Barium sulfate for fluoroscopy

Barium sulfate is a substance used for the diagnosis of the gastrointestinal tract. Consider its properties, contraindications, possible side effects and peculiarities of use. X-ray contrast medium to improve the contrast of the image, which is obtained by X-rays. It has no toxicity, it is used to study the stomach, esophagus, duodenum. After the introduction of the inside, quickly spreads through the body.

ATC code: V08BA02 Barless sulfate without suspending agents

[1], [2]

Indications of the barium sulfate for fluoroscopy

Barium sulfate is used to radiograph the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the small intestine, namely its upper parts. Indications for use are based on the pharmacological properties of the medication.

From the hydrostatic pressure and the position of the patient's body, visualization of the distal parts of the intestine depends. Radiocontrast of the small intestine occurs within 15-90 minutes after the administration of the preparation and depends on its viscosity and the rate of gastric emptying.

[3], [4], [5]

Release form

The substance for fluoroscopy is available in the form of a powder for the preparation of a suspension for oral administration. This form of release simplifies the conduct of the diagnostic procedure, since it allows you to calculate the required amount of the drug.

Barium sulfate is available in plastic jars of 100 g, it is packed in 60, 90 and 120 pcs. In a cardboard box. White loose powder does not have a specific smell and taste, it does not dissolve in organic solvents, acids or alkalis.

[6], [7], [8]

Pharmacodynamics

The diagnostic drug has no therapeutic effect on the body. The pharmacodynamics of barium sulfate is based on its chemical formula: BaSO4. The substance is produced by the interaction of barium peroxide / hydroxide with H2SO4 or soluble sulfates. For industrial purposes, the substance is obtained from a natural mineral, a heavy filler.

[9], [10]

Pharmacokinetics

The effectiveness and speed of diagnostic fluoroscopy with the use of barium sulfate depends on its absorption. According to pharmacokinetics, the substance is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not enter the systemic circulation (provided there is no organ perforation).

It envelops the gastrointestinal mucosa and absorbs X-rays, which makes it possible to study the state of the microscopic relief of the mucosa. Has low toxicity, is excreted from the body through the intestine within 24-48 hours.

[11]

Dosing and administration

Since the medication is used in the diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, its method of administration and dose is prescribed by the attending physician. The powder is diluted to a suspension and taken internally. Barium sulfate is mixed with warm water in a proportion of 2: 1 or 4: 1 and thoroughly mixed until a uniform consistency is obtained. Adult dose 300 ml, for children up to 100 ml.

Barium gruel is injected through the mouth or probe directly into the stomach. If there is a double contrasting of the upper digestive tract, then the drug is added with sodium citrate or sorbitol. When carrying out the diagnosis of the large intestine, the suspension is administered in an enema. To do this, 750 g of powder is diluted in a liter of Tannin solution 0.5%. Before the procedure, you can eat soft food and you must enter the suppository Bisacodyl.

[14], [15]

Use of the barium sulfate for fluoroscopy during pregnancy

The drug is contraindicated to use during pregnancy. This prohibition is explained by the risk of adverse reactions from the female body to the diagnostic substance.

When using barium sulfate during lactation, it is necessary to interrupt feeding for 24 hours before and after the procedure.

Contraindications

Powder is contraindicated for use with its individual intolerance. The drug is not used in such cases:

• Bulging of large intestine
• Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract
• Bronchial asthma in history
• Dehydration of the body
• Ulcerative colitis (acute form)
• Allergic reactions
• Dysfunction of swallowing
• Esophagotracheal fistulas
• Bleeding in the digestive tract
• Pregnancy

In addition to the above contraindications, barium sulfate is prohibited for diverticulitis in acute form and cystic fibrosis.

[12]

Side effects of the barium sulfate for fluoroscopy

Barium sulfate for fluoroscopy can cause such side effects:

• Spasms, pain in the intestines and stomach
• Diarrhea
• Constriction constipation
• Anaphylactoid reactions (shortness of breath)
• Chest tightness
• Painful flatulence

If after a radiocontrast diagnosis, the patient has any adverse reactions, then this should be reported to the doctor.

[13]

Overdose

Since the X-ray contrast substance is not absorbed into the systemic circulation, an overdose is impossible. To avoid unpleasant sensations a day before and one day after the procedure, it is contraindicated to take solid food. Immediately after the test, it is necessary to drink more liquid to accelerate the elimination process.

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Storage conditions

Radiopaque powder should be stored in its original packaging, protected from moisture, sunlight and inaccessible to children. Ready mix for storage conditions should be kept at a temperature of 15 to 30 ° C, shake well before use.

[19]

Shelf life

Barium sulfate for fluoroscopy is dispensed without a medical prescription. Shelf life is 60 months from the date of manufacture. As a rule, the substance is purchased in large quantities at the request of medical diagnostic institutions.

[20], [21]