospholipid syndrome: symptoms

At present, the criteria for diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome, adopted at the 8th congress on antiphospholipid antibodies in Sapporo (Japan) in 1998, are widespread.

Antiphospholipid syndrome: classification

Isolate the primary and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. The development of secondary antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with autoimmune, oncological, infectious diseases, as well as with the impact of certain drugs and toxic substances.

Antiphospholipid syndrome

According to the American authors, the frequency of antiphospholipid syndrome in the population reaches 5%. Among patients with habitual miscarriage of pregnancy, antiphospholipid syndrome is 27-42%, according to other researchers - 30-35%, and without treatment fetal death is observed in 85-90% of women who have autoantibodies to phospholipids.

Isthmicocervical insufficiency

The anatomical reasons for the habitual miscarriage of pregnancy include ishmiko-cervical insufficiency, which is recognized as the most frequent etiologic factor of termination of pregnancy in the second trimester.

Habitual miscarriage: causes

Genetic, anatomical, endocrine, immunological and infectious factors are distinguished in the structure of habitual pregnancy losses. If you exclude all of the above reasons, a group of patients remains, the origin of a habitual miscarriage in which it seems unclear (idiopathic miscarriages).

Habitual miscarriage of pregnancy

Unintention of pregnancy is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy at the time from conception to 37 weeks, counting from the first day of the last menstruation. Interruption of pregnancy in terms from conception to 22 weeks - called spontaneous abortion (miscarriage).

Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage)

Spontaneous miscarriage - spontaneous abortion before the fetus reaches a viable gestational age. According to the WHO definition, abortion is spontaneous expulsion or extraction of an embryo or fetus weighing up to 500 g, which corresponds to a gestational age of 22 weeks of gestation.

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