Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

Gaucher's disease

Gaucher's disease is sphingolipidosis, which is a consequence of a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, which leads to the deposition of glucocerebroside and its associated components. Symptoms of Gauchers disease vary depending on the type, but most often include hepatosplenomegaly or changes in the CNS. The diagnosis is based on the study of leukocyte enzymes.

Liver metastases

Liver invasion by germinating into it malignant tumors of neighboring organs, retrograde metastasis through the lymphatic ducts and spreading along the blood vessels is relatively rare.

Hemangioma of the liver: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hemangioma of the liver is the most common benign liver tumor. It is found in 5% of autopsies. A wider use of methods for scanning the liver helps to improve the diagnosis of this tumor. Hemangiomas are usually single and have small dimensions, but sometimes they are large and multiple.

Angiosarcoma of the liver

Angiosarcoma of the liver is a rare, very malignant tumor, which is difficult to differentiate from hepatocellular carcinoma. The liver is enlarged in size, contains many nodes resembling cavernous hemangioma.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The etiological factors of cholangiocarcinoma include clonorhoz, primary sclerosing cholangitis, polycystosis, anabolic steroids and the administration of thorotrast.

Hepatoblastoma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hepatoblastoma is a rare tumor that affects children under 4 years of age, regardless of sex; it rarely develops in older children and adults.

Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Fibrolamellar carcinoma of the liver occurs in children and young people (5-35 years) regardless of sex.

Diagnosis of cholelithiasis

Often cholelithiasis proceeds asymptomatically (latent flow is observed in 60-80% of persons with stones in the gallbladder and in 10-20% of individuals with stones in the common bile duct), and concrements are discovered by chance during ultrasound. The diagnosis of cholelithiasis is based on clinical data (the most frequent option in 75% of patients is biliary colic) and ultrasound results.

Cholelithiasis

Gallstone disease is a disease characterized by the formation of concrements in the gallbladder (cholecystolithiasis), the common bile duct (choledocholithiasis), which can occur with symptoms of bile (biliary, hepatic) colic in response to transient obstruction with a stone of the gall bladder or common bile duct, accompanied by smooth muscle spasm and intra-cellular hypertension.

Biliary fistulas: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

External bile fistulas are usually formed after such interventions on the biliary tract, such as cholecystotomy, transhepatic drainage of the bile ducts and drainage of the common bile duct by means of a T-tube. Very rarely fistulas can form as a complication of cholelithiasis, gallbladder cancer, or trauma to the biliary tract.

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