Choledocholithiasis is the formation or presence of stones in the biliary tract. It can cause attacks of biliary colic, biliary obstruction, gallstone pancreatitis, or an infection of the biliary tract (cholangitis).
Bezkamenny biliary pain is a biliary colic that occurs in the absence of gallstones, is associated with structural or functional disorders and sometimes requires laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Cholithiasis implies the presence of one or more concrements (gallstones) in the gallbladder. In the USA, 20% of people over 65 years old have gallstones, and most of the disorders in the extrahepatic biliary tract are the result of cholelithiasis.
Liver granulomas can be caused by various causes and usually occur asymptomatically. However, diseases that cause granuloma formation may be accompanied by extrahepatic symptoms and / or lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis and portal hypertension.
Fibrolamellar carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma and angiosarcoma are rare. To confirm the diagnosis, usually a biopsy is required. The prognosis is usually unfavorable.
Primary liver cancer is usually a hepatocellular carcinoma. In most cases of liver cancer, nonspecific symptoms are observed, this delays timely diagnosis. The prognosis is usually unfavorable.
Benign liver tumors occur quite often. As a rule, they are asymptomatic, but in some cases they cause hepatomegaly, discomfort in the right upper quadrant or abdominal hemorrhage.
Thrombosis of the portal vein leads to portal hypertension and subsequently to gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis is based on ultrasound. The treatment is mainly directed to the control and prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding (usually endoscopy or intravenous octreotide), sometimes vascular bypass or b-blockers; with acute thrombosis, thrombolysis is possible.
