Cefadroxil

Cefadroxil is an antimicrobial systemic drug that belongs to the category of cephalosporins and other β-lactam antibiotics.

[1], [2]

Indications of the cefadroxil

It is used to eliminate infectious diseases provoked by bacteria that are sensitive to cefadroxil:

• infectious diseases in the lower and upper parts of the respiratory system;
• infections affecting the urogenital system;
• infectious lesions of soft tissues with skin;
• septic form of arthritis;
• osteomyelitis.

[3], [4], [5]

Release form

The release takes place in capsules with a volume of 0.5 g, 6 pieces inside a blister plate. In a pack - 2 blister packs.

[6], [7], [8]

Pharmacodynamics

Cefadroxil is an antibiotic from the category of cephalosporins (1st generation), which must be taken orally. Cephalosporins have the ability to slow down the synthesis of elements contained in the cell walls of microbes.

The drug has a large range of antimicrobial activity. In vitro acts against β-hemolytic streptococci, staphylococci and pneumococci. It also affects coagulase-negative, and at the same time coagulase-positive strains, and in addition strains that produce penicillinase. The effect is also on Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Bacteroides (except Bacteroid fragilis), as well as Moraxella cataralis. Among Gram-positive bacteria, shigella with salmonella and individual strains of hemophilic rod possess sensitivity to LS.

Many strains of enterococci (enterococcus fecal and enterococcus fecium) are resistant to the activity of Cefadroxil.

The drug has no effect on many enterobacter strains, Morgan's bacteria, vulgar proteas, and also pseudomonads and Acinetobacter calcaceticus.

[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16],

Pharmacokinetics

The drug is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. After consuming single portions of 0.5 and 1 g, the average values of cefadroxil within the serum are approximately 16 and 28 μg / ml. Values of drugs that have a therapeutic effect are noted inside the blood serum after 12 hours after use. More than 90% of the drug is excreted unchanged with urine.

The level of antibiotic inside the urine, after consuming drugs at a dose of 1 g, for 20-22 hours demonstrates stably higher than the minimum inhibitory concentration values for sensitive bacteria.

[17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22],

Dosing and administration

The medicine is consumed 1-2 times / day. When determining the treatment scheme, take into account the degree of severity, nature, as well as the form of the course of infectious pathology.

Take capsules should be regardless of eating. It is required to swallow the whole medicine, washing down with plain water.

The sizes of portions that are supposed to adults and teenagers from 12 years old weighing more than 40 kg:

• infections affecting the lower part of the urinary ducts (uncomplicated forms) - taking 1-2 grams of the drug per day (1-2 capsules twice a day, or 2-4 capsules with a single dose per day);
• other infections affecting the lower region of the urinary ducts - taking 2 grams of medicines per day (2 capsules twice a day);
• infections that affect soft tissues and skin surface - take a dose of 1 g of medicine per day (taking 2 capsules once a day or 1 capsule twice a day);
• tonsillitis or pharyngitis - the use of the 1st g of drugs per day (2 capsules once a day or 1 capsule with a double dose);
• infections affecting the lower and upper part of the respiratory system - taking 1 g of drugs per day (with a mild form of pathology) or 1-2 g (with moderate or severe form) (1 capsule twice a day or 1-2 capsules with twice a day);
• arthritis of a purulent nature or osteomyelitis - 2 g of the drug are consumed per day (taking 2 capsules twice a day).

Children older than 6 years of age are required to take 25-50 mg / kg of weight per day (for treatment of purulent arthritis or osteomyelitis - 50 mg / kg of weight), two methods. In the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, or impetigo, taking a daily dose is necessary once.

The sizes of portions for children (taking into account weight parameters):

• within 15-20 kg - on the 1st capsule once per day *;
• in the range of 20-40 kg - 2 capsules once a day * or 1 capsule twice a day.

* exclusively in the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis or impetigo.

Treatment should last at least 48-72 hours after the signs of pathology disappear.

Therapy for infections caused by streptococcus (category A) β-hemolytic type, should last at least 10 days.

If a patient has a severe stage of infection (for example, a disease like osteomyelitis), you may need a long treatment - at least 1-1.5 months.

Serving sizes for people who have problems with kidney function (KC values - up to 50 ml / minute):

• the level of SC within 25-50 ml / minute (plasma creatinine is 14-25 mg / ml) - initial dose: 1 g; supporting - 0,5 g; between use to observe the gap at 12 o'clock;
• CK value within 10-25 ml / min (creatinine level inside the plasma is 25-65 mg / ml) - initial dose: 1 g; supporting - 0,5 g; observe the interval between receptions, which is 24 hours;
• values of CC less than 10 ml / min (plasma level of creatinine is less than 56 mg / ml) - initial dosage: 1 g; supporting - 0,5 g; between use it is necessary to observe a gap of 36 hours.

[27], [28]

Use of the cefadroxil during pregnancy

It is forbidden to use cefadroxil to pregnant and lactating mothers.

Small doses of cefadroxil monohydrate are excreted with the mother's milk, so if therapy is necessary, it is necessary to refuse breastfeeding for this period.

Contraindications

The main contraindications:

• the presence of intolerance against cefadroxil or other cephalosporins, and at the same time with respect to any other elements of the drug;
• a history of allergy in severe form with respect to penicillin or other β-lactams;
• children under 6 years of age.

[23], [24]

Side effects of the cefadroxil

Taking capsules can lead to the appearance of some side-effects:

• infectious or invasive lesions: an increase in the level of opportunistic pathogens (fungi), which can lead to the development of oral candidiasis or vaginal mycosis;
• violations of the function of hematopoiesis and lymph: sometimes develop thrombocyte, leuko-or neutropenia, and in addition eosinophilia or agranulocytosis (after a long reception of drugs). The hemolytic form of anemia, which has an immune nature, is rare;
• immune disorders: sometimes there are manifestations of serum sickness. Single-onset anaphylaxis;
• Symptoms affecting the central nervous system: isolated dizziness, sensation of nervousness or drowsiness, and in addition headaches;
• disorders of the digestive function: the emergence of vomiting, dyspeptic manifestations, diarrhea, nausea, glossitis and abdominal pain, and in addition the development of pseudomembranous form of colitis;
• disorders affecting the hepatobiliary system: sometimes there is a development of cholestasis or liver failure due to idiosyncrasy. In addition, there may be a slight increase in the activity of transaminases (ALT and AST elements), as well as APF;
• subcutaneous tissue and skin lesions: the appearance of rashes, itching or hives. In addition, it sometimes marks Quincke's edema. Occasionally, multiform erythema or Stevens-Johnson syndrome develops;
• disorders in the work of connective tissue and ODA: sometimes arthralgia develops;
• violation of urinary function: sometimes tubulointerstitial nephritis is observed;
• systemic manifestations: sometimes drug fever is noted. The feeling of fatigue develops;
• indications of laboratory tests: single note positive reaction Coombs (direct and indirect).

[25], [26]

Overdose

Signs of poisoning: the appearance of hallucinations and nausea, and in addition the development of extrapyramidal disorders, hyperreflexia, coma and a sense of confusion. In addition, there may be a disorder of kidney activity.

Among the measures of first aid to the victim is the execution of gastric lavage, and besides this, if necessary, hemodialysis procedures. It is also required to monitor the water balance and electrolyte balance indicators and correct them, if necessary. At the same time, kidney function is monitored.

[29], [30]

Interactions with other drugs

It is forbidden to use the medicine together with bacteriostatic-type antibiotics (such as erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfonamides), because this can cause the development of antagonistic manifestations.

The use of cefadroxil in combination with aminoglycosides, colistin, polymiksin type B or large portions of diuretics (affecting the process of reabsorption inside the loop of Henle) is not recommended - due to the fact that a similar combination enhances nephrotoxic effects.

Prolonged use of drugs that slow platelet aggregation, and also anticoagulants, increases the likelihood of complications of hemorrhagic nature. During therapy, it is required to regularly monitor the indices of blood loss.

Cefadroxil can weaken the effect of oral contraception.

When combined with probenecid, a persistent increase in serum and biliary cefadroxil values is possible.

The use of powerful diuretics causes a decrease in the level of cefadroxil monohydrate inside the blood.

The drug is synthesized with cholestyramine, as a result of which its bioavailability may decrease.

[31], [32]

Storage conditions

Cefadroxil is contained in a dark and dry place, closed from small children. The temperature is not higher than 25 ° C.

[33]

Shelf life

Cefadroxil is allowed to be used for 3 years from the date of manufacture of the drug.

[34],