Apizartron

"Apizartron" is a medicinal ointment containing such active ingredients as bee venom, methyl salicylate and allyl isothiocyanate. These components give the ointment anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Active ingredients may help reduce pain and inflammation in the joints and muscles in musculoskeletal conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, muscle pain and other conditions.

Apizartron ointment is applied locally to the skin in the area of affected joints or muscles. Its action is aimed at relieving pain, reducing inflammation and improving local blood circulation, which can help improve the condition and reduce the symptoms of the disease.

Indications Apisartron

• Joint diseases: This includes osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout arthritis and other inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases.
• Muscle pain: Apizartron can help with muscle pain, muscle strain syndrome, muscle spasms and other muscle diseases.
• Injuries and injuries: The ointment can be used to relieve pain and inflammation following injuries, bruises, strains or sprains of ligaments and tendons.
• Neuralgia and neuritis: These are conditions associated with nerve pain, such as trigeminal neuralgia or neuritis.
• Other conditions involving pain and inflammation: In some cases, the ointment may be used for other conditions such as rheumatic fever or ankylosing spondylitis to relieve pain and inflammation.

Release form

"Apizartron" is produced in the form of an ointment. This medicine has a viscous texture that is easy to apply to the skin. It is usually supplied in tubes of a certain volume.

Pharmacodynamics

1. Bee venom (apitoxin): Bee venom contains many biologically active substances, such as melittin and apamidine, which have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. These components can reduce the level of inflammation in tissues and relieve pain.
2. Methyl salicylate: Methyl salicylate has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. It can reduce inflammation and relieve pain in the area of application.
3. Allyl isothiocyanate: This component has an irritant and distracting effect. It can stimulate blood circulation in the area of application and relieve muscle tension, which helps reduce pain and improve local blood circulation.

All these components act synergistically on the affected tissues, providing general pain relief and reducing inflammation in the joints and muscles.

Pharmacokinetics

Information on the pharmacokinetics of Apizartron is not available, as this topic is not usually addressed for topical preparations such as ointments. In addition, pharmacokinetics depend on the specific ingredients and their mode of penetration through the skin, which may vary depending on individual patient characteristics and the conditions of use.

Dosing and administration

• Application of the ointment: The ointment should be applied in a thin layer to clean and dry skin in the area of the affected joint or muscle.
• Massage: After applying the ointment, you can gently massage the area to ensure even distribution of the product and improve its penetration.
• Frequency of application: Usually the ointment is applied 2-3 times a day for several days or until the condition improves.
• Dosage: The amount of ointment to use may depend on the size of the affected area. Usually, a thin layer of ointment, sufficient to cover the affected area, is sufficient.
• Duration of treatment: The duration of use of "Apizartron" may vary depending on the nature and severity of the disease. It is usually recommended to use the ointment until the symptoms are relieved or as recommended by a doctor.

Use Apisartron during pregnancy

• Bee venom:

  • Bee venom is used in traditional medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. Research shows that bee venom has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties. However, bee venom can cause allergic reactions that range from local to systemic and can be life-threatening, especially in pregnant women with a predisposition to allergies (Wehbe et al., 2019).

• Methyl salicylate:

  • Methyl salicylate is a salicylate ester often used topically to relieve pain and inflammation. It is absorbed through the skin and can cause systemic effects similar to aspirin. Excess salicylates during pregnancy can lead to complications including premature closure of the ductus arteriosus and fetal growth restriction. Therefore, the use of methyl salicylate during pregnancy should be limited and supervised (Mayer, 1997).

• Allyl isothiocyanate:

  • Allyl isothiocyanate is a component of mustard essential oil and is used as an irritant and anti-inflammatory agent. It may cause skin irritation and sensitization. There is insufficient data on its safety during pregnancy, but it is known that allyl isothiocyanate can be absorbed through the skin and may theoretically have systemic effects (Roh et al., 2004).

Contraindications

• Individual intolerance: People with a known allergy to any of the components of the ointment, including bee venom, methyl salicylate or allyl isothiocyanate, should refrain from using this drug.
• Damaged skin: It is not recommended to apply "Apizartron" to open wounds, cuts, abrasions or other damaged areas of the skin, as this may cause irritation and worsen the condition.
• Children and pregnant women: Use of Apizartron in children under 12 years of age and pregnant or lactating women requires consultation with a physician due to limited data on its safety in these groups.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: During pregnancy and lactation, the ointment should be used only as prescribed by a doctor to avoid negative effects on the development of the fetus or child.
• Asthma: Patients with asthma or the aspirin triad (rhinosinusitis with polyps, asthma, and aspirin intolerance) may experience problems when using ointment containing methyl salicylate.

Side effects Apisartron

• Allergic reactions on the skin: Redness, itching, rashes or irritation of the skin may occur at the site of application of the ointment in people with hypersensitivity to one of the components.
• Local irritation: Some people may experience redness, burning or discomfort at the application site.
• Increased pain: Some patients may experience temporary increased pain in the joints or muscles after starting treatment.
• Increased sensitivity to sunlight: Ointment ingredients such as methyl salicylate may increase your skin's sensitivity to sunlight and cause sunburn or other reactions.
• Rare systemic reactions: Rare systemic reactions such as allergic reactions such as asthma or anaphylactic shock are possible.
• Impaired kidney or liver function: If the active components of the ointment penetrate the skin, adverse effects on kidney or liver function are possible.

Overdose

Since "Apizartron" is applied locally and externally, the probability of overdose is low. However, if too much ointment is applied or swallowed, unwanted side effects may occur, such as increased local reactions or systemic reactions to the components of the drug.

Interactions with other drugs

• Local preparations: When using Apizartron ointment simultaneously with other local preparations, local reactions or an increase in the effect may occur. For example, the use of analgesic ointments or creams may increase the pain-relieving effect.
• Systemic Drugs: Although systemic interactions are unlikely due to the topical use of Apizartron, it is always recommended to inform your doctor of all medications you are taking, including prescription, over-the-counter, and supplements, to avoid possible interactions.
• Coumarin anticoagulants: Interaction with coumarin anticoagulants (eg, warfarin) is unlikely, however, with prolonged and widespread use of the ointment over large areas of skin, absorption of small amounts of methyl salicylate is possible, which could potentially enhance the effect of anticoagulants.
• Medicines that increase sensitivity to sunlight: Components of the ointment, such as methyl salicylate, may increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight. When used simultaneously with other medicines that increase sensitivity to the sun, such as retinoids or tetracyclines, the risk of sunburn or other sun reactions may be increased.