Calcium gluconate

Calcium gluconate is a calcium medicine, considered a mineral supplement.

[1]

Indications of the calcium gluconate

It is used to treat many pathologies.

In diseases against which hypocalcemia is observed, an increase in the permeability of the cell walls, as well as a disturbance of the permeability of nerve impulses within the muscles.

When hypoparathyroidism (with latent tetany and osteoporosis), disorders of metabolism of calciferol (in diseases such as spasmophilia with rickets, as well as osteomalacia) and hyperphosphataemia in persons with kidney failure in a chronic degree.

With the increased body's need for calcium (during intensive growth of adolescents, during pregnancy or lactation), calcium deficiency in consumed food, calcium metabolism disorders during postmenopausal development, and beyond bone fractures.

With increased calcium excretion (due to prolonged bed rest, chronic type of diarrhea, and also due to hypocalcemia due to prolonged use of anticonvulsants, diuretics or SCS).

As a means of combined treatment: bleeding of various origins, as well as allergies (such as urticaria with serum sickness, and also fever syndrome, Quincke edema and itching type dermatosis), pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, alimentary dystrophic swelling. In addition, also with parenchymal type of hepatitis, eclampsia, nephritis and liver intoxications.

In the form of an antidote in the case of intoxication with oxalic acid, magnesium salts or soluble salts of hydrofluoric acid (as a result of interaction with the drug, non-toxic insoluble elements are formed: fluoride, and with it calcium oxalate).

[2], [3], [4]

Release form

The release is made in tablets, in an amount of 10 pieces inside the blister pack. The pack contains 3 or 10 blisters with tablets.

Calcium gluconate-health (stabilized) is manufactured in the form of a medical solution for intramuscular as well as intravenous procedures. Release in ampoules of volume 1, 2 or 3, as well as 5 or 10 ml. The medicine package contains 10 ampoules.

[5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]

Pharmacodynamics

Calcium gluconate is the calcium salt of the aldonic acid, which contains 9% of calcium. Calcium ions are participants in the processes of carrying out nerve impulses, and in addition to this reduction of skeletal and smooth muscles and the work of the myocardium. They are also involved in the processes of blood uptake and are very important in the formation of bone tissue and the stable operation of other organs with systems. The indices of calcium ions inside the blood decrease with the development of a variety of diseases. The pronounced form of hypocalcemia leads to the development of tetany.

In addition to treating hypocalcemia, the drug reduces vascular permeability, has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and hemostatic properties, and reduces exudation. Calcium ions are a plastic material that is necessary for the teeth and skeleton, they take part in many enzyme processes, correct the rate of impulse transmission along the nerves, and also affect the permeability of the cell walls.

Calcium ions are required to carry out impulses inside the muscles and nerve endings, and also help to support the contractile activity of the myocardium. Calcium gluconate has a weak local effect, unlike calcium chloride medications.

[11], [12], [13], [14]

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration of the tablet, the active substance is partially absorbed, mainly inside the small intestine. Peak plasma values are noted after a lapse of 1.2-1.3 hours.

The half-life of calcium ions from the plasma is 6.8-7.2 hours. The drug is able to pass through the placenta and penetrate into the mother's milk.

Excretion occurs with urine and feces.

[15], [16]

Dosing and administration

Use Calcium Gluconate must be taken orally before eating. It is required to chew the received tablet or preliminary to grind it.

Single doses:

• for adolescents older than 14 years and adults - 1-3 g (taking 2-6 tablets);
• children within the age 3-4 years - 1 g (taking 2 tablets);
• children aged 5-6 years - 1-1.5 g (taking 2-3 tablets);
• children within 7-9 years - 1.5-2 grams (taking 3-4 tablets);
• children aged 10-14 years - 2-3 grams (taking 4-6 tablets).

You need to take the pill 2-3 times a day.

Elderly people can take a day not more than 2 grams of medication (4 tablets).

The duration of the course of therapy is prescribed by the treating doctor and depends on the patient's state of health.

The drug in the form of a solution is administered in / m or in / in methods.

Before the injection, the ampoule containing the solution should be heated to the temperature of the body. The medicine is injected slowly, during 2-3 minutes.

Adolescents from 14 years old, as well as adults, need injections of 5-10 ml of solution, which are administered every day or at intervals of 1-2 days (the frequency of administration depends on the state of health and the nature of the course of the disease).

Children drug solution is administered exclusively in / in the method, and the size of the administered portion depends on age:

• infants up to six months - 0.1-1 ml;
• in the period of 0.5-1 year - 1-1.5 ml;
• within the limits of 1-3 years - 1,5-2 ml;
• children 4-6 years of age - 2-2.5 ml;
• in the period of 7-14 years - 3-5 ml.

If the finished injection solution has a dosage less than 1 ml, it must be brought to the required syringe volume with a solution of sodium chloride (0.9%) or glucose solution (5%).

[24], [25]

Use of the calcium gluconate during pregnancy

Use Calcium gluconate is possible only if the probable benefit to the mother exceeds the risk of the appearance of negative reactions in the fetus. Determine this ratio can only be a doctor.

The drug can pass into the mother's milk, so it is not recommended to use drugs when lactating.

Contraindications

Among the contraindications:

• intolerance of elements of a drug;
• hypercalcemia, as well as hypercalciuria of pronounced type;
• hypercoagulation;
• propensity to form blood clots;
• severe form of atherosclerosis;
• increased blood circulation;
• nefrourolithiasis of calcium type;
• renal failure in severe form;
• sarcoidosis;
• the use of digitalis means.

[17], [18], [19],

Side effects of the calcium gluconate

Often, the medication is tolerated without complications, but sometimes the following side effects occur:

• violations in the CAS area: the development of bradycardia;
• Disorders of metabolic processes: the appearance of hypercalciuria or hypercalcemia;
• problems with the function of the gastrointestinal tract: the appearance of constipation or diarrhea, vomiting with nausea, and in addition to this epigastric pain. In the case of prolonged intake of large doses of drugs within the intestine can form calcium stones;
• damage to the urination system: problems with kidney function (increased urination, as well as swelling on the legs);
• immune manifestations: you can expect the occurrence of allergy symptoms.

The symptoms described above quickly pass after a reduction in dosage or withdrawal of drug use.

[20], [21], [22], [23]

Overdose

In the case of prolonged intake of calcium gluconate in large portions, hypercalcemia can occur, against which calcium salts are deposited within the body. The risk of hypercalcemia increases with combination therapy with large doses of calciferol or its derivatives.

Among the signs of hypercalcemia: a feeling of weakness and drowsiness, abdominal pain, constipation with nausea and vomiting. In addition, anorexia develops, polyuria with polydipsia, a feeling of irritability and increased fatigue, a state of depression, poor health and dehydration. You can also expect the development of myalgia, irregularities in the rhythm of the heartbeat, arthralgia and increased blood pressure.

When treatment is required to cancel the medicine. If there is a severe overdose, administer parenteral calcitonin in the amount of 5-10 IU / kg / day (it is necessary to dilute the drug with a 0.9% solution of sodium chloride (500 ml)) - iv dropwise for 6 hours. You can also use a slow jet injection IV method: 2-4 times a day.

[26], [27], [28], [29],

Interactions with other drugs

The drug reduces the absorption rate of etidronate (and other bisphosphonate) and estramustine, and also quinolones and tetracyclics, fluoride drugs and iron preparations for oral administration. Therefore, they should be taken at intervals of at least 3 hours.

Calcium gluconate weakens the effectiveness of phenytoin.

In the case of combination with calciferol or its derivatives, an increase in the degree of calcium absorption is observed. Cholestyramine reduces calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.

As a result of the combination with cardiac glycosides, their cardiotoxic properties are potentiated.

Due to the simultaneous administration of thiazide diuretics, there may be an increase in the likelihood of hypercalcemia.

The drug can weaken the effect of calcitonin during hypercalcemia, as well as the level of bioavailability of the phenytoin substance. Together with this, it has the effect of blocking the channels of Ca.

During combined use with quinidine, intraventricular conduction may be inhibited, as well as an increase in the toxic properties of this substance.

Forms poorly soluble or insoluble calcium salts with salicylates, carbonates, and sulfates.

Absorption of calcium from the digestive tract can be reduced by eating certain foods - such as bran and rhubarb, as well as spinach and cereals.

[30], [31]

Storage conditions

Calcium gluconate should be kept away from small children. The temperature during storage can not exceed 25 ° C.

[32], [33], [34], [35]

Special instructions

Reviews

Calcium gluconate is most often used in the treatment of allergies - this is demonstrated by most of the reviews. The drug is prescribed for adults and infants. Many patients consider it a very effective alternative to more expensive medicines.

To compensate for the deficiency in the body of calcium, pills are often used, although sometimes a solution administered in / m or in / in the method is sometimes used.

Regarding I / m injections of the drug it is stated that such injections are rather painful, and pain usually does not appear during the procedure, but after it.

The reviews also show that the introduction of the IV / IV solution is tolerated more easily than the / m injections. It is also necessary to take into account that after such an injection it is impossible to rise sharply, it is recommended to lie down for a while.

Although injections of the drug are very painful, it is very effective in the treatment of pink lichen, allergic symptoms, and in addition, with profuse menstruation, herpes with a long-acting angina and other diseases.

Pregnant Calcium gluconate helps significantly weaken the cramps that arise in the legs, and also strengthens the teeth with the nails.

It is required to remember that this is a medicamentous remedy, so it can only be prescribed by a doctor.

[36], [37],

Shelf life

Calcium gluconate is allowed to be used in the period of 5 years from the date of release of the drug.

[38], [39], [40],