Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Tetrada Fallot: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The tetralogy of Fallot consists of the following 4 congenital malformations: a large defect of the interventricular septum, an obstruction to the flow of blood at the exit from the right ventricle (stenosis of the pulmonary artery), right ventricular hypertrophy and "sitting aorta". Symptoms include cyanosis, dyspnea during feeding, impaired physical development, and hypoxemic seizures (sudden, potentially fatal episodes of severe cyanosis).

Open arterial duct: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The arterial (botalla) duct is a necessary anatomical structure, providing together with the oval window and arantium duct the embryonic type of the fetal circulation. An open arterial duct is a vessel that connects the thoracic aorta to the pulmonary artery. Normally, the function of the arterial duct stops after a few hours (no more than 15-20) after birth, and the anatomical closure continues for 2-8 weeks.

Open atrioventricular canal: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The share of the open atrioventricular canal accounts for about 4% of all congenital heart defects. The vice is characterized by underdevelopment of the partitions adjacent to the AV valves and the anomalies of the valves themselves.

Congenital heart defects

Congenital heart disease is one of the most frequent anomalies of development, occupying the third place after anomalies of the central nervous system and the musculoskeletal system. The birth rate of children with congenital heart disease in all countries of the world ranges from 2.4 to 14.2 per 1,000 newborns. The incidence of congenital heart defects among live births is 0.7-1.2 per 1000 newborns.

Atrial septal defect: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Atrial septal defect is one or more openings in the interatrial septum, through which blood is discharged from left to right, pulmonary hypertension and heart failure develop. Symptoms and signs include intolerance to physical exertion, dyspnea, weakness and atrial rhythm disturbances.

Defect of the interventricular septum: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

The defect of the interventricular septum accounts for 15-20% of all congenital heart defects. Depending on the localization of the defect, peremembranous membranes (in the membranous part of the septum) and muscular defects are distinguished, in size - large and small.

Arterial hypotension (hypotension) in children

Arterial hypotension is a symptom that reflects various degrees of lowering blood pressure. It should be emphasized that more accurately lowered arterial pressure means the term hypotension (from Greek hypo- small and latent tensio-tension). According to modern concepts, the term "... Tones" should be used to describe the tone of muscles, including the smooth muscles of the vessel wall, the term "... Tensia" - to denote the magnitude of the pressure of liquids in the vessels and cavities.

Treatment of arterial hypertension in children

The goal of treating hypertension is to achieve a steady normalization of blood pressure to reduce the risk of early cardiovascular disease and mortality.

Arterial hypertension (hypertension) in children

Arterial hypertension in children is the main risk factor for coronary heart disease, heart failure, brain diseases, renal failure, which is confirmed by the results of large-scale epidemiological studies.

Heart failure in children

The concept of heart failure can be defined as follows: a condition caused by violation of intracardiac and peripheral hemodynamics, associated with a decrease in contractility of the myocardium; a condition caused by the inability of the heart to translate the venous influx into an adequate cardiac output.

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