Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Congenital chalasia of the cardia: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Chalasia cardia - congenital insufficiency of the cardiac esophagus due to underdevelopment of intramural sympathetic ganglion cells.

Congenital short esophagus

The congenital short esophagus is an anomaly of development that forms in the fetal period, in which the distal esophagus is lined with gastric epithelium, and part of the stomach is located above the diaphragm.

Esophageal membrane: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Esophageal membrane - membrane that closes the aperture of the esophagus, which is a flap of connective tissue, covered with horny epithelium. Pathology is almost always localized in the upper esophagus. In the membrane, there are often holes that partially skip food.

Congenital stenosis of the esophagus: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Congenital stenosis of the esophagus is a narrowing of the esophagus, usually in the aortic narrowing, which arises from the hypertrophy of the muscular membrane of the esophagus in the presence of a fibrous or cartilaginous ring in the esophageal wall or the formation of thin membranes of the mucous membrane.

Atresia of the esophagus

Atresia of the esophagus (Q39.0, Q39.1) is the most common malformation in the neonatal period and diagnosed immediately after birth. The malformations listed below manifest later, often complicated by aspiration pneumonia, hypotrophy, esophagitis.

Regurgitation and vomiting

The concept of "regurgitation" (Latin regurgitation) is inextricably linked with the period of infancy and breastfeeding. Regurgitating is called casting a small amount of gastric contents into the pharynx and the oral cavity in combination with the escape of air. In fact, regurgitation is a manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux (GER), caused by anatomical and physiological features of the upper part of the digestive tract of the baby.

Dysphagia in children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Dysphagia (violation of swallowing) - describe as a feeling of difficulty when swallowing liquid or thick food, regardless of the true causes and localization of the defect. This phenomenon is based on diseases of the perinepharyngeal muscle and proximal esophagus, caused by the pathology of skeletal muscles.

Interstitial nephritis (tubulointerstitial nephritis)

Interstitial nephritis (tubulointerstitial nephritis) - acute or chronic nonspecific, abacterial, non-destructive inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidneys, accompanied by the involvement of the tubules, blood and lymph vessels of the renal stroma in the pathological process.

Cystitis in children

The characteristic signs of acute cystitis and exacerbation of chronic are frequent (pollakiuria) painful urination, pain in the bladder, urinary incontinence is possible, and in children of the first months of life - urinary retention.

Reflux Nephropathy

Reflux-nephropathy is a disease that occurs against the background of vesicoureteral reflux, characterized by the formation of focal or generalized sclerosis in the renal parenchyma.

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