A-Klav-Pharmex

The antibiotic A-Klav-Pharmex belongs to the pharmacotherapeutic group of biosynthetic penicillins and has the international name Amoxicillin and enzyme inhibitor.

Analog drugs of A-Clav-Pharmex: Augmentin, Medoclav, Amoxiclav Quiktab, Amoxicomb, Amoxi-apo-Clav, Panclave, Kamox-Clav, Betaclave, Amoxil, Klavam, Flemoclav Solutab.

Indications A-Klav-Pharmex

Indications for the use of A-Klav-Pharmex concern the treatment of bacterial infections caused by pathogenic microorganisms sensitive to the combination of active substances of the drug, primarily mixed infectious pathologies that arise as a result of the effect on the body of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic microbes and anaerobes.

The list of indications for use includes the following diseases:

• respiratory tract infections (pneumonia, acute bronchitis with bacterial superinfection, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis);
• infections of the throat, nose and ears (recurrent tonsillitis, acute and chronic sinusitis, acute and chronic otitis, retropharyngeal abscess);
• urinary tract infections (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, pyelitis);
• skin and soft tissue infections (purulent wounds, fasciitis, phlegmon, secondarily infected dermatoses);
• infectious inflammations of bone tissue and joints, including osteomyelitis;
• gynecological infections (endometritis, bacterial vaginitis, septic abortion, postpartum infections) and sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, chancroid);
• abdominal infections and postoperative complications in the abdominal cavity, including sepsis. As well as prevention of infections during surgical intervention.

Release form

Release form: powder in vials for preparation of injection solution (1000 mg/200 mg and 500 mg/100 mg), powder in vials for preparation of suspension for oral use (312.5 mg/5 ml), film-coated tablets (875 mg, 500 mg and 250 mg in terms of amoxicillin), capsules 120 mg.

The active ingredients are amoxicillin in the form of trihydrate and clavulanic acid in the form of potassium salt.

Pharmacodynamics

The drug A-Klav-Pharmex is a combination of the penicillin antibiotic amoxicillin, which has a broad spectrum of action, and clavulanic acid, which is an inhibitor of beta-lactamases produced by such microorganisms as gram-positive aerobes (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Listeria spp., Enteroccocus faecalls), gram-negative aerobes (Haemophillus, Moraxella, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus, Salmonella species, Shigella species) and anaerobes (Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Bacteroides spp., etc.). Due to the effect of clavulanic acid on bacterial cells, pathogenic microbes lose the ability to resist the therapeutic effect of amoxicillin.

Pharmacokinetics

The main pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are similar: they quickly penetrate into body fluids and tissues, and in meningitis they penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The highest concentration level in tissues and fluids is achieved 60 minutes after the peak of their concentration in the blood serum. It should be noted that A-Clav-Pharmex also penetrates the placental barrier and enters breast milk (in insignificant concentrations).

Up to 20% of amoxicillin and about 30% of clavulanic acid are bound to plasma proteins. Amoxicillin is excreted in urine almost unchanged, while clavulanic acid is actively metabolized in the liver, and the metabolites are excreted by the kidneys, intestines, and lungs.

Dosing and administration

The dosage and method of administration of this drug are determined depending on the age, body weight and condition of the patient's kidneys, the location of the infection and the severity of the disease.

A-Klav-Pharmex is prescribed to adults and children over 12 years of age (i.e. weighing over 40 kg) in the following dosage: 500 mg twice a day or 250 mg three times a day. In severe cases (and respiratory tract infections) - 875 mg 2 times or 500 mg 3 times a day. The drug is administered intravenously (slowly, over 3-5 minutes) or by drip (over 30-40 minutes).

For children under 12 years of age, the drug can be prescribed as a suspension (water is used as a solvent): children under 3 months - 30 mg per kilogram of weight (in 2 doses per day); children 3 months and older - 25 mg per kilogram of weight (in 2 doses per day) or 20 mg per kilogram of weight (in 3 doses per day). In severe cases - 45 mg per kilogram of weight (in 2 doses per day) or 40 mg per kilogram of weight (in 3 doses). The course of treatment for adults and children is from 5 to 14 days.

During the course of treatment, parenteral administration of A-Clav-Pharmex may be replaced by oral administration. Adults and children over 12 years of age (with mild or moderate course of the disease) are prescribed 1 tablet (250 mg) every 8 hours or 1 tablet (500 mg) every 12 hours. In case of severe course of infection and respiratory infections - 1 tablet (500 mg) every 8 hours or 1 tablet (875 mg) every 12 hours. During treatment with A-Clav-Pharmex, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids.

Use A-Klav-Pharmex during pregnancy

The use of A-Klav-Pharmex during pregnancy is permitted if there are clear indications and when the expected benefit to the mother's health outweighs the risk of negative effects on the fetus. If the drug is used during lactation, it is recommended to suspend breastfeeding for the duration of treatment.

Contraindications

The use of A-Clav-Pharmex is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to amoxicillin, clavulanic acid or other components of this drug, as well as to antibiotics of the penicillin group. A-Clav-Pharmex is not used in infectious mononucleosis, cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis, which were caused by taking penicillin and antibiotics of this group.

Side effects A-Klav-Pharmex

As a rule, the side effects of A-Klav-Pharmex are mild and pass quickly. Most often, the side effects affect the gastrointestinal tract (in the form of diarrhea, nausea and vomiting), and also cause a skin reaction in the form of allergic dermatitis (rarely - in the form of erythema multiforme).

From the hematopoietic system, a decrease in the number of leukocytes in the blood (leukopenia) and the number of platelets (thrombocytopenia) is possible. Hemolytic anemia is very rare.

Some patients experience dizziness and headaches when treated with A-Clav-Pharmex. At high doses of the drug, as well as in patients with kidney pathologies, convulsions and hematuria (the presence of blood in the urine) may occur.

Overdose

Overdose, i.e. taking a large amount of A-Clav-Pharmex, can lead to nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, as well as insomnia, dizziness and convulsions.

Interactions with other drugs

The following can be used as infusion solutions: water for injection, saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride), Ringer's lactate solution for infusions, potassium chloride or sodium chloride solution for intravenous infusions.

When administering intravenous infusions, A-Clav-Pharmex must not be mixed with other medicinal products in the same syringe or vial.

The interaction of A-Clav-Pharmex with other drugs is expressed in the fact that its simultaneous use with methotrexate increases its toxicity, with allopurinol - increases the risk of developing exanthema. In addition, A-Clav-Pharmex should not be prescribed together with anticoagulant drugs, aminoglycosides, disulfiram.

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Storage conditions

Storage conditions: the drug should be stored in a dry, dark place (out of reach of children) at a temperature not exceeding +25°C. The bottle with the prepared suspension should be kept tightly closed at a temperature of +2-8°C, use within 7 days.

Shelf life

The shelf life of the drug is 2 years from the date of manufacture.