Capicor

Kapicor is a complex drug with a cardiological effect.

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Indications Capicora

It is used in combination treatment in the following cases:

• IHD (for example, ischemic cardiomyopathy, angina pectoris, post-infarction cardiosclerosis and myocardial infarction);
• CHF;
• cardiomyopathy of a menopausal nature;
• disorders of blood circulation processes inside the brain in the acute or chronic stage ( cerebral stroke, cerebrovascular insufficiency and cerebrovascular encephalopathy);
• NCD;
• disruption of vegetative-vascular activity.

Release form

The substance is released in capsules, in the amount of 10 pieces inside a blister pack. The box contains 2 or 6 such packages.

Pharmacodynamics

Kapicor is a combination drug, the medicinal activity of which is provided by a combination of two active ingredients: meldonium dihydrate and γ-butyrobetaine dihydrate.

This combination promotes the development of a rapid and strong cerebro- and cardioprotective effect, which ensures that the rate of development of the drug effect is independent of the degree of exhaustion of the body during ischemia or stressful conditions of various origins (this includes oxidative genesis).

γ-Butyrobetaine dihydrate potentiates the activity of the drug by influencing the stimulation of NO biosynthesis processes, and also prevents the development of the toxic effect of free radicals on cells. At the same time, this element stabilizes the process of oxidative homeostasis inside cells and has a positive effect on the activity of the endothelium.

Meldonium dihydrate slows down the movement of long-chain fatty acids, as well as their metabolic products, into the mitochondria (by reducing the biosynthesis of carnitine), due to which the aerobic metabolic pathway is maintained even during tissue hypoxia.

The drug prevents the depletion of cellular reserves of creatine phosphate and ATP, as well as the accumulation of lactic acid, the development of acidosis inside cells, the disorder of enzymatic processes and the disruption of ion channels. In addition, the drug has a certain effect on increasing the indicators of γ-butyrobetaine dihydrate inside the body.

All these combined mechanisms help to establish optimal parameters of γ-butyrobetaine dihydrate, due to which NO-dependent reactions become more pronounced and rapid (among them antiplatelet, antioxidant, vasodilating, anticoagulant and other effects). The drug also helps to regulate the processes of proliferation and apoptosis, and at the same time maintains vascular homeostasis, etc.

The medication has an immunomodulatory, cardio- and cerebroprotective, and anti-ischemic effect.

In case of cardiac insufficiency, the medicine improves myocardial contractility and increases tolerance to physical exertion. In people with stable angina of the 2nd and 3rd functional types, Kapicor reduces the number of heart attacks, promotes the development of moderate antihypertensive effects, and stabilizes heart rate.

In case of damage to the cerebral vessels, the drug improves the functioning of cerebral hemodynamics, stabilizes metabolic processes inside nerve cells, and at the same time optimizes the amount of oxygen consumed by brain tissue, which allows for improved physical, mental and cognitive activity, stabilizes the psycho-emotional background and reduces the feeling of fatigue.

Pharmacokinetics

The drug is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract at high speed. Bioavailability rates reach 78%. Peak plasma values are recorded 1-2 hours after administration.

During the exchange processes, 2 main metabolic products are formed, which are excreted through the kidneys. The half-life of the medicinal element is about 3-6 hours.

Dosing and administration

Kapicor can be used without reference to food intake. In case of combined treatment – 2 capsules of the drug 1-3 times a day. The entire treatment course lasts within 2-6 weeks. It is allowed to consume no more than 6 capsules per day.

Repeated treatment cycles are allowed after consultation with a doctor (often no more than 2-3 such courses are allowed per year).

Since the medication can have a stimulating effect, its last dose should be taken at least 3-4 hours before bedtime.

Use Capicora during pregnancy

There is no information on whether Kapicor is safe to use during pregnancy. To avoid possible negative effects on the fetus, it is recommended to refrain from using it during this period.

There is also no data on whether the drug is excreted in breast milk. If the drug needs to be used during lactation, breastfeeding should be discontinued during the period of therapy.

Contraindications

Main contraindications:

• the presence of severe sensitivity to the drug and its components;
• increase in intracranial pressure (with the development of neoplasms inside the skull or a disorder of venous outflow);
• severe problems with kidney or liver function;
• liver or kidney failure.

Side effects Capicora

The use of the medication may provoke the development of various side effects:

• immune disorders: allergy symptoms often develop. Occasionally, manifestations of intolerance are observed, including urticaria, anaphylaxis, allergic dermatitis and Quincke's edema;
• mental disorders: occasionally a feeling of excitement or fear appears, sleep disorders and obsessive thoughts arise;
• lesions affecting the functioning of the nervous system: headaches often develop. Rarely, tremor, tinnitus, dizziness, paresthesia with vertigo and hypoesthesia occur, and in addition, a pre-syncope condition with subsequent fainting and gait disorder;
• problems with cardiac activity: occasionally the heartbeat rhythm changes, tachycardia (sometimes sinus), atrial fibrillation, palpitations, as well as pain and discomfort in the sternum are observed;
• disorders of circulatory processes: occasionally, pallor of the skin, hyperemia, increase/decrease in blood pressure values and hypertensive crisis are observed;
• respiratory, mediastinal and sternum dysfunctions: respiratory tract infections often develop. Cough, sore throat, apnea or dyspnea occasionally occur;
• symptoms affecting the gastrointestinal tract: dyspepsia often occurs. Nausea, dysgeusia, bloating, abdominal pain, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, hypersalivation or dry mouth are occasionally observed;
• lesions of the subcutaneous layers and epidermis: occasionally rashes, itching, and also systemic rash of a macular-papular nature appear;
• disorders in the functioning of the musculoskeletal system: occasionally, weakness or spasms in the muscles appear, as well as pain in the back;
• urinary and renal dysfunction: pollakiuria occasionally occurs;
• systemic lesions: occasionally there are chills, swelling in the legs or face, a feeling of general weakness, cold sweat, asthenia and a feeling of cold or heat;
• Laboratory test results: dyslipidemia or elevated C-reactive protein levels are common. Rarely, eosinophilia, increased heart rate, or abnormal ECG values occur.

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Overdose

The drug has a low toxicity level, so it does not cause life-threatening adverse reactions. There is also no information on cases of meldonium poisoning.

Signs of an overdose include: increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure (developing in the form of dizziness and headaches), and CNS excitation.

Symptomatic procedures are performed to eliminate these signs. In case of severe intoxication, it is necessary to monitor the functioning of the liver and kidneys.

Since meldonium has high rates of synthesis with blood protein, hemodialysis in case of an overdose of this substance will not be able to provide a significant result.

Interactions with other drugs

Kapicor can be combined with nitrates that have a prolonged type of effect, and also with other antianginal drugs (stable form of angina pectoris), CG and diuretics (heart failure). In addition, it can be used together with antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, as well as antiarrhythmic drugs and other drugs that improve the microcirculation process.

The medication is capable of potentiating the effectiveness of drugs that contain nifedipine or glyceryl trinitrate, as well as β-blockers, peripheral vasodilators and other antihypertensive drugs.

When meldonium was combined with iron medications, people with iron deficiency anemia experienced an improvement in the structure of acids inside red blood cells.

The combination of meldonium with vitamin B13 for the treatment of damage caused by reperfusion or ischemia leads to the development of additional therapeutic effects.

Meldonium helps eliminate pathological changes in cardiac function that develop under the influence of the AZT component, and in addition, it indirectly affects the processes of oxidative stress due to the same AZT, which results in dysfunction of the metafondria. Combining meldonium and azidothymidine or other drugs for AIDS therapy leads to the development of a positive effect in the treatment of this disease.

During tests of loss of balance reflex in connection with the use of ethyl alcohol, meldonium reduced the duration of sleep.

In convulsions provoked by pentylenetetrazol, a powerful anticonvulsant effect of meldonium develops. At the same time, when using yohimbine α2-adrenoreceptors in a dose of 2 mg/kg before treatment with meldonium, as well as an agent that inhibits NO synthase (NOS) N-(G)-nitro-L-arginine in a dose of 10 mg/kg, the anticonvulsant effect of meldonium is completely blocked.

Meldonium intoxication may potentiate the cardiotoxic properties that develop when using cyclophosphamide.

Carnitine deficiency, which occurs when using meldonium, can lead to an increase in the cardiotoxic effect caused by ifosfamide.

In the case of cardiotoxic effects that occur with the use of indinavir, as well as neurotoxic effects caused by the activity of efavirenz, meldonium promotes the development of a protective effect.

It is prohibited to combine the drug with other products that contain meldonium, because this increases the likelihood of developing negative symptoms.

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Storage conditions

Kapikor should be kept in a dark and dry place, out of reach of children. Temperature values are no more than 25°C.

Shelf life

Kapicor can be used within 36 months from the date of release of the drug.

Application for children

It is prohibited to prescribe the drug in pediatrics.

Analogues

Analogues of the drug are Ranexa, Riboxin and Preductal, as well as Duralan, Validol with glucose, Mildronate, Hawthorn tincture and Carmetadine with Magnetot.