Avelox

Avelox is effective against multiresistant, anaerobic gram-positive, gram-negative, atypical microorganisms, and also has a quick and long-lasting effect. In addition, the drug is well tolerated by patients.

[1], [2], [3]

Indications of the avelox

Avelox uses for infections of the ENT organs of the lungs, skin and soft tissues, as well as infections of the genital organs (chlamydia, gonorrhea) and intra-abdominal infections. 

[4]

Release form

Avelox is available in two forms: oral tablets and intravenous solutions.

Avelox tablets are available in a 5 or 7 tablet cell pack.

Infusion solution Avelox is available in glass bottles, sealed in cardboard packaging. Each bottle contains 250 ml of liquid for drip. Also, the solution is available in a sealed polyolefin bag with a capacity of 250 ml. 

[5], [6]

Pharmacodynamics

Avelox represents an antibiotic from a group of new-generation fluoroquinolones. The drug is effective against a large number of pathogenic microorganisms. Upon ingestion, moxifloxacin provokes a violation of the DNA of atypical cells, resulting in their death.

Avelox is very harmful for many gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as chlamydia, mycoplasma, legionella, ureaplasma, anaerobic infections.  

In addition, the drug helps to cope with bacteria that are resistant to penicillin antibacterial drugs.

The antibacterial activity of the preparation is not affected by the mechanisms that develop resistance in microorganisms to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, macrolides. Resistance to the active substance - moxifloxacin, in bacteria develops rather slowly, mainly by prolonged mutations. In addition, moxifloxacin is active against some anaerobic and Gram-positive microorganisms resistant to quinolones.  

[7], [8], [9],

Pharmacokinetics

Avelox is absorbed in the digestive tract almost completely in a relatively short time. After taking one dose (400 mg), the maximum concentration in the blood of the active substance is observed after 1 to 4 hours. When taking the drug with food, the maximum concentration in the blood is increased by 2 hours. The intake of food does not affect the absorption of the drug in the digestive tract, so it can be taken at a convenient time.

The use of Avelox infusion significantly increases the therapeutic effect of the drug.

The active substance is quickly distributed to the organs and tissues of the body. The highest concentration of the drug is observed in the subcutaneous structures and soft tissues, lung tissue, nasal sinuses, bronchial mucosa, and also in inflammatory foci. Also sufficiently high doses of the drug accumulate in the organs of the abdominal cavity, female genital organs and peritoneal fluid.

Removal of the drug, after the end of the second phase of biotransformation, occurs with urine and feces in the form of inactive metabolites, approximately 19 - 25% is excreted unchanged. The half-life is about 12 hours.

Pharmacokinetic parameters do not depend on the age and sex of the patient. Studies on the pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in children have not been conducted.

Special differences in pharmacokinetics in patients with minor disturbances in kidney and liver function have not been identified. 

[10], [11], [12]

Dosing and administration

Avelox tablets are taken orally, taken with a small amount, not chewed, taking the drug is not dependent on food intake and can be at any convenient time. A single dose per day is 400 mg, which is contained in one tablet.

Avelox solution is given intravenously once a day for 400 mg.

Intravenous Aivelox solution is prescribed for a maximum of 14 days, taking tablets - up to 21 days.

The selection of an individual dosage in the case of minor disorders in the functioning of the liver, kidneys, and also to patients who are on artificial cleansing of blood from toxins is not required.

 Intravenous solution is administered by drop method over an hour. Avelox can be administered directly in pure form or diluted with special solutions (sodium chloride, yonsteril, water for injection, etc.). For use, only clear solutions are needed.

The drug should be used with extreme caution in severe forms of kidney failure. Take the drug should be under the supervision of a doctor. 

[18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]

Use of the avelox during pregnancy

Since the safety of the use of Avelox during pregnancy is not proven, its use is contraindicated during this period. 

It has been established that moxifloxacin appears in breast milk in an insignificant amount, but there are no data on the use of the drug by women who are breast-fed, so it is prohibited to use the drug during lactation.

Studies that have been conducted on animals have shown that mokifloxacin is able to penetrate the placental barrier. Also, in animals that received the drug in a therapeutic dose, frequent miscarriages, birth of a fetus with a lower weight, a slight increase in the duration of gestation. 

Contraindications

Avelox can not be given to pregnant women, and also during lactation. The drug is not recommended for use before the age of 18 and with increased susceptibility to certain constituents of the drug.

With extreme caution, he uses Avelox in diseases with CNS lesions, especially with convulsions, with bradycardia, with severe forms of hepatic insufficiency, combined with drugs that correct the electrophysiological properties of the heart (increasing the QT interval), with acute myocardial ischemia.

[13], [14], [15]

Side effects of the avelox

After taking Avelox in some cases, you may experience heart palpitations, fainting, lowering blood pressure, flushing your face. In extremely rare cases, there may appear ventricular arrhythmia, nonspecific arrhythmia, cardiac arrest (in patients with bradycardia, acute myocardial ischemia).

Less frequent shortness of breath (in some cases, developing asthma).

Quite often after taking the drug, nausea (vomiting), upset of the stool, rarely complete refusal of food, abdominal pain, constipation, increased gas formation, inflammatory processes of the gastrointestinal tract, impaired hepatic function, cholestatic hepatitis, in very rare cases develops fulminant hepatitis, with severe renal failure, which poses a serious threat to life. 

Receiving Avelox often provokes headaches, dizziness. Less often there is drowsiness, confusion, trembling of limbs, vertigo (a feeling of constant movement around yourself). Much less often there is a lack of coordination, attention, memory loss, speech disorder, depressive conditions (sometimes with a tendency to suicide or self-harm), hallucinations.

Also, taking the drug can cause a violation of the functions of the sensory organs (vision, taste buds), there is rarely a noise in the ears. Avelox can lead to thrombocytosis, leukopenia, anemia, muscle pain, tendon inflammation, joints, and musculoskeletal damage can also occur.  

In women after taking this antibiotic, it often provokes inflammation of the vagina, candidiasis infection (thrush).

In patients in old age, the drug can cause kidney damage.

In rare cases, various skin reactions develop (severe erythema, epidermal necrolysis), various manifestations of allergy (itching, rash, anaphylactic shock, laryngeal edema, etc.), it is also possible to increase blood sugar, increase urea concentration in the blood, and so on. .

After receiving Avelox, the patient may feel a general malaise (weakness, sweating, pain), in rare cases, there is swelling. 

[16], [17]

Overdose

There is insufficient data on overdose of myoflaxacin. Certain data after taking a dose of up to 1200 mg at a time, and also after a daily intake of 600 mg for ten or more days was not recorded.

When symptoms of an overdose appear, you first need to pay attention to the clinical picture and carry out treatment aimed at eliminating symptoms and maintaining the body. With increased intake of the drug inside the activated carbon tablets will help reduce the systemic effects of moxifloxacin on the body. 

[24], [25]

Interactions with other drugs

The simultaneous administration of Avelox and Ranitidine reduces the absorption of moxifloxacin in the gastrointestinal tract is reduced.

Vitamin and mineral preparations, drugs that reduce gastric acidity reduce the therapeutic effect of Avelox. Sorption drugs slow the absorption of moxifloxacin in the intestine, as a result, the therapeutic effect is reduced by more than 80%.

Avelox has an insignificant effect on the pharmacological activity of Digoxin.

Corticosteroid preparations in combination with Avelox increase the likelihood of tendinous inflammation.

The solution for intravenous administration is not combined with sodium bicarbonate 4.2-8.4%,
NaCl 10-20%. 

[26], [27], [28], [29]

Storage conditions

Tablets Avelox should be stored in the original packaging, in a place well protected from direct sunlight. The storage temperature should not be above 25 ° C.

The solution for intravenous administration should be stored in the original bottle, in a dry place, where direct sunlight does not reach. Store at a temperature of no more than 25 ° C, do not freeze. After dilution with solvents, Avelox solution retains its activity for 24 hours. Avelox is not stored in the refrigerator. 

[30], [31], [32]

Shelf life

Shelf life Avelox is 5 years from the date of manufacture, subject to the rules of storage and without damaging the original packaging. 

[33], [34], [35], [36]