Cefazolin

Cefazolin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial action.

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Indications Cefazolin

It is used to eliminate various types of diseases:

• infections affecting the urinary system and biliary tract;
• infectious lesions of the respiratory system;
• inflammation developing inside the pelvic organs or peritoneum;
• sepsis or peritonitis;
• blood poisoning;
• skin infections resulting from wounds, burns or surgery;
• an inflammatory process affecting the cardiac membrane;
• joint and bone infections;
• venereal pathologies;
• infectious skin diseases;
• mastitis.

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Release form

The drug is released in the form of a soluble powder for intravenous or intramuscular administration. The drug is contained in vials: a package contains 5 vials, which are accompanied by ampoules with a solvent of 5 ml (for doses of 0.5 and 1 g) or 10 ml (for doses of 1 g).

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Pharmacodynamics

The therapeutic effect of the drug is based on blocking biosynthesis processes within the membranes of bacterial cells.

Cefazolin is active against gram-positive (such as staphylococci and streptococci) and gram-negative microbes (including Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, gonococcus, treponema, Proteus mirabilis and Enterobacter aerogenes).

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Pharmacokinetics

The drug is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration, and is therefore used for intramuscular or intravenous injections. When performing an intramuscular injection (at a dose of 0.5 g), peak values of the drug are noted after 1-2 hours. Protein synthesis inside the plasma is about 85%.

The active element of Cefazolin penetrates into bone tissue, as well as into synovium, ascitic and pleural fluid, but is not observed inside the nervous system.

The half-life of the substance is approximately 1.8 hours. The drug is excreted unchanged in urine.

After intramuscular injections, approximately 80% of the administered dose is excreted within 24 hours. If the patient has problems with kidney function, the plasma half-life of the component increases.

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Dosing and administration

When prescribing this drug, the size of its portions and the duration of therapy are determined by the nature of the disease, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient. The size of the daily portion for administration to adults is within 1-6 g. Injections must be administered daily, 2-3 times. The entire course is designed for no more than 7-10 days.

The drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The type of solvent for the drug is determined based on the form of administration. If an intramuscular injection is required, the drug must be diluted in a sodium chloride solution or water. For intravenous injections, only sodium chloride is often used. The solution must be administered slowly; the entire procedure should take about 5 minutes.

If the patient needs to have a drip, the medicine is often dissolved with glucose. Sodium chloride is used extremely rarely in this case.

To eliminate inflammation that has formed inside the cardiac membrane, in the joints, bones and peritoneum, and also in case of blood poisoning or purulent pleurisy, it is necessary to administer 1 g of the drug three times a day every day. If treatment of renal dysfunction is necessary, the dose of the drug is reduced by half.

It is prohibited to mix the medicine with other antibiotics in the same syringe.

In addition to sodium chloride or water, the drug is sometimes diluted with novocaine. This local anesthetic helps reduce pain during injection. Doctors have been using this drug for a long time, so the scheme for diluting Cefazolin with novocaine is considered long-established. Novocaine should have a concentration of 0.25%. The dilution procedure using novocaine does not require any additional manipulations - you only need to add 2-3 ml of the substance to the antibiotic, then shake the resulting mixture well. The finished solution is suitable for single use.

There are also separate indications that allow the use of the drug in veterinary practice, replacing tablets with it. In this case, it is necessary to dilute the drug in novocaine or lidocaine. The dose for a cat depends on its weight and is calculated according to the scheme of 10 mg / kg. Treatment in this case continues for 5-10 days. Before using the drug, you should consult a veterinarian.

Cefazolin Akos is often used as an analogue of the drug. It is also administered intramuscularly or intravenously (drip or jet). On average, adults are allowed to administer 1 g of the drug per day. The procedure is performed twice a day. The maximum permissible daily dosage of the drug is 6 g. If necessary, the frequency of use of the solution can be increased to 3-4 procedures per day. On average, treatment lasts about 7-10 days.

Children are allowed to administer 25-30 mg/kg on average. In severe forms of infections, the dosage is 100 mg/kg.

Dose adjustments are required if there are problems with kidney function.

For intramuscular procedures, a 0.5 g portion of the antibiotic is dissolved in 2 ml of plain water, and a dosage of 1 g must be diluted in 2.5 ml of plain water. For intravenous injections, the drug should be mixed with water (volume 5 ml), after which it should be administered over 3-5 minutes.

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Use Cefazolin during pregnancy

Cefazolin used during pregnancy has virtually no negative impact on the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. But in any case, it is allowed to use it only under the supervision of a doctor. The use of drugs by pregnant and nursing mothers without supervision by a doctor can be dangerous.

Contraindications

Contraindications include: hypersensitivity to the drug, as well as use in infants under 1 month of age.

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Side effects Cefazolin

The use of the drug may lead to the appearance of certain side effects:

• digestive disorders: vomiting, diarrhea or nausea;
• chemotherapeutic effect: development of pseudomembranous colitis or candidiasis;
• manifestations of allergy: development of fever, eosinophilia, and also urticaria or itching;
• local symptoms: sensation of pain at the site of intramuscular injection.

Occasionally, transient increases in liver transaminase activity, arthralgia, anaphylaxis, Quincke's edema, thrombocyto-, leuko- (reversible) or neutropenia, as well as impaired renal function are observed.

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Overdose

The use of large doses of drugs can lead to headaches, paresthesia, and dizziness. In people with chronic renal failure, neurotoxic symptoms may occur. At the same time, the development of tachycardia and the occurrence of vomiting or convulsions is noted.

If a person shows signs of poisoning and overdose, it is necessary to use a hemodialysis procedure to speed up the excretion of the drug.

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Interactions with other drugs

Combining the drug with rifampicin, aminoglycosides, and vancomycin leads to synergism of the antimicrobial effect. In addition, aminoglycosides increase the risk of developing renal pathology. Therefore, Cefazolin is prohibited to be combined with these drugs.

It is not recommended to combine the drug with diuretics and anticoagulants.

Combination with drugs that slow down tubular secretion increases the levels of the active element of the drug in the blood, and at the same time increases the risk of developing toxic effects and slows down the excretion period.

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Storage conditions

Cefazolin should be stored in a dark, moisture-proof place. Temperature values should not exceed 5°C.

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Shelf life

Cefazolin can be used for 2 years from the date of manufacture of the drug. Cefazolin-bhfz has a shelf life of 4 years, and Cefazolin-darnitsa - 3 years.

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Reviews

Cefazolin receives mostly positive reviews. It is highly effective in treating various diseases and disorders. Its only drawback is considered to be the rather strong pain of the injections, which is why it is very important to choose the right solvent. Some parents, along with the introduction of Cefazolin to their children, also give them Linex - to prevent intestinal disorders.