Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Hypothyroidism in children

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome caused by a decreased production of thyroid hormones or a lack of sensitivity to them in tissues. Allocate congenital and acquired hypothyroidism; the level of disturbance of regulatory mechanisms distinguishes primary (pathology of the thyroid gland itself), secondary (hypophysial disorders) and tertiary (hypothalamic disorders).

Congenital primary hypothyroidism in children

Congenital primary hypothyroidism occurs at a frequency of 1 in 3500-4000 newborns. The earliest symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism are not pathognomonic for this disease, only a combination of gradually emerging symptoms creates a complete clinical picture. Children are more often born with a large body weight, asphyxiation is possible. Expressed a protracted (longer than 10 days) jaundice. Reduced motor activity, sometimes note the difficulty in feeding.

Diabetes mellitus in children

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic (metabolic) diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, which results from a violation of insulin secretion, insulin action, or both of these factors (WHO, 1999).

Corrected transposition of great vessels: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Corrected transposition of the main vessels is referred to as rare congenital heart anomalies. However, clinical deviations in the corrected transposition of the main vessels are minimal and, most likely, the defect often remains undiagnosed.

Tricuspid valve anomaly (Ebstein's anomaly): symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Ebstein's anomaly (an anomaly of the tricuspid valve) is a congenital pathology of the tricuspid valve, characterized by the displacement of the valves (most often septal and posterior) into the cavity of the right ventricle, which leads to the formation of the atrialized part of the right ventricle. As a result of the displacement of the valves of the tricuspid valve, the cavity of the right ventricle is divided into two parts.

Abnormal discharge of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Anomalous divergence of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is 0.22% of all congenital heart defects. The left coronary artery departs from the left, less often from the right sinus of the pulmonary artery, its further course and branchings are the same as in the norm.

Isolated pulmonary stenosis: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Isolated stenosis of the pulmonary artery among all congenital heart defects is from 6 to 8%. More often the constriction is located in the area of the valves of the pulmonary artery and is represented by a diaphragm with a central or eccentric orifice with a diameter of 1 to 10 mm.

Stenosis of the aorta: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Stenosis of the aorta is a vice characterized by narrowing of the valvular, subvalvular or supra-valvular aperture. When stenosis develops myocardial hypertrophy of the left ventricle with a decrease in its cavity, since the myocardium of the left ventricle works with increased strain due to an obstruction to the discharge of blood into the aorta.

Coarctation of the aorta: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Coarctation of the aorta is a limited narrowing of the aortic lumen, which leads to upper limb hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and hypoperfusion of the abdominal cavity organs and lower limbs. Symptoms of coarctation of the aorta vary depending on the degree of narrowing and its extent - from headache, pain in the chest, cold extremities, weakness and lameness to fulminant heart failure and shock.

Full transposition of the main arteries: symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Transposition of the main arteries is the most common type of congenital heart disease of the blue type in children of the first months of life. It accounts for 12-20% of all congenital heart anomalies. In older children, due to high mortality, the frequency of this defect is much less. Transposition of the main arteries is 2-3 times more common in boys.

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