Cefazolin

Cefazolin is a semisynthetic antibiotic with a wide range of antimicrobial effects.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Indications of the cefazolin

It is used to eliminate various types of diseases:

• infections that affect the urinary system and GWP;
• infectious diseases of the respiratory system;
• inflammations that develop within the pelvic organs or peritoneum;
• sepsis or peritonitis;
• blood poisoning;
• infections on the skin, arising from wounds, burns or surgical operations;
• inflammation affecting the heart;
• joint and bone infections;
• venereal pathologies;
• skin diseases of an infectious nature;
• mastitis.

[7], [8], [9], [10]

Release form

Release of the medication is carried out in the form of a soluble powder for intravenous or intravenous administration. The medicine is contained in the vials: in the package are 5 vials, to which are attached ampoules with a solvent for 5 ml (at doses of 0.5 and 1 g) or 10 ml (at doses of 1 g).

[11], [12], [13], [14],

Pharmacodynamics

The therapeutic effect of the drug is based on blocking the processes of biosynthesis inside the membranes of bacterial cells.

Cefazolin has activity against Gram-positive (such as staphylococci with streptococci), and in addition Gram-negative microbes (among them E. Coli, hemophilic rod, Klebsiella, gonococcus, treponema, proteus mirabilis and enterobacter aerogenes).

[15], [16], [17], [18], [19]

Pharmacokinetics

The drug is not easily absorbed from the digestive tract after oral administration, and therefore it is used for in / m or / in injections. When the injection in / m method (in a dose of 0.5 g) peak values of drugs are observed after 1-2 hours. Protein synthesis inside the plasma is about 85%.

The active element of Cefazolin passes inside the bone tissues, and besides inside synovia, ascites and pleural fluid, but it is not noted inside the NS.

The half-life of the substance is approximately 1.8 hours. Excretion of drugs occurs in unchanged form with urine.

After a / m injections, approximately 80% of the administered portion is excreted after 24 hours. If a patient has a problem with kidney function, the plasma half-life of the component increases.

[20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27],

Dosing and administration

In the appointment of this drug, the size of its portions and the duration of therapy are determined by the nature of the disease, as well as the individual characteristics of the patient. The size of the daily portion for adult administration is within 1-6 g. It is necessary to inject every day, 2-3 times. The whole course is designed for no more than 7-10 days.

The drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Taking into account the form of administration, the type of solvent of the drug is also determined. If an injection is required, the drug should be diluted in a solution of sodium chloride or water. With iv injection, sodium chloride is often used. To enter a solution it is necessary slowly, the whole procedure should take about 5 minutes.

If the patient needs to put a dropper, then the drug is often dissolved with glucose. Sodium chloride is rarely used in this case.

To eliminate the inflammation that is formed inside the cardiac membrane, in the joints, bones and peritoneum, and in addition, when blood is contaminated or purulent form of pleurisy is required to administer 1 gm of the drug three times a day every day. If treatment of renal dysfunction is required, the dose of drugs is reduced by half.

It is forbidden to mix the drug with other antibiotics inside a single syringe.

In addition to sodium chloride or water, the drug is sometimes diluted with novocaine. This local anesthetic can reduce pain during injection. Doctors have long been using this drug, so the scheme of breeding cefazolin with novocaine is considered long established. Novocain should have a concentration of 0.25%. The procedure for breeding using novocaine does not require any additional manipulation - it is only necessary to add 2-3 ml of the substance to the antibiotic, then shake the resulting mixture well. The ready-made solution is suitable for single use.

There are also individual indications that allow the use of medication in veterinary practice, replacing them with tablets. It is necessary to dilute the drug in novocaine or lidocaine. The size of the dose for a cat depends on its weight and is calculated according to the scheme of 10 mg / kg. Treatment in this case continues for 5-10 days. Before using the drug, consult a veterinarian.

As an analogue of the drug, Cefazolin Acos is often used. It is also injected in / m or iv / method (drip or jet). On average, adults are allowed to inject drugs at a rate of 1 g per day. The procedure is carried out twice a day. The maximum allowable daily dosage limit of the drug is 6 g. If there is such a need, you can increase the frequency of use of the solution to 3-4 procedures per day. On average, the treatment lasts about 7-10 days.

Children are allowed to inject 25-30 mg / kg on average. In severe forms of infection, the dosage is 100 mg / kg.

It is necessary to adjust the size of doses in the presence of problems in the work of the kidneys.

With the / m procedures, a portion of the antibiotic in the amount of 0.5 g is dissolved in 2 ml of plain water, and a dosage of 1 g should be diluted in 2.5 ml of normal water. For IV injections, the preparation should be mixed with water (5 ml volume), then injected for 3-5 minutes.

[31], [32]

Use of the cefazolin during pregnancy

Used in pregnancy Cefazolin practically does not adversely affect the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. But in any case, it is allowed to use it exclusively under the supervision of a physician. Use of medicines by pregnant and lactating mothers without control by a doctor can be dangerous.

Contraindications

Among the contraindications: the presence of hypersensitivity to the drug, as well as use in infants younger than 1 month.

[28], [29]

Side effects of the cefazolin

The use of the drug may lead to the appearance of certain side-effects:

• disorders of the digestive function: the appearance of vomiting, diarrhea or nausea;
• chemotherapeutic effect: development of pseudomembranous form of colitis or candidiasis;
• manifestations of allergy: the development of a fever, eosinophilia, and in addition hives or itching;
• local symptoms: a sensation of pain in the site of the / m introduction.

Occasionally there is a transient increase in hepatic transaminase activity, arthralgia, anaphylaxis, Quincke edema, thrombocyto-, leuko- (reversible) or neutropenia, as well as impaired renal activity.

[30]

Overdose

The use of large dosages of drugs can lead to headaches, paresthesias, and dizziness. People with a chronic stage of kidney failure may experience neurotoxic symptoms. However, there is a development of tachycardia and the emergence of vomiting or convulsions.

If a person has signs of poisoning and overdose, it is required to use the procedure of hemodialysis to speed up the excretion of the drug.

[33], [34], [35], [36]

Interactions with other drugs

Combination of the drug with rifampicin, aminoglycosides, as well as vancomycin leads to synergism of the antimicrobial effect. In addition, aminoglycosides increase the risk of developing kidney pathology. Therefore, cefazolin is not allowed to combine with these drugs.

It is not recommended to combine the drug with diuretics and anticoagulants.

The combination with drugs slowing the secretion of the tubules increases the performance of the active element of the drug inside the blood, and at the same time increases the risk of toxic effects and slows the excretion period.

[37], [38], [39]

Storage conditions

Cefazolin should be stored in a dark, protected from moisture penetration. Temperature values are not higher than 5 ° С.

[40], [41], [42]

Shelf life

Cefazolin can be used for 2 years from the date of manufacture of the medication. Cefazolin-bhfz has a shelf life of 4 years, and Cefazolin-darnitsa - 3 years.

[43], [44],

Reviews

Cefazolin receives mostly positive reviews. It is highly effective in the treatment of various diseases and disorders. Its only drawback is the rather severe soreness of the injections, which makes it very important to choose the right solvent. Some parents together with the introduction of Cefazolin to children give them also Lineks - to prevent intestinal disturbances.