Canavit

Kanavit is a member of the vitamin K group and other hemostatics. The active element is phytomenadione.

Indications Canavita

It is used to eliminate and prevent the development of bleeding that occurs due to reduced blood clotting, which occurs due to hypovitaminosis or vitamin deficiency type K1.

It is also used for therapy of hemorrhagic complications, as well as hypocoagulation that occurs after prolonged obstruction in the bile ducts, and in the early stages of liver cirrhosis.

The medicine is prescribed for intestinal diseases caused by absorption disorders after prolonged use of sulfonamides, antibiotics, and salicylates. In addition, it is used to eliminate uterine bleeding and hemorrhagic symptoms developing in newborns.

In surgical practice – during prolonged bile drainage, and also during preparation for operations of patients with reduced blood clotting.

Release form

The drug is released as an injection liquid, in glass ampoules with a capacity of 1 ml. Inside the blister plate there are 5 ampoules; in the box there is 1 such plate.

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Pharmacodynamics

Vitamin K1 affects the process of biosynthesis of such factors as II (prothrombin element), VII (proconvertin element), IX (Christmas), and X (Stewart).

Pharmacokinetics

After an injection of vitamin K1, it is completely absorbed. The concentration of the substance occurs inside the liver, where it does not accumulate, and its levels decrease quite quickly. Only a small amount of the element accumulates inside the tissues, then slowly disintegrates.

Phytomenadione undergoes metabolism quite rapidly, after which polar breakdown products are formed, which are excreted in the urine, as well as in the bile (after the conjugation process as glucuronides).

Dosing and administration

If bleeding occurs after treatment with indirect anticoagulants: for adults (in case of severe impairment), 10-20 mg of the drug (1-2 ampoules) is required, which is dissolved in injection water or 5% glucose solution (5-10 ml of liquid), and then slowly administered intravenously. If the bleeding cannot be stopped, then after 3-4 hours the procedure can be repeated. In emergency situations, fresh blood must be infused into the victim.

In milder forms of the disorder, phytomenadione drops are taken orally, or the medicine is administered intramuscularly in a 10 mg dose.

It is important to remember that vitamin K1 has a long-term effect, especially when used in large doses and when stopping anticoagulant treatment, when it can reach its maximum levels in 24 hours. This can lead to an undesirable increase in blood clotting, which puts the patient at risk of developing thromboembolic complications.

In this regard, it is necessary to carry out treatment with caution, if possible, to use the medication orally or intramuscularly, and also in small doses - in order to avoid the development of new thromboembolic complications due to the rapid increase in blood clotting factors.

Elimination and prevention of bleeding in diseases affecting the liver and bile ducts: if the coagulation factors have been slightly reduced, adults are administered 5-10 mg of the drug intramuscularly three times a week. If this disorder is severe (or in the case of open bleeding), it is necessary to administer 1-2 ml of the drug intramuscularly 1-2 times a day to stabilize the prothrombin system indices. If the patient has a less severe degree of liver cirrhosis, he is administered 20-30 mg of the drug intramuscularly three times a week.

To prevent bleeding before performing surgical procedures in people with reduced coagulation factor levels: for adults, intravenous injections of 5-20 mg (equivalent to 0.5-2 ampoules) should be prescribed. For milder disorders, 10-20 mg of the drug is administered intramuscularly 4-6 hours before the planned operation.

For other bleedings: with reduced values of factors 2, 7 and 10, and also for bleedings of different etiology, intramuscular administration of 10-20 mg of Kanavit is used to correct coagulation. The maximum single dose is 20 mg, and the maximum daily dosage is 40 mg.

It should be taken into account that for intravenous injections the solution should be diluted in a ratio of 1:5 (using injection water or 5% glucose solution). Then it is administered at a low speed - approximately 1 ml of the drug over 20 seconds.

Use in children.

Bleeding developing in newborns: a portion of the drug, amounting to 10-20 mg, is preliminarily administered to the woman in labor intramuscularly (it is recommended to do this 48 hours before the expected birth, or a maximum of 2 hours before it), or to a newborn baby - also intramuscularly, in a portion of no more than 1 mg. If it is necessary to administer the drug to a newborn for the 2nd or 3rd time, it is necessary to use oral drops of phytomenadione, which are administered together with milk.

Recommended children's portion sizes:

• newborns – maximum 1 mg;
• infants under 1 year old – 1-2.5 mg;
• age group 1-6 years – 2.5-5 mg;
• age category within 6-15 years – administration of 5-10 mg.

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Use Canavita during pregnancy

The substance phytomenadione is included in the group of high-risk drugs when used in pregnant women. Its use in the 1st and 2nd trimesters may be allowed if there are indications when the benefit to the woman is more likely than the likelihood of the risk of negative consequences for the fetus. Prescribing the use of vitamin K1 for prevention in the 3rd trimester is ineffective, because it weakly passes through the placenta.

If it is necessary to use Kanavit during lactation, it is necessary to stop breastfeeding for the duration of therapy.

Contraindications

Main contraindications:

• the presence of high sensitivity to the elements of the drug;
• deficiency of the G6PD component in the body;
• thromboembolism or hypercoagulation;
• the presence of hemolytic pathology in the newborn;
• severe liver failure.

Side effects Canavita

The use of the medication may cause the development of the following side effects:

• manifestations of hypersensitivity: the appearance of a rash on the surface of the skin;
• signs at the injection site: development of burning pain and inflammation;
• disorders affecting the skin and mucous membranes: the occurrence of cyanosis or hyperhidrosis;
• disorders of the cardiovascular system: cardiovascular collapse is observed sporadically;
• symptoms from the respiratory system: development of bronchial spasms;
• problems with the functioning of the digestive organs: in newborns, the development of a hemolytic form of anemia is noted due to a deficiency of the element G6PD and hyperbilirubinemia. Since the enzymatic liver system is poorly developed in newborns, as well as premature babies, they can develop jaundice (and its nuclear form) or a hemolytic form of anemia due to the slow process of biological transformation of the element phytomenadione inside the liver.

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Overdose

In case of intoxication in adults, potentiation of manifestations of side effects is observed. After intravenous injection of phytomenadione, acute intolerance or anaphylaxis may occur, developing in the form of hyperhidrosis, hot flashes, chest pain, cyanosis, problems with the respiratory process, bronchial constriction, and also collapse in the cardiovascular system.

Overdose in children.

Administration of a large dose of the drug to a newborn or, in particular, a premature infant may cause the development of a hemolytic form of anemia. In addition, there is a possibility of nuclear jaundice, which occurs due to the displacement of bilirubin through a combination with albumins.

To eliminate the disorders, it is necessary to stop the administration of the drug and then perform symptomatic procedures.

Interactions with other drugs

The drug may increase the likelihood of the hemolytic effect of other drugs (such as sulfonamide, phenacetin or quinine).

The introduction of Kanavit in combination with medications that have the ability to displace bilirubin from protein binders (sulfonamides) leads to an increased risk of developing nuclear jaundice in newborns who experience increased hemolysis.

Biochemical tests have shown that phytomenadione is able to increase the results of studies of bilirubin levels in blood serum.

The use of the medication for problems with blood clotting caused by reasons other than those listed above (for example, stopping bleeding of a gynecological nature) is prohibited.

Storage conditions

Kanavit should be kept in a dark place, out of the reach of small children. It is prohibited to freeze or cool the medicine. Temperature indicators are a maximum of 25°C.

Shelf life

Kanavit can be used for 3 years from the date of release of the therapeutic agent.

Application for children

The medicine can be prescribed to children, but only for intramuscular administration.

Analogues

Analogues of drugs are drugs such as Vikasol, as well as Vikasol-Darnitsa.