Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Syndrome of weakness of the sinus node in children

Syndrome of weakness of the sinus node (SSSU) - one of the most polymorphic violations of the heart rhythm in children, associated with the risk of development of syncopal conditions. The basis of the syndrome is the changes in the functional state of the main source of the heart rhythm, which for various reasons can not fully perform the role of a leading pacemaker and control the rhythm driver from a certain point.

Syndrome Brugada in children: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Syndrome Brugada refers to the primary electrical diseases of the heart with a high risk of sudden arrhythmic death. In this syndrome, there is a delay in the right ventricle (right bundle bundle blockage), ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads (V1-V3) to a resting ECG, and a high incidence of ventricular fibrillation and sudden death, mainly at night.

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in children

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (catecholaminergic) is a malignant arrhythmia caused by the presence of ventricular tachycardia of at least two morphologies and induced by physical exertion or by the administration of isoproterenol. It is accompanied by syncopal conditions, has a high risk of sudden arrhythmic death. The family variant of polymorphic catecholaminergic ventricular tachycardia is presumably considered a hereditary disease.

Hereditary long QT interval syndrome: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Hereditary syndrome of the extended QT interval is a genetically heterogeneous pathology with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. The autosomal recessive form of the long QT syndrome syndrome, the Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome, was discovered in 1957, it is rarely seen. The prolongation of the QT interval and the risk of sudden cardiac death due to the development of life-threatening arrhythmias are associated with this syndrome with congenital deafness. More common is the autosomal dominant form - the Romano-Ward syndrome, it has an isolated "cardiac" phenotype.

Ventricular tachycardia in children: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Ventricular tachycardia occupies a special place in arrhythmology, as it has a wide variability in clinical manifestations and, in some cases, a high probability of an unfavorable prognosis. Many ventricular tachycardias are associated with a high risk of ventricular fibrillation and, consequently, sudden cardiac death. Under ventricular tachycardias, a ventricular rhythm with a heart rate of 120-250 per minute is taken, consisting of three or more consecutive ventricular complexes.

Ventricular extrasystole in children

Ventricular extrasystole - premature with respect to the basic rhythm of excitation, coming from the ventricular myocardium. Ventricular extrasystole disturbs the correctness of the heart rhythm due to the prematureness of ventricular contractions, post-extrasystolic pauses and the associated asynchronous excitation of the myocardium. Ventricular extrasystole is often hemodynamically ineffective or accompanied by a decrease in cardiac output.

Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in children

Supraventricular (supraventricular) tachyarrhythmias include tachyarrhythmias with localization of the electrophysiological mechanism above the bifurcation of the bundle of the Hyis - in the atria, AV-connection, and arrhythmias with circulation of the excitation wave between the atria and ventricles. In the broadest sense, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias include sinus tachycardia due to acceleration of normal automatism of the sinus node, supraventricular extrasystole and supraventricular tachycardia proper (CBT). Supraventricular tachycardia represents the largest proportion of clinically relevant supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in childhood.

Heart rhythm disturbances in children

Heart rhythm disorders occupy one of the leading positions in the structure of morbidity and mortality of the child population. They can be presented as a primary pathology or develop against the background of an already existing disease, usually congenital heart disease. Cardiac arrhythmias often develop at the height of infectious diseases, complicate the diseases of other organs and body systems - CNS lesions, systemic connective tissue diseases, metabolic diseases, endocrine pathology.

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Right ventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is a rare disease of unclear etiology, characterized by a progressive replacement of the right ventricle myocytes with fatty or fibrous fat tissue leading to atrophy and thinning of the ventricular wall, its dilatation accompanied by ventricular rhythm disturbances of varying severity, including ventricular fibrillation.

Restrictive cardiomyopathy in children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a rare disease of the myocardium, characterized by diastolic dysfunction and increased ventricular filling pressure with normal or little-changed systolic function of the myocardium, absence of its significant hypertrophy. Phenomena of circulatory failure in such patients are not accompanied by an increase in the volume of the left ventricle.

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