Diseases of the liver and biliary tract

Cholestasis

Cholestasis is a stagnation and a decrease in the intake of bile in the 12 duodenum as a result of a violation of its excretion due to a pathological process at any site from the hepatocyte to the father nipple.

Wilson-Konovalov disease

Wilson-Konovalov's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) is a rare hereditary disease of a predominantly young age that is caused by a disruption in the biosynthesis of ceruloplasmin and copper transport, leading to an increase in copper content in tissues and organs, especially in the liver and brain and characterized by cirrhosis, bilateral softening and degeneration of the basal nuclei of the brain, the appearance of greenish-brown pigmentation along the periphery of the cornea (Kaiser-Fleischer ring).

Hemochromatosis

Hemochromatosis (pigmentary cirrhosis of the liver, bronze diabetes) is a hereditary disease characterized by increased absorption of iron in the intestine and deposition in organs and tissues of iron-containing pigments (mainly in the form of hemosiderin) with the development of fibrosis. In addition to hereditary (idiopathic, primary) hemochromatosis, there is also a secondary one, which develops against the background of certain diseases.

Cholangitis

Cholangitis is an inflammatory process in the bile ducts (cholangiolitis is a lesion of small bile ducts, cholangitis or angiocholitis is a lesion of larger intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, choledochitis is a common bile duct infection, papillitis is a defeat of the region of the fat nipple).

Hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy is a symptomatic complex of disorders of the central nervous system that occurs with hepatic insufficiency. Hepatic coma is the most severe stage of hepatic encephalopathy, expressed in the loss of consciousness, the lack of response to all stimuli.

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis - liver damage in persons who do not abuse alcohol, characterized by a combination of fatty degeneration and hepatitis (lobular or portal).

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma is formed in 5-15% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. The role of alcohol in carcinogenesis has not yet been elucidated. An increased incidence of cancer of the oral cavity (except for the lips), pharynx, larynx, esophagus in patients with chronic alcoholism.

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Chronic alcohol intoxication causes 50% of all cirrhosis of the liver. The disease develops in 10–30% of patients with cirrhosis of the liver 10–20 years after the onset of alcohol abuse.

Chronic alcoholic hepatitis

There are different points of view regarding the terminology of this type of alcoholic liver damage. LG Vinogradova (1990) gives the following definition: "chronic alcoholic hepatitis" is a term that denotes relapses of acute alcoholic hepatitis that arise against the backdrop of an incompletely completed previous attack of acute alcoholic hepatitis and lead to a peculiar liver damage with traits of chronic hepatitis.

Acute alcoholic hepatitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Acute alcoholic hepatitis (OAH) - acute degenerative and inflammatory liver damage caused by alcohol intoxication, morphologically characterized mainly by centrally glossy necrosis, inflammatory reaction with portal field infiltration mainly by polynucleated leukocytes and detection of alcoholic hyaline (Mallory corpuscles) in hepatocytes.

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