Cefixime

Cefixime has antibacterial properties.

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Indications Cefixime

It is used for therapy of diseases of infectious and inflammatory nature: among them are bronchitis with tonsillitis, as well as sinusitis, pharyngitis and otitis media. In addition, it is used for infections affecting the urogenital system and having an uncomplicated form, as well as for uncomplicated gonorrhea.

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Release form

The substance is released in suspension, in 26 g bottles. Inside the box there is 1 such bottle, equipped with a measuring device.

Also produced in tablet form, 10 pieces, with a volume of 0.2 or 0.4 g, inside a blister pack. There is 1 such pack in a pack.

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Pharmacodynamics

The drug is an antibiotic from the category of 3rd generation cephalosporins and has a wide range of activity. The drug should be taken orally. The drug inhibits binding in the area of the membranes of the causative bacteria. It is resistant to the influence of β-lactamases, which are produced by a large number of gram-positive and -negative microbes.

Shows activity in relation to:

• gram-positive microorganisms – streptococci agalactiae, pneumococci and pyogenic streptococci;
• Gram-negative bacteria – Salmonella, Providencia, Proteus vulgaris, Shigella, Pasteurella multocida, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Oxytoca. Also on the list are Citrobacter amalonaticus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter diversus, Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae.

Resistance to drugs is demonstrated by clostridia, enterobacteria, pseudomonas, staphylococci, bacteroides fragilis, subgroup D streptococci, and listeria monocytogenes.

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Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, the bioavailability level of the substance is 50% regardless of food intake. However, the active element reaches peak levels in the blood faster when taken with food (by 50 minutes). Plasma synthesis with protein is approximately 65%.

About 50% of a dose is excreted unchanged in urine within 24 hours; about 10% of the substance is excreted in bile. The half-life is approximately 4 hours (the exact figure depends on the dose size).

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Dosing and administration

Mode of use of tablets.

The tablets should be used by people who have reached the age of 12. The daily dosage is 0.4 g, which is taken once a day or divided into 2 equal doses. The duration of the treatment cycle is within 7-10 days. For the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea, a single dose of 0.4 g of the drug is required.

Children under 12 years of age are prescribed the medicine in doses calculated in the ratio of 8 mg/kg (once per day) or 4 mg/kg (at intervals of 12 hours).

For the treatment of infections caused by pyogenic streptococcus, a 10-day therapeutic cycle is required.

Scheme of application of suspension.

To dissolve the powder for the suspension, use plain boiled water (volume approximately 30-35 ml). You need to open the bottle and pour water into it up to half, then close and shake the container. Then open the bottle again and add water up to the specified mark. After that, close the container again and shake. Shaking is necessary before each dose. The medicine should be taken before or after meals.

Persons aged 0.5-12 years should take 4 mg/kg of the drug (use at intervals of 12 hours) or 8 mg/kg (once per day). The duration of therapy is selected taking into account the clinical situation of each person individually. Often such a cycle lasts 3-14 days.

The measuring device is necessary to obtain dosages prescribed for children weighing less than 25 kg (0.1 g/5 ml).

Patients from special groups.

In the presence of problems with renal function (CC level within 20-60 ml/minute) or in people undergoing hemodialysis sessions, the daily portion size should be reduced by a quarter.

If the CC values are below 20 ml/minute or in people undergoing peritoneal dialysis procedures, the daily portion size is reduced by half.

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Use Cefixime during pregnancy

Prescribing Cefixime during pregnancy is permitted only under the supervision of a physician for vital indications.

The use of the medicine during breastfeeding is completely prohibited.

Contraindications

It is contraindicated to use the medicine in case of intolerance to medicinal elements or penicillins with cephalosporins.

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Side effects Cefixime

Taking the medication can provoke the occurrence of various negative manifestations:

• digestive disorders: bloating, nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, dry mouth, vomiting and diarrhea. In addition, there is a transient increase in liver transaminase or alkaline phosphatase levels, hyperbilirubinemia, jaundice, dysbacteriosis with glossitis and stomatitis, as well as candidiasis in the digestive organs and pseudomembranous enterocolitis;
• disorders of hematopoiesis: leuko-, thrombocyto- or neutropenia, as well as hemolytic anemia;
• problems with the functioning of the nervous system: the occurrence of headaches or dizziness;
• urogenital disorders: tubulointerstitial nephritis;
• Allergy symptoms: itching, fever, eosinophilia, urticaria and skin hyperemia.

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Overdose

Signs of poisoning include: potentiation of negative symptoms.

To eliminate the disorders, a gastric lavage procedure, symptomatic measures, oxygen therapy (this includes the use of GCS and antihistamines), and artificial ventilation are required. The drug has no antidote and is practically not excreted during peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis.

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Interactions with other drugs

Drugs that inhibit tubular secretion inhibit the excretion of the drug through the kidneys, which increases its toxic properties.

Cefixime reduces the values of PTI and also activates the medicinal effect of indirect anticoagulants.

Magnesium- or aluminum-containing antacids slow down the absorption of the therapeutic drug.

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Storage conditions

Cefixime should be stored in a dark place, inaccessible to children. The temperature level should not exceed 25°C.

The prepared suspension can be kept at the above temperature for no more than 10 days. It is prohibited to freeze or cool the medicine.

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Shelf life

Cefixime is permitted to be used within 24 months from the date of release of the therapeutic drug.

Application for children

It is prohibited to prescribe the medication to infants under 6 months of age.

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Analogues

Analogues of the drug are Cefoperazone, Ceftazidime with Cefotaxime, and in addition Ceftibuten with Ceftriaxone.

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Reviews

Cefixime receives quite good reviews from people who have been treated with it. They note high medicinal effectiveness, low cost and the presence of medicinal forms that can be given to children. Another advantage is the rarity of the development of signs of allergy or dysbacteriosis.