Diseases of children (pediatrics)

Pituitary Nanism (hypopituitarism) in children

Metabolic effects of growth hormone (STH) are complex and manifest depending on the point of application. Growth hormone is the main hormone that stimulates linear growth. It promotes the growth of bones in length, the growth and differentiation of internal organs, the development of muscle tissue.

Hypercortisism in children

Hypercorticism is a syndrome caused by the constantly high level of glucocorticoids in the blood as a result of hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex. Characterized by dysplastic obesity: "lunar" face, excess fat on the chest and abdomen with relatively thin limbs. Develop trophic skin changes (pink and purple striae on the hips, abdomen, chest, dryness, thinning).

Adrenogenital syndrome in children

Congenital dysfunction of the adrenal cortex includes a group of hereditary enzymopathies. At the heart of each fermentopathy is a genetically determined defect of the enzyme involved in steroidogenesis. Defects of five enzymes involved in the synthesis of gluco- and mineralocorticoids are described, and this or that variant of the drienogenital syndrome is formed.

Chronic adrenal insufficiency

Symptoms of chronic adrenal insufficiency are primarily due to insufficiency of glucocorticoids. Congenital forms of hypocorticism appear from the first months of life. With autoimmune adrenalitis, the onset of the disease occurs more often after 6-7 years. Characteristic lack of appetite, weight loss, lower blood pressure, asthenia.

Chronic thyroiditis in children

To chronic nonspecific thyroiditis are autoimmune and fibrotic. Fibrous thyroiditis almost does not occur in childhood. Autoimmune thyroiditis is the most common thyroid disorder in children and adolescents. The disease is determined by the autoimmune mechanism, but the basic immunological defect is unknown.

Nodular goiter in children

Nodular goiter in children is rarely diagnosed. Among benign lesions manifested as single nodes in the thyroid gland, benign adenoma, lymphocytic thyroiditis, cyst of the thyroid duct, ectopically located normal thyroid tissue, agenesis of one of the thyroid glands with collateral hypertrophy, thyroid cyst and abscess belong to the thyroid gland.

Endemic goiter in children

The most common manifestation of iodine deficiency is goiter. The formation of goiter is a compensatory reaction aimed at maintaining the homeostasis of thyroid hormones in the body.

Diffuse nontoxic goiter

Goiter - visible enlargement of the thyroid gland. Goiter occurs with various thyroid diseases and may be accompanied by clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis, often the symptoms of thyroid dysfunction are absent (euthyroidism). The presence of goiter itself does not allow us to establish the cause of the disease.

Diffuse toxic goiter in children

Diffuse toxic goiter (synonyms: Graves' disease) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease in which thyroid-stimulating antibodies are produced. Thyroid stimulating antibodies bind to TSH receptors on thyroid cells, and the process, normally triggered by TSH, is activated, a synthesis of thyroid hormones. The autonomous activity of the thyroid gland, which does not lend itself to central regulation, begins.

Acquired hypothyroidism

Primary acquired hypothyroidism develops as a result of endemic iodine deficiency, autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid gland surgery, inflammatory and tumor thyroid diseases, uncontrolled therapy with thyreostatic drugs in thyrotoxicosis.

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