Daunol

Daunol belongs to the group of cytotoxic antibacterial drugs.

[1], [2], [3]

Indications Daunol

Daunol is prescribed in acute forms of myelo- and lymphocytic leukemia in order to achieve complete remission. 

[4], [5], [6]

Pharmacodynamics

Daunol is an antitumor drug from the group of anthracycline antibiotics. The oppression of cancer cells is due to the inhibition of the synthesis of RNA and DNA proteins of tumor cells. The principle of the drug is based on the penetration of anthracycline between adjacent pairs of bases of the DNA helix, which prevents its unwinding and subsequent resumption. 

[7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12]

Pharmacokinetics

Daunol is rapidly spreading after administration, especially the drug penetrates into the spleen, liver, kidneys, heart.

Daunol is unable to overcome the barrier between the circulatory and central nervous system. Transformation processes occur primarily in the liver, in which an active metabolite daunorubicinol is formed.

The half-life in the initial phase is 45 minutes, in the final phase, from 18 to 55 hours. The drug is excreted by the kidneys and gall bladder. 

[13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]

Dosing and administration

Daunol is administered intravenously, used in diluted form. A solution of sodium chloride is used to prepare the solution.

Adult patients are usually prescribed up to three injections of 40-60 mg / m ² (every other day).

In acute myeloid leukemia, the recommended dose is 45 mg / m ², with acute lymphocytic leukemia - 45 mg / m ^2.

Children from two years are prescribed the same dosage as adults who are younger than two years - 1 mg / kg per day.

Patients in old age are recommended to reduce the dosage twice.

The number of injections is prescribed by the doctor, taking into account the individual reaction of the organism to Daunol treatment.

Patients with impaired renal or hepatic function require a change in dosage.

Use Daunol during pregnancy

Daunol is contraindicated in pregnant women. If it is necessary to use the medication, it is recommended to stop breastfeeding, since Daunol has a endogenic, mutagenic effect and other unfavorable effects for the fetus).

Contraindications

Daunol is not prescribed in case of increased susceptibility to some components of the drug, the depressed function of the bone marrow, extreme exhaustion of the organism, in the last stages of oncological processes, metastasis of the bone marrow, diseases of viral infections, organic heart lesions, peptic ulcer of the digestive system at the stage of exacerbation.

Also, the drug is not given to pregnant and breastfeeding women. 

[20]

Side effects Daunol

Against the background of treatment with Daunol, palpitation may occur, shortness of breath, swelling of the legs. When the dose is raised to 600 mg / m ² (for children up to 300 mg / m ² ), paralysis of the heart is possible. The poisoning effect on the cardiovascular system most often develops in children and the elderly.

Also, changes in the blood composition (elevated platelet count, leukocytes, hemoglobin decrease), nausea, inflammation of the oral mucosa, digestive tract, impaired appetite, upset of the stool, kidney damage (at the beginning of treatment, urine may be dyed red), alopecia, redness darkening) of the skin, inflammation of the bladder, necrotic changes of subcutaneous fat, allergic reactions. In rare cases, bleeding occurs, headaches, vascular rupture, inflammation or necrosis at the injection site. 

[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26]

Overdose

When an overdose of the drug causes pain in the heart, increased heart rate, lower blood pressure, lower levels of white blood cells, platelets, weakness, nausea.

In this case, symptomatic treatment is recommended. 

[27], [28], [29], [30]

Interactions with other drugs

With the simultaneous use of radiation therapy and other antitumour agents, Daunol enhances the therapeutic effect and suppresses the hematopoietic function.

Cyclophosphamide increases the cardiotoxic effect of Daunol (especially in heart diseases).

Daunol reduces the anti-arthritic effect of alopurinril, colchicine, sulfinpyrazone.

When vaccinated with drugs with weakened viral microorganisms, there may be a renewal of the virus and an increase in adverse reactions, preparations with killed viruses - a decrease in the production of antibodies. 

[31], [32]

Storage conditions

The medicine should be stored in a place protected from sunlight and moisture. The temperature of storage should not be above 25 ⁰ C. The medicine should be protected from children. 

[33], [34], [35], [36], [37]

Shelf life

Daunol is suitable for two years from the date of manufacture. 

[38]