Diazolin

Diazolin (mebhydrolin) is an antihistamine used to reduce the symptoms of allergic reactions. It is used to relieve itching, redness, runny nose and other allergic symptoms.

Mebhydrolin, the main active ingredient in Diazolin, blocks the action of histamine, a substance that is released in the body in response to allergens and causes allergic symptoms.

Diazolin is usually available as an oral tablet. It is usually taken one or more times a day, depending on the doctor's recommendations and the severity of symptoms.

Like any other drug, Diazolin should only be used as prescribed by a doctor and in accordance with the instructions for use, while taking into account possible side effects and contraindications. It is important to consult a doctor before starting to take the drug.

Indications Diazolina

1. Allergic rhinitis: Diazolin may be used to relieve nasal congestion, mucus, and sneezing associated with allergic rhinitis.
2. Hives (rubella pruritus): This medicine may help reduce the itching, redness and swelling of the skin associated with hives.
3. Allergic dermatitis: Diazolin may be effective in reducing itching, irritation and inflammation of the skin associated with contact dermatitis and other allergic skin reactions.
4. Allergic conjunctivitis: This medication may help reduce the itching, redness, and watery eyes that occur with allergic conjunctivitis.
5. Allergic reactions to food: In some cases, Diazolin may be used to relieve symptoms caused by allergic reactions to food, such as an itchy throat or skin rashes.
6. Other allergic reactions: The drug may also be prescribed to relieve symptoms of other allergic reactions, such as angioedema or angioedema.

Release form

Tablets: Diazolin may be available in the form of tablets for oral administration. Tablets may have different dosages and sizes depending on the manufacturer and formulation.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Antihistamine effect: Mebhydrolin blocks the action of histamine on H1 receptors in the body. Histamine is a substance released in response to an allergic reaction and is the main mediator of allergy symptoms such as itching, runny nose, watery eyes and skin rashes. Blocking H1 receptors prevents histamine from interacting with them, which reduces or eliminates allergic symptoms.
2. Antipruritic effect: Mebhydrolin has an antipruritic effect that helps reduce itching caused by allergic reactions or skin irritants.
3. Sedative Effects: Mebhydrolin generally has a sedative effect, which may cause drowsiness and reduce agitation in some patients. This may be useful in treating allergic reactions accompanied by anxiety or insomnia.
4. Antiemetic effects: Some studies suggest that mebhydrolin may have antiemetic properties, that is, the ability to prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Absorption: After oral administration of Diazolin, it is usually rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Metabolism: Diazolin undergoes metabolism in the liver. The main metabolite is desmethylmebhydroline.
3. Bioavailability: The bioavailability of Diazolin when taken orally is usually around 80-90%.
4. Maximum concentration (Cmax): The time to reach the maximum concentration of mebhydrolin in the blood plasma is usually about 2-4 hours after administration.
5. Volume of distribution (Vd): Vd of mebhydrolin is usually approximately 4-5 l/kg, which indicates the distribution of the drug in the tissues of the body.
6. Half-life (T½): The elimination half-life of mebhydrolin from the body is usually about 4-6 hours.
7. Excretion: Mainly excreted unchanged through the kidneys.
8. Metabolism interactions: Diazolin may interact with other drugs, in particular with other central depressants, which may lead to increased depressive effects on the central nervous system.

Dosing and administration

1. Tablets:

   • For adults and children over 12 years of age: the usual dose is 50-100 mg (1-2 tablets) 2-3 times a day, as needed.
   • For children aged 6 to 12 years: the usual dose is 25-50 mg (1/2 - 1 tablet) 2-3 times daily, as needed.
   • For children under 6 years of age: Diazolin is generally not recommended due to insufficient information about effectiveness and safety.

Use Diazolina during pregnancy

The issue of its use during pregnancy requires special attention, since complete data on the safety of the use of mebhydrolin for pregnant women are limited.

In general, many antihistamines are recommended to be avoided during the first trimester of pregnancy due to the potential risk of teratogenic effects that may affect fetal development. The use of antihistamines, including Diazolin, can be justified only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the development of the fetus.

If you are considering using Diazolin or other medications during pregnancy, it is extremely important to consult your doctor. A medical specialist will be able to assess all the risks and benefits, taking into account the individual characteristics of your health and the course of your pregnancy.

Contraindications

1. Hypersensitivity: People with a known hypersensitivity to mebhydrolin or any of the components of the drug should avoid its use.
2. Bronchial asthma: Diazolin should be used with caution in patients with bronchial asthma as it may worsen symptoms or worsen the condition.
3. Glaucoma: This medicine may increase intraocular pressure and worsen symptoms of glaucoma (high intraocular pressure).
4. Urethral Constriction: Patients with urethral constriction should avoid using Diazolin due to its ability to cause urinary retention.
5. Prostatic hyperplasia: Diazolin may increase symptoms of prostatic hyperplasia (enlargement of the prostate).
6. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The use of Diazolin during pregnancy and breastfeeding should be evaluated by a physician, as data on its safety during these periods are limited.
7. Children: Use of Diazolin in children should be under medical supervision and in accordance with the instructions on the package.
8. Use with other medications: Before using Diazolin in combination with other medications, you should consult your doctor to ensure there are no potential interactions.

Side effects Diazolina

1. Drowsiness: This is one of the most common side effects of Diazolin. Patients may feel sleepy or tired, especially when starting to take the drug.
2. Decreased concentration: Diazolin may also reduce the ability to concentrate and perform tasks that require increased attention.
3. Dry mouth: Some patients may experience a feeling of dry mouth while taking Diazolin.
4. Constipation: Some people may experience constipation or difficulty passing stool while taking Diazolin.
5. Blurred vision: Some patients may experience blurred vision or changes in perception.
6. Uretic retention: In rare cases, taking antihistamines, including Diazolin, may cause uretic retention in patients with an enlarged prostate gland.
7. Rare skin reactions: In some cases, allergic reactions such as skin rash, itching, or hives may occur.
8. Gastrointestinal disorders: Include nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.

Overdose

1. Drowsiness and central nervous system depression: Overdose of mebhydrolin may increase its sedative effects, leading to excessive drowsiness, lethargy, dizziness and difficulty coordinating movements.
2. Anticholinergic effects: Mebhydrolin has anticholinergic properties that may cause dry mouth, dilated pupils, constipation, difficulty urinating, and possibly increased body temperature.
3. Tachycardia and arrhythmias: Patients with an overdose may experience heart rhythm disturbances such as rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) or arrhythmias.
4. Hypotension: An overdose of mebhydrolin can cause low blood pressure and hypotension, which can lead to dizziness, a feeling of weakness or even loss of consciousness.
5. Respiratory failure: In case of severe overdose of mebhydrolin, respiratory failure may develop, which is a potentially dangerous condition and requires immediate medical attention.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Central depressants: When Diazolin is used concomitantly with other central depressants, such as alcohol, barbiturates, hypnotics, or pain medications, an enhanced effect on the central nervous system may occur, which may lead to increased sedation and respiratory depression.
2. CNS depressants: Use of Diazolin with antidepressants, antipsychotics, or other drugs that depress the central nervous system may increase sedation and respiratory depression.
3. Anticholinergic drugs: Use of Diazolin with anticholinergic drugs, such as antihistamines, antiparkinsonian drugs, or drugs used to treat anxiety, may increase anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, constipation, and visual disturbances.
4. Drugs used to treat arrhythmias: Diazolin may increase the effect of drugs used to treat arrhythmias, such as aminodarone or quinidine, which may result in prolongation of the QT interval and the risk of developing arrhythmias.
5. Drugs for the treatment of hypertension: The use of Diazolin with antihypertensive drugs, such as beta blockers or ACE inhibitors, may enhance the hypotensive effect and lead to a significant decrease in blood pressure.