Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma (bile duct carcinoma) is diagnosed more often. In part, this can be explained by the introduction of modern diagnostic methods, including new imaging techniques and cholangiography. They allow to establish more precisely the localization and prevalence of the tumor process.

Contraindications to liver transplantation

Diseases of the heart and lungs in the stage of decompensation, active infection, metastasizing malignant tumor, AIDS and severe brain damage are absolute contraindications to liver transplantation.

Selection of patients for liver transplantation

Liver transplantation is indicated for patients with irreversible, progressive liver damage, when there are no alternative methods of treatment. The patient and his relatives should be aware of the complexity of the operation and be prepared for possible severe complications of the early postoperative period and for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy.

Liver transplantation

In 1955, Welch performed the first liver transplantation in dogs. In 1963, a group of researchers led by Starzla carried out the first successful liver transplantation in humans.

Stricture of bioliodigestive anastomosis

After choledocho- and hepatocojunostomy, the development of anastomotic stricture is possible. The need for further treatment - surgical or roentgenosurgical - occurs in approximately 20-25% of cases.

Congenital anomalies of the biliary tract: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Anomalies of biliary tract and liver can be combined with other congenital anomalies, including heart disease, polydactyly and polycystic kidney disease. The development of biliary tract abnormalities can be associated with viral infections in the mother, for example, with rubella.

Common bile duct cyst: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The cyst of the common bile duct is its extension. The gallbladder, the bladder duct and the hepatic ducts above the cyst are not dilated, unlike strictures, in which the entire biliary tree extends above the stricture.

Congenital enlargement of the intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli disease): causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital dilatations of intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli's disease) - a rare disease characterized by the presence of congenital segmentary saccular dilations of intrahepatic bile ducts without other histological changes in the liver. Expanded ducts communicate with the main duct system, can be infected and contain stones.

Congenital liver fibrosis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Histological signs of congenital fibrosis of the liver are wide dense collagenous fibrous cords surrounding the unchanged liver lobules.

Niemann-Pick disease

Neemann-Pick's disease is a rare family illness inherited by an autosomal recessive type and is found mainly in Jews. The disease is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme sphingomyelinase in the lysosomes of the cells of the reticuloendothelial system, which leads to the accumulation of sphingomyelin in lysosomes. Liver and spleen are mostly affected.

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