Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

Hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy is a symptomatic complex of disorders of the central nervous system that occurs with hepatic insufficiency. Hepatic coma is the most severe stage of hepatic encephalopathy, expressed in the loss of consciousness, the lack of response to all stimuli.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis - liver damage in persons who do not abuse alcohol, characterized by a combination of fatty degeneration and hepatitis (lobular or portal).

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma is formed in 5-15% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. The role of alcohol in carcinogenesis has not yet been elucidated. An increased incidence of cancer of the oral cavity (except for the lips), pharynx, larynx, esophagus in patients with chronic alcoholism.

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Chronic alcohol intoxication causes 50% of all cirrhosis of the liver. The disease develops in 10–30% of patients with cirrhosis of the liver 10–20 years after the onset of alcohol abuse.

Chronic alcoholic hepatitis

There are different points of view regarding the terminology of this type of alcoholic liver damage. LG Vinogradova (1990) gives the following definition: "chronic alcoholic hepatitis" is a term that denotes relapses of acute alcoholic hepatitis that arise against the backdrop of an incompletely completed previous attack of acute alcoholic hepatitis and lead to a peculiar liver damage with traits of chronic hepatitis.

Acute alcoholic hepatitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Acute alcoholic hepatitis (OAH) - acute degenerative and inflammatory liver damage caused by alcohol intoxication, morphologically characterized mainly by centrally glossy necrosis, inflammatory reaction with portal field infiltration mainly by polynucleated leukocytes and detection of alcoholic hyaline (Mallory corpuscles) in hepatocytes.

Alcoholic liver fibrosis

Alcoholic liver fibrosis develops in 10% of patients with chronic alcoholism. The main pathogenetic factor of alcoholic liver fibrosis is the ability of ethanol to stimulate the proliferation of connective tissue.

Alcoholic fatty hepatosis

A special and rare form of fatty hepatosis in chronic alcoholism is the Zieve syndrome. It is characterized by the fact that a pronounced fatty liver dystrophy is accompanied by hyperbilirubinemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hemolytic anemia.

Alcoholic adaptive hepatopathy

Alcoholic adaptive hepatopathy (hepatomegaly) is observed in 20% of patients with chronic alcoholism. This form of liver damage is characterized by hyperplasia of the endoplasmic reticulum on the background of a decrease in the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, an increase in the amount of peroxisomes and the appearance of giant mitochondria.

Alcoholic liver disease

Alcoholic liver damage (alcoholic liver disease) - various violations of the structure and functional capacity of the liver, caused by prolonged systematic use of alcoholic beverages.

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