Cavinton forte

Cavinton forte in international medical terminology is Vinpocetin. It is a medicine, the main characteristic of which is considered to be the effect on the nervous system.

According to the ATC code, the drug belongs to the group of drugs - psychostimulants that affect human cognitive functions. Being a nootropic, the drug is used for mental disorders, memory and attention impairment, as well as hyperactivity.

At the same time, the drug improves blood circulation in the brain tissue, which contributes to its normal functioning. Thanks to the restoration of full blood supply to all parts of the brain, an improvement in the general condition is observed (dizziness and headaches are reduced) and activation of the brain structures responsible for cognitive functions occurs.

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Indications Cavinton forte

The drug is widely used in neurology, cardiology, neurosurgery and other areas of medicine. In neurology, Cavinton forte is used for the treatment of cerebrovascular pathology.

The drug is effective in restoring local (cerebral) blood circulation, the disruption of which is caused by changes in the blood supply to individual areas of the brain (stroke).

Indications for the use of Cavinton forte also include vertebrobasilar insufficiency, vascular dementia, atherosclerotic lesions of cerebral vessels, encephalopathy due to hypertension or injuries.

In addition, Cavinton forte promotes regression of mental and neurological symptoms in vascular pathology of the brain.

In ophthalmology, indications for the use of Cavinton forte are vascular blood supply disorders in the retina and choroid.

For the treatment of age-related perceptual hearing loss, the drug is used to restore local blood circulation. In addition, the drug reduces the intensity of Meniere's disease and eliminates tinnitus.

Release form

The dosage form of Cavinton forte is presented in tablet form. Its leading physical and chemical properties are white color, sometimes with a beige tint, flat round shape. The diameter of the tablet is 0.8 cm, on its surface there is an inscription "10 mg" on one side, and on the other there is a dividing line.

Cavinton forte has a dosage of 10 mg. The composition of the drug includes the main active ingredient - vinpocetine. In addition, it is worth highlighting additional components in the form of talc, magnesium stearate, magnesium monohydrate and several other components.

The tablet form of release allows for strict control of the dosage of the drug - 10 mg to avoid overdose. Each package contains 2 or 6 blisters. The outer packaging is made of cardboard of various sizes depending on the number of tablets. One blister contains 15 tablets.

This form of release is designed to treat serious pathology, when a dosage of 5 mg is not effective. For this, it is recommended to use tablets of 10 mg, so as not to take 2 tablets of 5 mg.

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Pharmacodynamics

The main active ingredient of Cavinton Forte provides a complex mechanism of action - it affects the metabolic processes of the brain and activates local blood circulation, improving the rheological characteristics of the blood.

Pharmacodynamics Cavinton forte provides protection of nerve cells and fibers, weakening the negative impact of cytotoxic reactions caused by stimulating amino acids. The drug inhibits potential-dependent channels for sodium and calcium ions, as well as some receptors. In addition, the drug enhances the protective effect of adenosine neurons.

Vinpocetine activates metabolism in brain tissue by increasing the uptake of glucose and oxygen and delivering them to brain cells. The drug increases the brain's resistance to oxygen deficiency, activates glucose circulation, which is especially important for the brain from the energy side, and also affects metabolism with a predominance of the aerobic pathway.

In addition, the drug increases the amount of ATP, stimulates the transport of norepinephrine and serotonin in brain tissue, activates the ascending pathways of the norepinephrine system, resulting in a cerebroprotective effect.

Pharmacodynamics Cavinton forte causes increased microcirculation by inhibiting the process of platelet aggregation, reducing blood viscosity, increasing the ability of red blood cells to change their shape and blocking the capture of adenosine. In addition, improved oxygen circulation in brain tissues is noted.

Cavinton forte selectively activates blood circulation in the brain by increasing the output of cerebral volume by the heart, reducing resistance in the vessels of the brain, without having a significant effect on the parameters of systemic circulation (pulse, pressure, systolic output, vascular resistance).

Activation of cerebral circulation is carried out without "stealing" blood from other organs. In addition, stimulation of blood circulation is observed precisely in areas with insufficient oxygen and nutrient supply.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration of the drug, the absorption process begins, during which the concentration of the main active component in the blood increases. The maximum level is reached after 1 hour. The leading areas of the gastrointestinal tract, where intensive absorption of vinpocetine is noted, are considered to be the proximal sections. During the penetration of the drug through the intestinal wall, there are no metabolic processes involving the drug.

Pharmacokinetics Cavinton forte provides maximum accumulation of vinpocetine in the digestive system, in particular, in the liver. This process occurs within 2-4 hours after taking the medicine orally. In addition, the amount of vinpocetine in brain tissue is lower than the concentration in the blood.

Protein binding is 66%, and absolute bioavailability is 7%. The distribution volume shows that vinpocetine has a pronounced tissue tropism. The process of drug elimination is carried out by 40% through the intestines and 60% through the kidneys.

The half-life is approximately 3.5-6 hours depending on the dosage taken. Almost 100% of the drug is metabolized, resulting in only 3-5% of the drug being excreted unchanged.

The pharmacokinetics of Cavinton forte is due to the formation of apovincaminic acid from vinpocetine, which is its metabolite. Although some others are distinguished - hydroxyvinpocetine, hydroxy-AVK, as well as their compounds with sulfates and glucuronides.

A particularly important advantage of Cavinton Forte is the lack of need for individual dosage selection for people suffering from liver and kidney pathology.

Since the drug is intended to a greater extent for use in old age, it is necessary to determine the differences in metabolism and excretion with a younger age group of people. After the study, it was concluded that the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the drug do not change depending on age and concomitant pathology.

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Dosing and administration

Depending on the severity of the pathological process, the presence of concomitant pathology and the age of the patient, the method of administration and dosage should be selected individually.

The drug is prescribed in most cases 1 tablet several times a day. However, it is worth noting that the dosage of the tablets may be different. Thus, Cavinton forte has 10 mg of vinpocetine, and the "regular" Cavinton - only 5 mg of the main active ingredient.

Given the severity of the pathology and the purpose of the drug taken, you need to take 5 mg or 10 mg of vinpocetine three times a day. A feature of the drug is the need to use it after meals, washing it down with a small amount of water.

In addition, the method of administration and dosage do not require adjustment in the elderly, as well as in the presence of liver or kidney dysfunction. The duration of taking the drug is determined individually - from several weeks to months.

Cavinton forte can be used as monotherapy, but in most cases a comprehensive approach is required. In this regard, Cavinton forte is recommended to be used with other drugs to restore blood circulation in the brain and normalize cognitive functions.

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Use Cavinton forte during pregnancy

There are some contraindications to the use of the drug. The main one is the use of Cavinton forte during pregnancy. During this period, it is necessary to strictly control the intake of drugs to avoid the development of adverse reactions from the pregnant woman and the fetus, which can threaten their health and life.

The studies have led to the conclusion that vinpocetine can penetrate the placenta and circulate in the fetal blood. Of course, the concentration of the main active ingredient in the placenta and the fetal bloodstream is lower than in the pregnant woman, but the risk of developing undesirable consequences is very high.

Despite the fact that no teratogenic or toxic effects on the fetus were noted, the use of Cavinton forte during pregnancy is still prohibited. This is due to the results of animal studies, when vinpocetine was used in high doses.

As a result, placental bleeding developed, followed by abortion. The main assumption of this condition is the increase in placental blood circulation, which provokes bleeding.

In addition, it should be taken into account that Cavinton Forte should not be used during lactation. Studies have shown that the concentration of vinpocetine in breast milk was 10 times higher than its amount in the woman's blood.

The amount of the medicine that comes with breast milk per hour is a quarter of the entire dose taken. In this regard, the use of Cavinton forte during breastfeeding is contraindicated in order to avoid negative effects on the body.

Contraindications

Medicines may not always have a therapeutic effect. Sometimes side effects may occur after taking the drug. In some cases, a deterioration in the condition is observed when using the drug in the presence of contraindications.

Thus, contraindications to the use of Cavinton forte include the acute period of hemorrhagic stroke, severe stage of ischemic heart disease, severe disturbances of the rhythm and conduction of nerve impulses in the myocardium.

In addition, the drug is not allowed to be used by pregnant women to avoid negative consequences in the form of bleeding and abortion, and it is also not recommended to take Cavinton Forte during the period of natural breastfeeding of the baby.

Contraindications to the use of Cavinton Forte also do not allow its use in childhood, when children have not yet reached the age of 18.

It is not advisable to use the drug if you have an individual intolerance to vinpocetine or additional components that are part of the drug. If a person has increased sensitivity to the drug, then the risk of side effects increases.

Cavinton forte should be taken with caution with drugs that can increase the QT interval on an electrocardiogram when examining the heart. In addition, it should be taken into account that the drug contains 83 mg of lactose monohydrate, so in case of lactose intolerance, it is necessary to be extremely careful.

Side effects Cavinton forte

In most cases, the drug is quite well tolerated by a person, but it is still necessary to familiarize yourself with the possible side effects that may occur if the dosage is not followed or due to individual characteristics of the body.

Side effects of Cavinton forte are represented by various clinical symptoms that can manifest themselves in any system of the body.

After prolonged use of the drug, the blood picture may change, in particular, the number of leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes decreases, and the latter may also stick together.

The immune system may react to the use of Cavinton forte in the form of hypersensitivity. From the metabolic side, it is possible to increase cholesterol, decrease appetite and develop diabetes.

Side effects of Cavinton forte on the nervous system include headaches, insomnia, dizziness, euphoria, depression, tremors, convulsions, amnesia and changes in skin sensitivity.

In addition, redness of the conjunctiva of the eyes, swelling of the papilla of the optic nerve, hearing loss and the appearance of noise in the ears are possible. From the side of the heart, an increase in pressure and insufficient blood supply to the myocardium with the development of ischemia and infarction are observed.

The digestive system may react to taking Cavinton Forte with discomfort in the abdomen, dry mouth, intestinal dysfunction, vomiting and stomatitis.

In some cases, erythema, itching, rash, dermatitis and hyperhidrosis may appear on the skin. Common symptoms include weakness, chest discomfort and a feeling of heat.

In addition, during laboratory and instrumental studies, some deviations from the norm are possible, in the form of an increase in the level of triglycerides, a change in the quantitative composition of eosinophils, an increase in the activity of liver enzymes and ST depression on the ECG.

Overdose

Since each Cavinton Forte tablet has a strictly measured dosage, then if the recommendations for the number of tablets taken are followed, an overdose is practically excluded.

In some cases, it is necessary to take 1 tablet three times a day for a long period of time. If you recalculate it for the main active ingredient - vinpocetine, you get 60 mg, which is the maximum daily dosage for the tablet drug. In this case, too, no overdose was observed.

In addition, with a single dose of 360 mg of vinpocetine, no clinical symptoms of overdose appeared in the heart, blood vessels or digestive system.

If any discomfort is observed after taking the medicine in a large dose, it is recommended to consult a doctor. Depending on the person's condition, gastric lavage is required if the drug was taken recently to prevent further entry of vinpocetine into the bloodstream.

In addition, it is necessary to monitor the work of the heart, pulse and blood pressure. If possible, detoxification therapy should be carried out to reduce the concentration of vinpocetine in the bloodstream and accelerate its elimination by "forced" diuresis.

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Interactions with other drugs

Thanks to the conducted studies, it was established that Cavinton forte is well tolerated with other medications, without enhancing or inhibiting their activity.

The interaction of Cavinton forte with other drugs, for example, antihypertensive group – beta-blockers, is absolutely safe. This was tested with the simultaneous use of Cavinton forte with cloranol and pindolol.

In addition, the combined use of this drug with clopamide, cardiac glycosides (digoxin), hypoglycemic drugs (glibenclamide), acenocoumarol or diuretics (hydrochlorothiazide) did not result in the appearance of adverse clinical effects.

Particular attention should be paid to monitoring blood pressure when there is an interaction of Cavinton forte with other drugs, such as alpha-methyldopa, as a result of which some additional therapeutic effect of the latter is noted.

Although vinpocetine is used quite well with other drugs, it is still recommended to be extremely careful when using it simultaneously with drugs that can affect the nervous system, antiarrhythmic drugs and anticoagulants.

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Storage conditions

The manufacturer of each medicine specifies certain conditions for storing the drug to avoid losing its medicinal properties. Storage conditions for Cavinton forte include maintaining temperature, humidity and lighting conditions.

Thus, the maximum temperature should not exceed 30 degrees, and direct sunlight should be completely absent. When the sun hits the packaging or blister with the drug over a long period of time, a change in the structure of the main active component is observed. As a result, the drug changes its pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties.

Storage conditions for Cavinton forte necessarily imply the location of the drug away from children so that they do not have access to it. If the drug gets to children, they can take it orally, which will cause poisoning, adverse reactions or overdose. In any of the listed cases, Cavinton forte threatens the health and life of children.

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Shelf life

Taking into account the storage conditions of the drug, it is necessary to remember that each drug has its own expiration date, after which the medication cannot be used.

Cavinton forte has a 5-year shelf life, during which it has all the medicinal properties declared by the manufacturer. However, it is worth noting that the drug may deteriorate before the specified date of the last dose if the integrity of the outer packaging and blister is damaged as a result of exposure to direct sunlight, water or other negative factors for the drug.

The expiration date is a period of time indicating the date of manufacture of the drug and the date of last use. During this period, in the absence of contraindications, the drug is approved for use.