Bronchodilator

Bronholitin is a combination drug that contains several active ingredients:

1. Glaucine hydrobromide: Glaucine is an alkaloid that has mucolytic (mucus thinning) and bronchodilator (bronchial dilation) effects. It helps reduce the viscosity of mucus in the airways and facilitate its removal, and improves the patency of the bronchial tubes.
2. Ephedrine hydrochloride: Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine substance that acts as an adrenergic agonist. It stimulates adrenergic receptors, which leads to dilation of the bronchial tubes and an increase in the volume of air entering the lungs. This component may also have a mucolytic effect and promote expectoration of mucus.
3. Basil Oil: Basil oil has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. It can help soothe irritation in the respiratory tract and reduce coughing.

Broncholitin is commonly used for the symptomatic treatment of respiratory diseases such as bronchitis, obstructive pulmonary disease (OPD), asthma, and others. It helps relieve cough, difficulty breathing, and other symptoms associated with respiratory diseases.

Before using Broncholitin or any other medication, it is important to consult your doctor or pharmacist for dosage and administration recommendations, especially if you have any underlying medical conditions or are taking medications.

Indications Broncholitin

1. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, causing coughing, difficulty breathing, mucus production, and other symptoms.
2. OPPD (Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): A chronic lung disease characterized by difficulty breathing out, cough, shortness of breath, and other symptoms.
3. Asthma: A chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that is characterized by increased sensitivity of the bronchial tubes and narrowing of their lumen, leading to shortness of breath, suffocation, and coughing.
4. Tracheobronchitis: Inflammation of the trachea and bronchial tubes, often accompanied by cough, sore throat and other symptoms.
5. Difficulty in Mucus Clearance: To help clear mucus from the airways and reduce the build-up of secretions in the throat and lungs.
6. Other respiratory infections: Broncholitin can be used to treat other respiratory infections, such as the common cold and flu, that involve cough, nasal congestion and other symptoms.

Release form

"Bronholitin" is usually available as a syrup. The syrup provides a convenient method of administration for patients, especially for children, and is easily dosed using a measuring cap or a dosing syringe.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Glaucine hydrobromide:

   • Bronchodilator action: Glaucine is an alkaloid that has the ability to relax the smooth muscles of the bronchi and improve airway patency.
   • Expectorant action: Glaucine helps to liquefy sputum and facilitate its expectoration, which helps with respiratory diseases accompanied by the formation of sputum.

2. Ephedrine hydrochloride:

   • Bronchodilator action: Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors and dilates the bronchi, improving pulmonary ventilation.
   • Central Nervous System Stimulation: Ephedrine also has a central stimulant effect, which may increase alertness and reduce fatigue.

3. Basil Oil:

   • Anti-inflammatory: Basil oil has anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce inflammation in the airways.
   • Mucolytic action: Basil helps to thin mucus and facilitate its expectoration.

Pharmacokinetics

1. Glaucine hydrobromide: Glaucine is an alkaloid that is usually obtained from various plant species such as oregano and gooseberry. Its pharmacokinetics may be affected by many factors including metabolic pathways, excretion, etc.
2. Ephedrine hydrochloride: Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic amine that can act on adrenergic receptors. Its pharmacokinetics can also be variable and depend on many factors.
3. Basil Oil: Basil oil is generally metabolized and eliminated via enzymatic pathways in the body, but the pharmacokinetics of its components can be complex and heterogeneous.

Dosing and administration

Dosage for adults:

• Adults and children over 10 years: Take 10 ml of syrup 3 times a day.

Dosage for children:

• Children from 3 to 10 years: Take 5 ml of syrup 3 times a day.
• Children under 3 years: The use of Broncholitin in children under 3 years of age is generally not recommended due to the presence of ephedrine, which can cause serious side effects in young children.

Instructions for use:

• Before use: Shake bottle thoroughly before use to ensure contents are uniform.
• After meals: It is best to take Broncholitin after meals to minimize stomach irritation.
• Duration of treatment: The duration of taking Bronholitin depends on the symptoms and the doctor's recommendations, but usually the treatment should not be continued for more than 5-7 days without consulting a doctor.

Use Broncholitin during pregnancy

The use of Bronholitin, which contains glaucine hydrobromide, ephedrine hydrochloride and basil oil, during pregnancy requires special attention and caution. Each of these components has potential risks and side effects that may affect pregnancy and fetal development.

Consideration of components:

1. Glaucine hydrobromide:

   • Glaucine is used as an antitussive (cough suppressant) and is generally considered safe for use in adults. However, there is insufficient data on its safety and effectiveness during pregnancy.

2. Ephedrine hydrochloride:

   • Ephedrine is a stimulant and can cause blood vessels to constrict, which is potentially dangerous for both mother and fetus. Ephedrine can lead to high blood pressure and other cardiovascular problems. Because of these risks, ephedrine is generally not recommended for use during pregnancy.

3. Basil oil:

   • Natural oils are often used for medicinal and relaxation purposes, but their safety during pregnancy can vary. In the case of basil oil, it is important to consider that some essential oils can stimulate the uterus and increase the risk of premature labor or other complications.

General recommendations:

Due to the presence of ephedrine and the uncertainty of the effects of glaucine and basil oil on pregnancy, the use of Bronholitin during pregnancy should be very cautious or avoided altogether. Any treatment, especially one containing potentially risky components, should be discussed with a physician who can assess all possible risks and benefits and, if necessary, suggest safer alternatives.

Contraindications

1. Individual intolerance or allergic reaction: People with known individual intolerance to glaucine, ephedrine, basil or any other component of the drug should avoid its use.
2. Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The safety of using Bronholitin during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been fully established. Therefore, to avoid negative consequences, its use should be agreed with a doctor.
3. Paediatric use: Bronholitin may be less safe for use in young children, so it is recommended to consult a doctor before using it in children.
4. Cardiovascular diseases: Ephedrine, one of the components of Bronholitin, can increase blood pressure and heart rate, so the use of the drug may be contraindicated in patients with serious cardiovascular diseases.
5. Tachycardia and arterial hypertension: The use of Bronholitin may be contraindicated in patients with tachycardia (rapid heartbeat) or arterial hypertension (high blood pressure).
6. Thyrotoxicosis: The use of Bronholitin may be contraindicated in patients with thyrotoxicosis (increased thyroid function), as ephedrine may increase the symptoms of this condition.
7. Diabetes mellitus: Broncholitin may increase blood glucose levels, so its use may be contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Side effects Broncholitin

1. Nervous system:

   • Headache
   • Dizziness
   • Nervousness
   • Tremor

2. Cardiovascular system:

   • Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
   • High blood pressure (hypertension)
   • Arrhythmias

3. Gastrointestinal tract:

   • Tension or pain in the abdomen
   • Vomit
   • Heartburn
   • Diarrhea or constipation

4. Skin reactions:

   • Skin rash
   • Itching
   • Hives

5. Other:

   • Insomnia
   • Dry mouth
   • Increased sweating
   • Appetite disorders

Overdose

1. Heart Problems: Ephedrine can cause high blood pressure, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), arrhythmia, and even heart failure in large overdoses.
2. Central stimulation: Ephedrine has a central stimulant effect and can cause insomnia, anxiety, nervousness, dizziness, headache and even seizures.
3. Respiratory problems: Overdose may cause dry mucous membranes, difficulty breathing, and even respiratory arrest due to severe narrowing of the airways.
4. Gastrointestinal disturbances: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disturbances may occur.
5. Convulsions: In case of severe overdose, convulsions and seizures may occur.
6. Toxic Effects: Overdosing on basil oil or other herbal ingredients can also cause toxic reactions.

Interactions with other drugs

1. Sympathomimetics: Ephedrine, contained in "Broncholitin", is a sympathomimetic amine. Interactions with other sympathomimetics, such as adrenaline, may lead to increased symptoms of central nervous system and cardiovascular stimulation.
2. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Ephedrine may enhance the effects of MAOIs, which may lead to increased adrenergic activity and the risk of serious side effects.
3. Antidepressants: Interactions may occur with antidepressants such as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, increasing adrenergic stimulation and the risk of serious side effects.
4. Medicines that increase blood pressure: Ephedrine and glaucine may increase blood pressure. Combining them with other medicines, such as decongestants or central nervous system stimulants, may increase blood pressure and cause serious complications.
5. Anticoagulants: Basil oil, contained in Broncholitin, may enhance the effects of anticoagulants such as warfarin and increase the risk of bleeding.