Apizartron

"Apizartron" is a medicinal ointment containing such active ingredients as bee venom, methyl salicylate and allyl isothiocyanate. These components give the ointment anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Active ingredients may help reduce pain and inflammation in the joints and muscles of musculoskeletal conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, muscle pain and other conditions.

Apizartron ointment is applied topically to the skin in the area of affected joints or muscles. Its action is aimed at relieving pain, relieving inflammation and improving local blood circulation, which can help improve the condition and reduce the symptoms of the disease.

Indications Apisarthrona

• Joint diseases: This includes osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout arthritis and other inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases.
• Muscle pain: Apizartron can help with muscle pain, pulled muscle syndrome, muscle spasms and other muscle diseases.
• Injuries and Damages: The ointment can be used to relieve pain and inflammation after injuries, bruises, sprains or sprains of ligaments and tendons.
• Neuralgia and neuritis: These are conditions associated with nerve pain, such as trigeminal neuralgia or neuritis.
• Other conditions involving pain and inflammation: In some cases, the ointment may be used for other conditions, such as rheumatic fever or ankylosing spondylitis, to relieve pain and inflammation.

Release form

Apizartron is available in the form of an ointment. This medicine has a viscous texture that is easily applied to the skin. Usually supplied in tubes of a certain volume.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Bee venom (apitoxin): Bee venom contains many biologically active substances, such as melittin and apamidin, which have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. These components can reduce the level of inflammation in tissues and relieve pain.
2. Methyl salicylate: Methyl salicylate has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. It can reduce inflammation and reduce pain in the area of application.
3. Allyl isothiocyanate: This component has an irritating and distracting effect. It can stimulate blood circulation in the area of application and relieve muscle tension, which helps reduce pain and improve local blood circulation.

All of these components act synergistically on the affected tissues, providing overall pain relief and a reduction in inflammation in the joints and muscles.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics information for Apizartron is not available, as this topic is not usually addressed for topical preparations such as ointment. In addition, the pharmacokinetics depend on the specific ingredients and their mode of penetration through the skin, which may vary depending on the individual patient characteristics and the conditions of use.

Dosing and administration

• Applying ointment: The ointment should be applied in a thin layer to clean and dry skin in the area of the affected joint or muscle.
• Massage: After applying the ointment, you can gently massage the area to ensure even distribution of the drug and improve its penetration.
• Frequency of use: Usually the ointment is applied 2-3 times a day for several days or until the condition improves.
• Dosage: The amount of ointment to use may depend on the size of the affected area. It is usually sufficient to apply a thin layer of ointment, sufficient to cover the affected area.
• Duration of treatment: The duration of use of Apizartron may vary depending on the nature and severity of the disease. It is usually recommended to use the ointment until symptoms subside or as recommended by a physician.

Use Apisarthrona during pregnancy

• Bee venom:

  • Bee venom is used in traditional medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Research shows that bee venom has powerful anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic properties. However, bee venom can cause allergic reactions that range from local to systemic and can be life-threatening, especially in pregnant women with a predisposition to allergies (Wehbe et al., 2019).

• Methyl salicylate:

  • Methyl salicylate is a salicylate ester often used as a topical treatment for pain and inflammation. It penetrates the skin and can cause systemic effects similar to aspirin. Excess salicylates during pregnancy can lead to complications, including premature closure of the ductus arteriosus and fetal growth restriction. Therefore, the use of methyl salicylate during pregnancy should be limited and controlled (Mayer, 1997).

• Allyl isothiocyanate:

  • Allyl isothiocyanate is a component of mustard essential oil and is used as an irritant and anti-inflammatory agent. It may cause skin irritation and sensitization. There is limited data on its safety in pregnancy, but it is known that allyl isothiocyanate can penetrate the skin and theoretically may have systemic effects (Roh et al., 2004).

Contraindications

• Individual intolerance: People with a known allergy to any of the components of the ointment, including bee venom, methyl salicylate or allyl isothiocyanate, should avoid using this drug.
• Broken skin: It is not recommended to use Apizartron on open wounds, cuts, abrasions or other damaged areas of the skin, as this may cause irritation and worsen the condition.
• Children and pregnant women: Use of Apizartron in children under 12 years of age and pregnant or breastfeeding women requires consultation with a physician due to limited data on its safety in these groups.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: During pregnancy and lactation, the ointment should be used only as prescribed by a doctor to avoid negative effects on the development of the fetus or child.
• Asthma: Patients with asthma or the aspirin triad (rhinosinusitis, asthma, and aspirin intolerance) may have problems using an ointment containing methyl salicylate.

Side effects Apisarthrona

• Allergic skin reactions: Redness, itching, rash, or irritation of the skin may occur at the site of application of the ointment in people with hypersensitivity to one of the ingredients.
• Local irritation: Some people may experience redness, burning, or discomfort at the site of application.
• Increased pain: Some patients may temporarily experience increased pain in the joints or muscles after starting to use.
• Increased sensitivity to sunlight: Ingredients in the ointment, such as methyl salicylate, may increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight and cause sunburn or other reactions.
• Rare systemic reactions: Rare systemic reactions, such as allergic reactions such as asthma or anaphylactic shock, are possible.
• Impaired kidney or liver function: If the active components of the ointment penetrate the skin, there may be an adverse effect on kidney or liver function.

Overdose

Since Apizartron is used topically and externally, the likelihood of an overdose is low. However, if too much ointment is used or if it is swallowed, undesirable side effects may occur, such as increased local reactions or systemic reactions to the components of the drug.

Interactions with other drugs

• Local drugs: When using Apizartron ointment simultaneously with other local drugs, local reactions or increased effect may occur. For example, the use of analgesic ointments or creams can enhance the analgesic effect.
• System medications: Although systemic interactions are unlikely due to the topical use of Apizartron, it is always recommended to tell your doctor about all medications you are taking, including prescription, over-the-counter, and supplements, to avoid possible interactions.
• Coumarin anticoagulants: Interaction with coumarin anticoagulants (for example, warfarin) is unlikely, however, with prolonged and widespread use of the ointment over large areas of skin, small amounts of methyl salicylate may be absorbed, which could potentially enhance the effect of the anticoagulants.
• Drugs that increase sensitivity to sunlight: Ingredients in the ointment, such as methyl salicylate, may increase skin sensitivity to sunlight. When used concomitantly with other drugs that increase sun sensitivity, such as retinoids or tetracyclines, there may be an increased risk of sunburn or other reactions to the sun.