Dextrose

Dextrose is a means of carbohydrate nutrition.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5],

Indications of the dextrose

It is shown for elimination of hypoglycemia and toxicoinfection, and in addition to this deficiency of carbohydrate nutrition, hemorrhagic diathesis and poisoning due to hepatic pathologies (such as atrophic or dystrophic liver damage (also liver failure) and hepatitis). In addition, they are also treated for dehydration (with diarrhea, vomiting or during the period after surgery), shock with collapse and poisoning.

It is used as an additional element in a variety of anti-shock or blood-substituting fluids - to manufacture medical solutions for intravenous administration.

[6], [7]

Release form

Produced in the form of an infusion solution (5 or 10 mg / ml). One bottle or bottle contains 100 milliliters of solution. One package contains 1 bottle, in a pack for stationary use - contains 10 bottles.

[8], [9], [10]

Pharmacodynamics

The drug is a participant in a variety of metabolic processes, and besides it improves the antitoxic activity of the liver and enhances the processes of oxidation-reduction occurring inside the body. Due to the introduction of a drug solution, some deficiency of water in the body occurs. The dextrose tissue entering the tissues undergoes the process of phosphorylation and is further transformed into Robinson's ether (he becomes an active participant in many parts of metabolism).

Isotonic 5% dextrose solution has a metabolic effect and de-toxication properties. It is a source of a nutritious element quickly and easily assimilated by the body. After the metabolism of the substance inside the tissues, a large percentage of the energy required for healthy vital activity is released.

Glucose in a hypertonic 10% solution rapidly increases the level of osmotic blood pressure and improves metabolic processes. In addition, it also increases myocardial contractility, positively affects the antitoxic activity of the liver, raises diuresis and exerts an expanding effect on the vessels.

[11], [12], [13]

Pharmacokinetics

The drug is fully absorbed inside the body, excretion through the kidneys in the normal state should not occur. If the remnants of the substance are observed in the urine - this indicates the presence of pathology.

[14], [15], [16], [17],

Dosing and administration

The solution (5%) is administered by the dropwise method intravenously (do it at the maximum permissible speed - no more than 7 ml (or 150 drops) / minute (or 400 ml / hour)). For a day an adult is allowed to enter no more than 2000 ml. The solution (10%) is introduced at the maximum speed - no more than 3 ml (or 60 drops / minute). In a day adult can enter no more than 1000 ml. In a jet method, intravenously - 10-50 ml of solution (10%).

In the case of parenteral nutrition for adults (having a normal metabolism), the amount of dextrose administered per day can not be higher than 4-6 g / kg (approximately 250-450 g per day). If the intensity of metabolism decreases, the daily dosage should be reduced to 200-300 g. It should be noted that the daily volume of fluid that is injected into the body is 30-40 ml / kg. If the patient has normal metabolism, the maximum speed with which the medication is administered to an adult patient is 0.25-0.5 g / kg / h. If the metabolic rate is lowered, the rate is reduced to 0.125-0.25 g / kg / h.

For children with parenteral nutrition, together with amino acids, and in addition fats, add dextrose in a daily dosage of 6 g / kg (on the first day), and further - no more than 15 g / kg. When calculating the dosage of dextrose at the time of administration of solutions (and 5 and 10%), the maximum allowable daily volume of fluid to be taken into the body should be taken into account:

• children, whose weight is 2-10 kg - 100-165 ml / kg;
• children, whose weight is 10-40 kg - for 45-100 ml / kg.

The rate of administration in such cases can not be higher than 0.75 g / kg / h.

To ensure a more complete assimilation of the drug, which is administered at high dosages, in addition to it, the administration of insulin is prescribed (ratio: 1 U / 4-5 g). Patients with diabetes mellitus need to use dextrose, controlling its level inside the urine and blood.

[20]

Use of the dextrose during pregnancy

Use the solution during the period of feeding or pregnancy is allowed only with the appointment of a doctor.

Contraindications

Among the contraindications of drugs:

• hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
• Hyperglycemia, hyperhydria or hyperlactacidemia;
• arising during the postoperative period of disturbance in the process of glucose utilization;
• swelling in the lungs or the brain;
• acute form of left ventricular failure;
• non-ketonemic coma.

The medicine is prescribed with caution, if the patient has diabetes mellitus, and in addition a decompensated form of heart failure or a chronic form of kidney failure (oligo- or anuria), and in addition hyponatremia.

[18]

Side effects of the dextrose

As a result of using the medication, these side effects can occur:

• a violation in the body of the balance of water and electrolytes;
• development of fever, and in addition to this, hyperglycemia or plethora;
• acute form of left ventricular failure.

Among the local manifestations: the emergence of thrombophlebitis or infectious process.

[19]

Overdose

Manifestations of a drug overdose: the development of hyperglycemia or glycosuria, and in addition a violation of the balance of electrolytes and water in the body.

To eliminate the violations, you should cancel the use of the solution and inject the patient with insulin. Also, treatment is needed to get rid of the symptoms of the disorders.

[21], [22], [23], [24]

Interactions with other drugs

In the process of combining the solution with other drugs, you need to visually monitor their pharmaceutical compatibility.

[25], [26], [27], [28],

Storage conditions

Keep the solution in a place that is protected from penetration of sunlight and moisture, and also inaccessible to children. The temperature is within 5-20 ° C.

[29]

Shelf life

Dextrose is suitable for use within 3 years from the moment of making the solution.

[30]