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Kanavit is a part of the vitamin K group and other haemostatics. The active element is phytomenadione.

Indications of the canavita

It is used to eliminate and prevent the development of bleeding that occurs due to reduced blood loss, which appears due to hypovitaminosis or vitamin K deficiency.

It is also used for therapy in complications of hemorrhagic nature, and in addition, with hypocoagulation that occurs after prolonged obstruction in the biliary duct and in early stages of hepatic cirrhosis.

The medicine is prescribed for bowel diseases, which are caused by an absorption disorder after prolonged use of sulfonamides, antibiotics, and salicylates. In addition, it is used to eliminate bleeding from the uterus and hemorrhagic signs developing in newborns.

In surgical practice - with prolonged biliary drainage, and also during the preparation for surgery of patients with reduced blood flow.

Release form

Release of the medicine occurs in the form of an injection liquid, in glass ampoules with a capacity of 1 ml. Inside the blister plate there are 5 ampoules; in the box - 1 such a plate.

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Pharmacodynamics

Vitamin K1 influences the process of biosynthesis of such factors - II (prothrombin element), VII (proconvertin element), IX (Christma), and X (Stewart).

Pharmacokinetics

After the injection of vitamin K1, it is completely absorbed. The concentration of the substance takes place inside the liver, in which it does not accumulate, and its indexes decrease quite rapidly. Only a small amount of the element cumulates inside the tissues, then slowly decays.

Phytomenadione quickly undergoes metabolism, after which polar decomposition products are formed, excreted together with urine, as well as bile (after the conjugation process as glucuronides).

Dosing and administration

When bleeding occurs after treatment with indirect anticoagulants: 10-20 mg of the preparation (1-2 ampoules) are required for adults (with severe degree of impairment), which are dissolved in injectable water or 5% glucose solution (5-10 ml of liquid ), and then slowly injected into / in the method. If you can not stop the bleeding, then after 3-4 hours you can repeat the procedure. In urgent situations, it is required to infuse the victim with fresh blood.

In the more mild forms of disturbance, drops of phytomenadione are taken orally, or the drug is administered in / m in a dose of 10 mg.

It is necessary to take into account that vitamin K1 has a long-term effect, especially when used in large portions and at the same time stopping anticoagulant treatment, when it can reach its maximum values in 24 hours. In this case, an unwanted increase in blood loss can develop, which causes the patient to have a risk of thromboembolic complications.

In this regard, it is required to treat with caution, if possible, use the medication either orally or intramuscularly, as well as in small portions - to avoid the development of new complications of thromboembolic character due to the rapid increase in the factors of blood uptake.

Elimination and prevention of bleeding in diseases affecting the liver and bile ducts: if the factors of blood uptake were not significantly reduced, adults are injected intramuscularly with 5-10 mg of the drug three times per week. If this disorder is severe (or if there is an open form of bleeding), 1-2 ml of the drug should be injected 1-2 times / day in order to stabilize the prothrombin system. If a patient has a less severe degree of hepatic cirrhosis, he is injected in / m way with 20-30 mg of LS three times per week.

To prevent the occurrence of bleeding before performing surgical procedures in people with reduced coagulation factors: it should be prescribed for adults intravenous injections in the size of 5-20 mg (corresponding to 0,5-2-m ampoules). With more mild disorders, I / m is administered 10-20 mg of medication for 4-6 hours before the scheduled operation.

With other bleedings: with reduced factors of factors 2, 7 and 10, and in addition, bleeding, having a different etiology, is used in / m the administration of 10-20 mg of Canavita in order to correct coagulation. The size of the maximum single dose is 20 mg, and the maximum daily dosage is 40 mg.

It should be borne in mind that for IV injections the solution should be diluted in the proportion 1k5 (with injection water or 5% glucose solution). Then it is injected at a low speed - about 1 ml of LS for 20 seconds.

Use in children.

Hemorrhages developing in newborns: a portion of the drug, which is 10-20 mg, is preliminarily injected into the woman in the / m method (it is recommended to do this 48 hours before the expected childbirth, or at most 2 hours before them), or the newly born baby - also intramuscularly , in a dose of not more than 1 mg. If it is necessary to administer the medication to a newborn in the second or third time, it is required to use oral drops of phytomenadione, which are injected with milk.

Recommended sizes of children's portions:

• newborns - a maximum of 1 mg;
• infants less than 1 year - 1-2.5 mg;
• for the age group 1-6 years - 2.5-5 mg;
• age category in the range of 6-15 years - introduction of 5-10 mg.

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Use of the canavita during pregnancy

The phytomenadione substance is part of the high-risk group when used in pregnant women. Its use on the 1st and 2nd trimesters can be tolerated in the presence of indications, when the benefits for women are more likely than the likelihood of the risk of negative consequences for the fetus. To prescribe the use of vitamin K1 for prophylaxis in the 3rd trimester is ineffective, because it weakly passes through the placenta.

If you need to use Canavita in lactation, you must stop breastfeeding during therapy.

Contraindications

The main contraindications:

• the presence of high sensitivity with respect to the elements of the drug;
• deficiency of the G6PD component within the body;
• thromboembolism or hypercoagulation;
• presence of a newborn hemolytic pathology;
• liver failure in severe degree.

Side effects of the canavita

The use of medication can cause the development of the following side effects:

• manifestations of hypersensitivity: the appearance of a rash on the surface of the skin;
• signs on the site of injection: the development of burning pain and inflammation;
• disorders affecting the skin and mucous membranes: the emergence of cyanosis or hyperhidrosis;
• disorders of the CCC function: single-valued cardiovascular collapse;
• symptoms from the respiratory system: the development of spasms of the bronchi;
• problems with the work of the digestive organs: in newborns there is a development of a hemolytic form of anemia with a deficiency of the G6FD element and hyperbilirubinemia. Since the neonates, as well as premature babies are still poorly developed enzyme hepatic system, they can develop jaundice (and its nuclear form) or hemolytic form of anemia due to the slow process of biological transformation of the element of phytomenadione within the liver.

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Overdose

When intoxication in adults, potentiation of side effects is noted. After intravenous injection of phytomenadione, acute intolerance or anaphylaxis may develop, developing in the form of hyperhidrosis, hot flashes, sternostenosis, cyanosis, respiratory problems, narrowing of the bronchi, and also collapse in the CCC region.

Overdose in children.

The introduction of a large dosage of drugs to a newborn or, in particular, a premature baby can cause the development of a hemolytic form of anemia. In addition, there is a possibility of the appearance of jaundice of a nuclear character, which arises from the displacement of bilirubin through a compound with albumins.

To eliminate the disorder, you must cancel the introduction of the drug, and then perform symptomatic procedures.

Interactions with other drugs

The drug can increase the likelihood of hemolytic effects of other drugs (such as sulfonamide, phenacetin or quinine).

The introduction of Canavita in combination with medicaments that have the ability to displace bilirubin from protein bonds (sulfonamides), leads to an increased risk of developing jaundice of a nuclear character in newborns who have increased hemolysis.

Biochemical tests have shown that phytomenadione is able to increase the readings of the level of bilirubin in the blood serum.

Use of medication for problems with blood loss, caused by other reasons, besides the above (for example, the elimination of bleeding, having a gynecological nature) is prohibited.

Storage conditions

The cannabis is required to be kept in a dark place, closed from access by small children. Do not freeze and cool the medicine. Temperatures are a maximum of 25 ° C.

Shelf life

Canavit can be used for 3 years after the release of the therapeutic agent.

Application for children

The drug can be administered to children, but for administration only by intramuscular route.

Analogues

Analogues of drugs are such drugs as Vikasol, as well as Vikasol-Darnitsa.