Dexazone

Glucocorticoid drug Dexazone is a representative of corticosteroids for systemic administration. 

[1],

Indications Dexazone

A list of indications for which dexazone is appropriate is broad enough. It presents the following major diseases and conditions in which the drug is administered in the form of IM or IV injection:

• pathology of the endocrine system (adrenocortical deficiency, adrenal hyperplasia, thyroiditis with subacute flow, endocrine tumors);
• allergic conditions (asthmatic status, allergic rhinitis, atopic manifestations of dermatitis, serum sickness, Quincke's edema, anaphylaxis);
• dermatological pathologies (erythema multiforme, mushroom mycosis, true pemphigus, pemphigus dermatitis);
• Lipoid nephrosis, lupus nephritis;
• digestive disorders (ulcerative inflammation of the intestine, Crohn's disease);
• pathology of the hematopoietic system (secondary hemolytic anemia of an autoimmune nature, thrombocytopenic purpura, hereditary hypoplastic anemia, erythroblastopenic syndrome);
• oncological diseases (leukemia, lymphoma, leukemia);
• ophthalmopathology (ophthalmologic herpes, ophthalmia, keratouveitis, inflammation of the optic nerve);
• pathology of the respiratory system (sarcoidosis, common tuberculosis, Leffler's disease);
• rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, traumatic arthritis, synovitis, bursitis, tendovaginitis, spondylitis, epicondylitis, etc .;
• connective tissue diseases (systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic carditis);
• edema of the brain of various etiologies;
• tuberculous meningitis, trichinosis involving the process of nerve fibers and cardiac muscle.

Intra-articular injections Dexazone is practiced with inflammatory and destructive changes within the joints.

Topical application Dexazone is possible with keloid formations, psoriasis, nesting baldness, ring granuloma, discoid lupus.

[2], [3]

Release form

Dexazone is an injectable liquid, with the active ingredient dexamethasone.

In 1 ml of the injection solution, 4 mg of the active ingredient in the form of sodium phosphate dexamethasone is present.

The injectable liquid is clear, without a certain shade or color.

The drug Dexazone is dispensed in glass ampoules of 1 ml capacity, only with prescription medical confirmation.

Pharmacodynamics

Dexazone and the active ingredient of the drug belong to fluorinated glucocorticoid hormones, which have anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive ability. Mineralocorticoid properties are more active, compared with other drugs of this pharmacological category.

The action of the drug Dexazon is due to inhibition of migration and properties of macrophages, t-lymphocytes and other cytokines, as well as on gene suppression.

Among other things, glucocorticoid hormones have a significant effect on metabolic processes and electrolyte balance in the body.

[4], [5],

Pharmacokinetics

With intramuscular injection of Dexazone, the limit of the active ingredient in the serum is detected after 60 minutes.

The half-life can be about 3 hours and 10 minutes.

Dexazone and its active ingredient are associated with plasma proteins by 77%. No more than 65% of the administered dosage is excreted from the body through the urinary system for 24 hours.

Dexazone without problems overcomes the placental barrier.

[6], [7], [8]

Dosing and administration

Doses for hormone therapy by dexazone are administered individually. In severe cases, Dexazone is administered 10-15 mg daily. The maintenance amount of the drug is from 2 to 4.5 mg daily. The daily dosage is given in 2-3 injections. If the dose is small, then the administration is allowed once a day - in the morning.

Intraarticular and intramuscular injections can be carried out 3-4 times a day, in an amount of 4-20 mg. As a rule, such treatment lasts up to 4 days, after which the patient is transferred to the internal reception of the drug.

Pediatric dosage Dexazone can be 0.02 mg of the drug per 1 kg of the child's weight, or 0.67 mg per m2 of the total body surface (the amount of the drug per day divided by 3 injections).

Use Dexazone during pregnancy

Dexazone and other glucocorticoid hormones easily overcome the placental layer and can be determined in sufficiently large concentrations in the fetal tissues. Studies have shown that even small doses of the drug can affect the risk of developing placental insufficiency, lack of hydration, slowing the growth of the fetus, the development of intrauterine pathologies, and may even lead to fetal death.

Pregnant women Dexazone can be prescribed only if there are life indications.

A small amount of the drug is found in the composition of breast milk, which can affect the inhibition of growth and development of the baby and the worsening of the release of endogenous glucocorticoid hormones. For this reason, breastfeeding during treatment with the drug should be discontinued.

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity to dexazone ingredients.
• Fungal lesions of a systemic nature.
• Other infections of a systemic nature.
• Vaccination with live vaccines with simultaneous administration of immunosuppressive doses of Dexazone.
• Infections of joints and nearby soft tissues.

[9], [10]

Side effects Dexazone

• Endocrine disorders: corticosteroid diabetes mellitus, suppression of natural hormone production by the adrenal glands, pituitary obesity, menstrual cycle disorders, delay in sexual development of adolescents.
• Exchange disorders: increased calcium ion withdrawal, weight gain, increased protein breakdown, hyperhidrosis, hypernatremia.
• Nervous system disorders: disorientation, hallucinations, depressive states, manic conditions, paranoid conditions, irritability, sleep disorders, convulsions, headaches.
• Cardiovascular disorders: slowing of cardiac activity, arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, increased blood clotting, thrombosis.
• Digestive disorders: attacks of nausea and vomiting, inflammation of the pancreas, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer, changes in appetite, bloating, hyperactivity of hepatic transaminases and alkaline phosphatase.
• Ophthalmic disorders: cataracts, increased intraocular pressure, infectious eye diseases, corneal dystrophy, exophthalmos.
• Changes in bones and muscles: osteoporosis, weakness of tendons, glucocorticosteroid myopathy, muscular atrophy.
• Disturbances from the skin: deterioration of wound healing, skin dystrophy, acne eruptions, striae, infectious predisposition of cutaneous and mucous membranes, local tissue necrosis.
• Allergic processes.
• Immunodepressive states.

Overdose

In rare cases, there were intoxications and death of patients after taking an excessive amount of Dexazone.

There is no specific antidote - instead they are treated according to existing symptoms, and also take measures to maintain the vital vital functions of the body.

With the development of anaphylactic shock, adrenaline is administered to the patient, ventilation is performed. The patient is provided with warmth, access to fresh air and rest.

[11], [12]

Interactions with other drugs

Simultaneous application	Consequences of use
Antipsychotic drugs, azathioprine, bucarban	Development of cataracts
Dexamethasone	Decrease in the action of insulin and hypoglycemic agents for internal use
Hormonal contraceptives, estrogens, anabolics, androgens	The development of hirsutism, the appearance of acne eruptions
Diuretics	Hypokalemia
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	Discomfort of the digestive system
Cardiac glycosides	Intolerance to cardiac glycosides due to a lack of potassium
Anticoagulants for internal use	Decreased anticoagulant effect
Methotrexate	Increased toxic load on the liver
Rifampicin, hypnotics, phenytoin	Enhancement of excretion of dexazone active ingredient from the body

Dexazone is not mixed in one injection with any other medicines and substances, except for a physiological solution of sodium chloride and 5% glucose solution.

[13], [14], [15]

Storage conditions

Dexazone in ampoules can be stored in ordinary room conditions with a room temperature of not more than + 25 ° C, outside the children's access zone.

[16], [17]

Shelf life

Dexazone is stored for no more than 3 years, after which the drug should be disposed of.

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