Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disease characterized by focal or diffuse myocardial hypertrophy of the left and / or right ventricle, more often asymmetric, involving the hypertrophic process of the interventricular septum, normal or reduced volume of the left ventricle, accompanied by normal or increased contractility of the myocardium with a significant decrease in diastolic function.

Treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy in children

Along with innovations in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy, the last decade has been marked by the appearance of new views on her therapy, but until now the treatment remains mostly symptomatic. Therapy is based on the correction and prevention of the main clinical manifestations of the disease and its complications: chronic heart failure, heart rhythm disorders and thromboembolism.

Diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy in children

Diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy is difficult, since the disease does not have specific criteria. The final diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy is established by the elimination of all diseases that can lead to increased heart cavities and circulatory insufficiency. The most important element of the clinical picture in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy is episodes of embolism, which often lead patients to death.

Dilated cardiomyopathy in children

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disease of the myocardium, characterized by a sharp expansion of the heart cavities, a decrease in the contractile function of the myocardium, the development of congestive heart failure, often refractory to the treatment and poor prognosis.

Cardiomyopathy in children

Cardiomyopathy is a heterogeneous group of chronic, severe myocardial diseases leading to the development of myocardial dysfunction. For the first time the term "cardiomyopathy" was proposed by W. Brigden (1957) for the definition of myocardial diseases of unknown origin. At present, this concept can not be considered clearly delineated, it is often invested in it with different meanings.

Treatment of myocarditis in children

The main directions of medical treatment of myocarditis are determined by the main links in the pathogenesis of myocarditis: infectious-caused inflammation, inadequate immune response, death of cardiomyocytes (due to necrosis and progressive dystrophy, myocarditis cardiosclerosis), metabolic disturbance of cardiomyocytes. It should be borne in mind that in children myocarditis often occurs against a background of chronic focal infection, which becomes an unfavorable background (intoxication and sensitization of the body), which contributes to the development and progression of myocarditis.

Diagnosis of myocarditis in children

The diagnosis of "myocarditis" is competent when combining a previous infection with one large and two small signs. Criteria of NYHA - the initial stage of diagnosis of non-coronary diseases of the myocardium. To establish a definitive diagnosis in modern conditions, an additional examination with a visual (single-photon emission CT, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) or histological confirmation of a clinical (preliminary) diagnosis is necessary.

What causes myocarditis in children?

An important role in chronic inflammation in chronic myocarditis is involved in the pathological process of intracellular pathogens: viruses, chlamydia toxoplasma. The most frequent causative agent of viral myocarditis is the Coxsackie B virus, which is explained by the structural similarity of enteroviruses to the cell membrane of cardiomyocytes.

Myocarditis in children

Myocarditis is a disease characterized by the defeat of the inflammatory heart muscle caused by the infection, parasitic or protozoal invasion, chemical and physical factors, directly or mediated through immune mechanisms, as well as arising from allergic, autoimmune diseases and heart transplantation.

Vegeto-vascular dystonia (neurocirculatory dystonia) in children

Neurocirculatory dystonia is the most common form of vegetoneurosis, observed mainly in older children, adolescents and young people (50-75%). Accurate statistics of vegetative-vascular dystonia is difficult, first of all, because of insufficiently homogeneous approaches of practical doctors to the criteria of diagnosis and its terminology (very often the concepts of "neurocirculatory dystonia" and "vegetative-vascular dystonia" are used in practice as synonyms).

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