Chlorhexidine Bigluconate

Chlorhexidine Bigluconate has disinfecting properties, mainly bactericidal.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Indications of the chlorhexidine Bigluconate

It is used to treat a variety of diseases (taking into account the level of concentration of the therapeutic solution).

Solutions at a concentration of 0.05%, as well as 0.1% and 0.2% are commonly used to prevent the development of infections after performing surgical operations.

Dentists use this solution in the form of a tool that processes dentures, and in addition, it is prescribed for periodontitis or stomatitis - to rinse the gum.

Applied for the treatment of skin in surgery and urology (if it is required to penetrate the urethra, etc.), and in addition to gynecological operations and after them - to prevent the possibility of infection.

In addition, in gynecological practice, Chlorhexidine is used to treat thrush. In this case it is necessary to perform douching according to the scheme prescribed by the doctor.

The drug is prescribed and when many dermatological pathologies (both fungal and bacterial) are eliminated. Along with this, the drug is prescribed for mucosal lesions caused by bacteria that are sensitive to the active element of the drug, and purulent wounds.

The solution is often used in the treatment of various injuries and wounds on the skin to avoid their infection.

The use of drugs also occurs to prevent the development of STDs - such as chlamydia with genital herpes, gonorrhea and syphilis with trichomoniasis.

0.5% preparation is used to eliminate the damage of skin and mucosal surfaces, and in addition, for the decontamination of medical instruments (the tool should have a temperature of 70 ^to C).

1% solution is prescribed to prevent the onset of infection on wound sites and burns, and in addition to disinfection before the procedure of operation and for disinfection of instruments and instruments for which it is forbidden to use heat treatment.

5%, as well as 20% substances are used in the manufacture of solutions based on alcohol, water or glycerin.

[5], [6], [7], [8]

Release form

The release occurs in the form of a medical solution (0.05%) for external use. The volume of a polymer bottle with a special nozzle and a bottle of glass is 100 ml. Inside the pack - 1 such a bottle.

A 20% solution is produced in 100 or 500 ml flacon.

In addition, the drug is produced in the form of a gel (with lidocaine) and suppositories, as well as a spray, ointment and cream.

[9], [10], [11], [12], [13]

Pharmacodynamics

The drug is a dichloride-containing derivative of biguanide substance. It affects the functioning of the organism, changing the functional properties of the cell walls of microbes. The cations formed as a result of dissociation of chlorhexidine salts interact with bacterial shells possessing a negative energy charge. Under the influence of drugs, destruction of the cytoplasmic bacterial wall is carried out - a violation of its equilibrium leads to the death of the microorganism.

0.05% solution of the drug and 20% gluconate have a powerful destructive effect on many strains of microbes. Among them, gonococcus, vaginal trichomonas, bacteroids fraugilis, pale treponema, chlamydia and gardnerella vaginalis. In addition, the drug actively affects Ureaplasma spp. And has a moderate effect on strains of proteins and pseudomonads.

Resistance to Chlorhexidine are fungal spores and viruses (except for herpes).

Skin treatment or hand washing using this solution provides a lasting antibacterial effect. Because of this, the drug is often used to disinfect the operating area and the hands of a surgeon.

Chlorhexidine retains its antimicrobial activity in the presence of pus in the wound, etc., but this still leads to a weakening of its effect.

[14], [15], [16], [17], [18],

Dosing and administration

Use the drug Chlorhexidine on an alcohol and water basis is required locally - to eliminate infections.

In the prevention of the development of STDs, the drug is used as follows. It is necessary to carry out treatment with 0,05% solution in the period of maximum 2 hours after the unprotected sexual intercourse. A man should enter into the urethra 2-3 ml of the drug. A woman should enter 1-2 ml of a solution into the urethra, as well as another 5-10 ml inside the vagina (as gynecological syringing). In addition, it is recommended to perform and surface treatment of the skin around the genitals.

It is also necessary to take into account the fact that after the use of drugs it is necessary to avoid urination for 2 hours, because this will reduce the effectiveness of the drug.

For preventive purposes in such cases, suppositories of Chlorhexidine may also be used.

The scheme of syringing in the treatment of thrush and other gynecological pathologies, as well as other nuances must first be specified by the gynecologist. When syringing, a ready-made 0,05% solution is used (there is no need to dilute it additionally). Before douching should take a horizontal position and squeeze a few drops of medicine inside the vagina, then briefly lie down. If the patient has allergy symptoms, douching should not be performed.

Use of drugs in eliminating inflammation that occurs in the urinary system: it is required to enter into the urethra 2-3 ml of the drug with a concentration of 0.05%. The procedure should be performed 1-2 times / day. This course lasts for 10 days. This method of use is used in both women and men.

To treat wounds or burns and other damage to the skin surface, use a drug with a concentration of 0.02%, 0.05% or 0.5%. The application method is applied or irrigation. Keep the appliqué on the skin for 1-3 minutes. In addition to the solution, a spray with Chlorhexidine may also be used.

If you want to disinfect the skin before performing the operation, 20% chlorhexidine should be used - it is dissolved in ethanol (70%) in a ratio of 1k40. The operating area must be processed twice, with an interval of 2 minutes.

For treatment of ENT diseases (such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis or tonsillitis), a solution in a concentration of 0.2% or 0.5% is needed. The drug in this case is used to rinse the throat.

Before starting rinsing with chlorhexidine, you should thoroughly rinse the mouth with normal warm water. When treating angina, the throat is rinsed in this way: it is necessary to take 1 tablespoon of the drug (about 10-15 ml) and rinse (the procedure lasts about half a minute). You can also re-run this procedure (once). After rinsing it is recommended to give up drinking and eating for about 1 hour. Precise instructions regarding the rinsing process, as well as the frequency of the procedure, are indicated to the patient by the treating doctor, taking into account his individual clinical picture.

It must also be taken into account that if during the rinsing of the oral cavity with the treatment solution the patient feels a burning sensation, it is likely that the concentration level is too high. Do not use a rinse solution having a concentration of more than 0.5%.

After the procedure, remove the teeth 3 times a day. The rinse process lasts 60 seconds.

Do not swallow the solution. If during the rinse a part of the solution accidentally got inside the digestive tract, it is necessary to take activated charcoal (in the amount of 1 tablet / 10 kg of body weight).

You can not also wash your nose on sinusitis. The possibility and necessity of such washing is determined only by the doctor, and this procedure can be performed only by him, because when he takes the medicine into the nose, it can penetrate the inside of the cerebral casing or the cavity of the inner ear, as a result of which the patient can develop serious complications.

[28], [29], [30], [31]

Use of the chlorhexidine Bigluconate during pregnancy

It is allowed to perform local treatment with chlorhexidine while breastfeeding or pregnancy. But, although pregnant women are not forbidden to use the medicine, it is not recommended to use this solution for a long time.

Pregnant women can perform the procedure for rinsing the throat exclusively under the supervision of a doctor.

Contraindications

Among the contraindications:

• the presence of hypersensitivity to the elements of the drug;
• It is forbidden to use people who have dermatitis;
• apply simultaneously with other disinfectants (such as hydrogen peroxide and so on);
• It is not desirable to use for disinfection of the operating area before the procedure of operation in the area of the auditory canal or CNS or after it;
• It is forbidden to apply at carrying out of ophthalmologic procedures. Chlorhexidine can not be washed with eyes - for this use special solutions.

It is necessary to carefully use the medication when treating children.

[19], [20], [21], [22], [23]

Side effects of the chlorhexidine Bigluconate

The use of the drug sometimes leads to the appearance of such side effects:

• dryness of the skin surface;
• itching;
• the appearance of rashes;
• development of dermatitis;
• photophobia.

Prolonged use of medicines for irrigation of the oral cavity and its rinsing can cause frustration of taste buds and the occurrence of tartar. In addition, there is a change in the shade of the teeth.

[24], [25], [26], [27]

Overdose

There were no cases of poisoning with the solution. If the medicine is accidentally swallowed, it is necessary to perform gastric lavage, give the patient activated charcoal, and also carry out symptomatic measures.

[32], [33]

Interactions with other drugs

At pH values exceeding the 8 mark, precipitation is observed. In the case of using hard water during the manufacture of a medicinal solution, weakening of its bactericidal effect is observed.

The drug is incompatible with different anionic compounds (among them, for example, soap).

Also it is impossible to combine with phosphates, borates and carbonates, and besides with citrates, sulfates and chlorides.

The effect of the drug increases the sensitivity of bacteria to the effects of elements such as cephalosporin, neomycin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin.

Ethanol potentiates the bactericidal effect of Chlorhexidine.

[34], [35], [36], [37]

Storage conditions

Chlorhexidine Bigluconate is required to be kept in a place where sunlight and moisture do not penetrate. The temperature level is not more than 25 ° C.

[38], [39], [40]

Shelf life

Chlorhexidine bigluconate at a concentration of 0.05% is allowed to be used for 2 years from the date of release of the drug; in a concentration of 20% - a maximum of 3 years. Shelf life of ready-made solutions is 7 days.

[41], [42]