Diazolin

The drug Diazolin (mebhydrolin) is an antihistamine used to reduce the symptoms of allergic reactions. It is used to relieve itching, redness, runny nose and other allergic manifestations.

Mebhydrolin, the main active ingredient in Diazolin, blocks the action of histamine, a substance that is released in the body in response to allergens and causes allergic symptoms.

Diazolin is usually available as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken one or more times a day, depending on the doctor's recommendations and the severity of symptoms.

Like any other drug, Diazolin should be used only as prescribed by a doctor and in accordance with the instructions for use, while taking into account possible side effects and contraindications. Before starting to take the drug, it is important to consult a doctor.

Indications Diazoline

1. Allergic rhinitis: Diazolin may be used to reduce nasal congestion, mucus production, and sneezing associated with allergic rhinitis.
2. Hives (urticaria): This medication may help reduce the itching, redness, and swelling of the skin that is characteristic of hives.
3. Allergic dermatitis: Diazolin may be effective in reducing itching, irritation and inflammation of the skin in contact dermatitis and other allergic skin reactions.
4. Allergic conjunctivitis: This medication may help reduce the itching, redness, and watery eyes that are common with allergic conjunctivitis.
5. Allergic reactions to food: In some cases, Diazolin may be used to relieve symptoms caused by allergic reactions to food, such as an itchy throat or skin rashes.
6. Other allergic reactions: The drug may also be prescribed to relieve symptoms of other allergic reactions, such as Quincke's edema or angioedema.

Release form

Tablets: Diazolin can be produced in the form of tablets for oral administration. Tablets can have different dosages and sizes depending on the manufacturer and the formulation.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Antihistamine action: Mebhydrolin blocks the action of histamine on H1 receptors in the body. Histamine is a substance released in response to an allergic reaction and is the main mediator of allergy symptoms such as itching, runny nose, watery eyes and skin rashes. Blocking H1 receptors prevents histamine from interacting with them, which reduces or eliminates allergic symptoms.
2. Antipruritic action: Mebhydrolin has an antipruritic effect, which helps reduce itching caused by allergic reactions or skin irritants.
3. Sedative effect: Mebhydroline generally has a sedative effect, which may cause drowsiness and reduce agitation in some patients. This may be useful in the treatment of allergic reactions accompanied by anxiety or insomnia.
4. Antiemetic action: Some studies suggest that mebhydroline may have antiemetic properties, which is the ability to prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: After oral administration of Diazolin, it is usually rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Metabolism: Diazolin is metabolized in the liver. The main metabolite is desmethylmebhydrolin.
3. Bioavailability: The bioavailability of Diazolin when taken orally is usually about 80-90%.
4. Maximum concentration (Cmax): The time to reach maximum plasma concentration of mebhydroline is usually about 2-4 hours after administration.
5. Volume of distribution (Vd): The Vd of mebhydroline is typically approximately 4-5 L/kg, indicating distribution of the drug into body tissues.
6. Elimination half-life (T½): The elimination half-life of mebhydroline in the body is usually about 4-6 hours.
7. Excretion: Mainly excreted unchanged via the kidneys.
8. Metabolism interactions: Diazolin may interact with other drugs, in particular with other central depressants, which may lead to increased depressant effects on the central nervous system.

Dosing and administration

1. Pills:

   • For adults and children over 12 years of age: The usual dose is 50-100 mg (1-2 tablets) 2-3 times a day, as needed.
   • For children aged 6 to 12 years: The usual dose is 25-50 mg (1/2 - 1 tablet) 2-3 times a day, as needed.
   • For children under 6 years of age: Diazolin is generally not recommended due to insufficient information on efficacy and safety.

Use Diazoline during pregnancy

The issue of its use during pregnancy requires special attention, since complete data on the safety of mebhydrolin use in pregnant women is limited.

In general, many antihistamines are recommended to be avoided in the first trimester of pregnancy due to the potential risk of teratogenic effects that may affect fetal development. The use of antihistamines, including Diazolin, can only be justified in cases where the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to fetal development.

If you are considering using Diazolin or other medications during pregnancy, it is important to consult with your doctor. A healthcare professional will be able to assess all the risks and benefits, taking into account the individual characteristics of your health and the course of your pregnancy.

Contraindications

1. Hypersensitivity: People with known hypersensitivity to mebhydroline or any of the components of the drug should avoid its use.
2. Bronchial asthma: Diazolin should be used with caution in patients with bronchial asthma, as it may increase symptoms or cause worsening of the condition.
3. Glaucoma: This medicine may increase the pressure in your eye and worsen the symptoms of glaucoma (high pressure in your eye).
4. Urethral stenosis: Patients with urethral stenosis should avoid using Diazolin because of its potential to cause urinary retention.
5. Prostatic hyperplasia: Diazolin may increase the symptoms of prostatic hyperplasia (enlargement of the prostate).
6. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The use of Diazolin during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be assessed by a doctor, since data on its safety in these periods is limited.
7. Children: The use of Diazolin in children should be carried out under the supervision of a physician and in accordance with the instructions on the package.
8. Use with other medications: Before starting to use Diazolin in combination with other medications, you should consult with your doctor to ensure there are no potential interactions.

Side effects Diazoline

1. Drowsiness: This is one of the most common side effects of Diazolin. Patients may feel sleepy or tired, especially when they first start taking the drug.
2. Decreased concentration: Diazolin may also reduce the ability to concentrate and perform tasks that require increased attention.
3. Dry mouth: Some patients may experience a feeling of dry mouth while taking Diazolin.
4. Constipation: Some people may experience constipation or difficulty passing stool while taking Diazolin.
5. Blurred vision: Some patients may experience blurred vision or changes in perception.
6. Uretic retention: In rare cases, taking antihistamines, including Diazolin, may cause uretic retention in patients with an enlarged prostate gland.
7. Rare skin reactions: In some cases, allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching or hives may occur.
8. Gastrointestinal disorders: Includes nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Overdose

1. Drowsiness and central nervous system depression: Overdosing on mebhydroline may increase its sedative effects, resulting in excessive drowsiness, lethargy, dizziness, and difficulty with motor coordination.
2. Anticholinergic effects: Mebhydroline has anticholinergic properties that may cause dry mouth, dilated pupils, constipation, difficulty urinating, and possibly increased body temperature.
3. Tachycardia and arrhythmias: Patients who overdose may experience abnormal heart rhythms such as rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) or arrhythmias.
4. Hypotension: Overdosing on mebhydroline can cause low blood pressure and hypotension, which can lead to dizziness, feeling faint, or even loss of consciousness.
5. Respiratory failure: In case of severe overdose of mebhydroline, respiratory failure may develop, which is a potentially dangerous condition and requires immediate medical attention.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Central depressants: When Diazolin is used simultaneously with other central depressants such as alcohol, barbiturates, hypnotics or pain relievers, an enhanced effect on the central nervous system may occur, which may lead to increased sedation and respiratory depression.
2. CNS depressants: Use of Diazolin with antidepressants, antipsychotics or other drugs that depress the central nervous system may increase the sedative effect and respiratory depression.
3. Anticholinergic drugs: Using Diazolin with anticholinergic drugs such as antihistamines, antiparkinsonian drugs or drugs for anxiety may increase anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, constipation and visual disturbances.
4. Drugs used to treat arrhythmias: Diazolin may enhance the effect of drugs used to treat arrhythmias, such as aminodarone or quinidine, which may lead to an increase in the duration of the QT interval and the risk of developing arrhythmias.
5. Drugs for the treatment of hypertension: The use of Diazolin with antihypertensive drugs, such as beta-blockers or ACE inhibitors, can enhance the hypotensive effect and lead to a significant decrease in blood pressure.